雌雄异位和花部行为影响植物的传粉和交配格局。二者的适应意义一直是植物生殖生态学和进化生物学研究的热点之一。该文概述了近年来雌雄异位和花部行为适应意义的研究进展，包括对雌雄异位适应意义的最早期、最传统的认识——避免自交和当前的主流观点—— 避免雌雄干扰；花内性别干扰的形式及其例证；花部行为在避免雌雄功能干扰、避免自交、实现延迟自交、应对不良环境等方面的适应意义。讨论了使雌雄异位程度减小的锦葵科一些植物中的单体雄蕊柱头运动可能涉及到的适应意义。针对目前在雌雄异位和花部行为适应意义研究上存在的不足，结合国际上研究二者适应意义的发展趋势正在从前期以描述性的研究为主转变到应用现代分子生物学手段(尤其是分子标记，如SSR、SNP、AFLP等)和传统方法相结合，以及随着田间实验和控制条件能力的发展正由经典的野外调查、观察为主过渡到包括花操纵在内的人工试验和野外试验相结合，提出了今后研究中应注意的问题。有必要借用多学科的手段，以可作为研究雌雄异位和花部行为的有着研究基础的植物为材料，设计和操纵不同的对比试验，系统而深入地探讨雌雄异位和花部行为的适应意义。
With their critical role in plant pollination and mating system, the adaptive significance of herkogamy and floral behavior has well been studied in plant reproductive biology and evolutionary ecology. Here we review recent progress in this field, especially discuss the adaptive significance of movement approach herkogamy in monadelphous tube in Malvaceae, which involves decrease of herkogamy resulting from the curvature of stigma lobe. Herkogamy, the spatial separation of pollen presentation and pollen receipt with in flowers, appears in many animal_pollinated plants. Due to its positive correlation with outcrossing rates in some species with mixed_mating systems, herkogam y has been previously considered as a mechanism to prevent self_pollination. However, increasing evidences suggest that herkogamy may act as a mechanism to reduce interference between the reproductive functions of female and male organs. Functional studies of heterostylous species indicate that sex_organ reciprocity serves to promote cross_pollen transfer between floral morphs and that enantiostyly and stigma_height dimorphism function in a similar manner. Intra_floral sex interference often contains physical interference and pollen clogging. The former involves stamens obstructing the deposition of outcrossing pollen on stigmas and pistil reducing pollen export (an experimental evidence is given recently). The latter involves pollen discounting and ovule discounting, an d its experimental evidence has been largely reported in many plants. The behaviors of different floral parts (style, stamen, pollen, corolla, etc.) may have adaptive significance, including reducing intrafloral male_female interf erence, avoiding self_pollination, promoting delayed autonomous selfing, and responding to the harsh environment. Movement approach of herkogamy in monadelphous tube in Malvaceae, making the herkogamy decrease by the curvature of stigma lobe, is unusual and intriguing, and its adaptive significance may involves promoting outcrossing, facilitating delayed selfing if outcrossing fails, and interferences between two sexual organs. We believe that the trends studying on the their functions are transiting from the research stage mainly depending on the description to comprehensive resear ch phase combining modern experimental technology (e.g. the molecular markers of SSR, SNP, AFLP) and advanced apparatus multi_seasons with traditional method , and with the development of the capacity of field experiments and control conditions，transiting from traditional and classical observations to combining floral manipulation in the field experiments.