作 者 ：祝心如, 王大力
期 刊 ：植物生态学报 1997年 21卷 3期 页码：226-233
Keywords:Allelopathy, Malus pumila, Populus canadensis, Paulownia elongata, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, Phlorog,
摘 要 ：从化学生态学的角度，了解树木根系对农作物生长的影响，针对泡桐树(Paulownia elongata)、苹果树(Malus pumila)、桃树(Prunus persica)和杨树(Populus canadensis)进行了实验。本文给出了实验结果。实验表明，泡桐根、苹果根、杨树根和桃树根的水浸液抑制小麦的种子萌发，抑制强度依次为；桃根>杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐根。树根水浸液同样抑制小麦幼苗根伸长。其作用强度为：杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐树根。根水浸液再用乙醚萃取，乙醚萃取液表现了更为明显的对小麦早期根和苗发育的抑制作用。抑制能力为：桃树根>杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐树根。苹果树根的根皮苷在土壤中或水中可依次降解产生根皮素，对羟基氢化肉桂酸，对羟基苯甲酸和间苯三酚。以此为例，取化学试剂对羟基苯甲酸和间苯三酚进行小麦种子萌发和早期发育试验。结果表明，当化合物浓度为1×10-2M时，可抑制小麦种子萌发和生长。在实验样地的土壤中检出了对羟基苯甲酸，这表明存在林木根系产生化学物质而影响作物生长的可能性。本文还分析了不利影响发生的条件.
Abstract:Does tree root affect crop growth when they are planted near by each other? In aspect of allelopathy, the paper gives results based on the study in Agro-ecological research station of Feng Qiu in He Nan province. In a general survey, it was found that model of intercroping included corn with Paulownia elongata, wheat growing in orchard of Malus pumila, sweet potato planted in orchard of Prunus persica, and various crops growing near by the tree of Populus Canadensis in surveyed surroundings. Under normal climatic and nutrient condition, it did not occur that those crops grew apparently poor except sweet potato which gave bitterish taste in comparison with other sweet potato growing not near to Prunus persica. Results show that water extracts of tree roots inhibited germination and early growth of wheat. The germination inhibitory extents were in the order that by root of Prunus persica>by root of Populus canadensis>by root of Malus pumila>by root of Paulownia elongata. The shoot growth and root elongation of wheat were also affected by the water extract of tree roots. Populus canadensis was the strongest one in the three sorts of the trees, and Paulownia elongata was the weakest one. Ether extract of tree roots concentrated some organic compounds from the water extracts and exhibited more obvious inhibitory effect on wheat growth. The order of inhibitory extents by ether extracts was the same as that by the water extracts. From literature,it is known that in soil or water phlonzin from apple root bark will be degraded into phloretin,P-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid ,P-hydroxyhenzoic acid and phloroglucinol, gradually. An experiment by using the commercial chemicals of P-hydroxybenzoic acid and phloroglucinol was set up in order to answer if the compounds played role in the inhibitory effect of tree root . The results of experiment show that the water solution of organic compounds did take part in the inhibitory effect on the germination and early growth of wheat. At concentration of n × 10-2M,it showed inhibitory effect , but at n × 10-5M,it showed simulative effect. P-hydroxybenzoic acid was detected in the soil samples collected from the field station. The concentration of the compounds varied around the level of n × 10-5M. The paper elucidated the condition under which inverse effects occur.
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