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作 者 ：陈昌笃

期 刊 ：植物生态学报 1987年 11卷 2期 页码：81-91

关键词：荒漠；经济开发；

Keywords:desert, economic exploitation,

摘 要 ：以植被为基础，结合考虑气候和土壤，划分中国荒漠类型时，可以看到，中国荒漠明显存在三种类型：半荒漠(草原化荒漠)、普通荒漠(典型荒漠)和极旱荒漠。它们各自集中连续地分布，形成亚带(亚地带)，以东南—西北方向排列。最东南是半荒漠，向北依次是普通荒漠东南翼，极早荒漠，普通荒漠西北翼。在气候上半荒漠是半干旱(年降水量200一l00mm)，普通荒漠是干旱(100—50mm)，极旱荒漠是极端干旱(<50mm)。由于水分条件是荒漠地区决定一切生物生命活动和人类生产活动的限制因素，三类荒漠经济开发的可能性和特点各不相同。例如半荒漠可以飞播牧草固沙，在普通荒漠则十分困难，在极旱荒漠通常不可能。在普通荒漠的沙丘上植被可以发生自然丛生过程，在极旱荒漠的沙丘上连植被自然丛生过程也不能发生。但条件十分严酷的极旱荒漠，只要有水，由于有丰富的光热资源，农业可以取得良好收成。

Abstract:Based on vegetation, climate, and soil, China’s deserts may be subdivided into three types: semi-desert (steppefied desert), true desert (typical desert) and extremly-arid desert. Each of these form a subzone of its own. From the southeast to the northwest, a series of subzone may be found: semi-desert-southeastern part of true desert-extremely-arid desert-northwestern part of true desert.Climatically, the semi-desert is semi-arid (with precipitation of 200—100mm), while the true desert is arid (100—50mm) and the extremelyarid desert is exceedingly arid (50mm).Due to the limiting factor of lack of water to all life processes and productive activities in desert areas, the possibilities and peculiarities of economic exploitation of the three types are different. For example, in semi-deserts, shifting sand dunes can be fixed by aerial seeding, but it is very difficult to do so in true deserts and impossible in extremely-arid deserts. In true deserts, the sand dunes might naturely be covered with grasses and herbs, but in extremely-arid deserts this never happens. Though the natural conditions of the latter are harsh and severe, if water is available, good agricultural harvests can be obtained.

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