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作 者 ：罗庆华

期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2009年 20卷 07期 页码：1723-1730

关键词：大鲵；

摘 要 ：2006—2008年的7—8月，对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区境内大鲵栖息河段及其洞穴特征、水质和饵料生物资源进行了实地观测和取样分析，研究了该保护区野生大鲵的生境特征.结果表明：研究区大鲵栖息河段海拔适中，在（373±97） m，河宽与河深均较小，分别为（6.39±2.13） m和（1.07±0.53) m；河段底质均为石质性结构，多为卵石或礁石，河床多为不规则型，河岸多为石壁；两岸植被类型多为灌木丛，植被覆盖度（>50% ）与坡度［（58±17）°］均较大；研究河段的水流速较大，在（0.33±0.08） m·s^-1，且人为干扰较弱.研究区大鲵栖息地的洞穴数量较多，达（4±2）个·100 m^-1，洞穴中水的流速较小，在（0.22±0.10） m·s^-1.大鲵栖息处水质溶解氧较高，为（7.23±0.85） mg·L^-1，化学耗氧量与总氮含量均较低，分别为（4.00±2.51）和（0.11±0.15） mg·L^-1，总硬度适中，为（137.16±67.69） mg·L^-1，大肠菌群较少，为（3419±3407） ind·L^-1.对研究区大鲵种群数量影响最大的饵料生物是蟹，其次为虾.

Abstract:By the methods of field investigation and laboratory analysis, the hab
itat characteristics of Chinese giant salamander （Andrias davidianus） in Zhangjiaj
ie Giant Saramander National Nature Reserve were studied from July to August in 2006〖KG-*2〗-
〖KG-*7〗2008. In the study area, the inhabited reaches of A. davidianus were ch
aracterized by moderate altitude (373±97 m), relatively small river width (63
9±213 m) and depth (107±053 m), lithoid substrate with more gravels or r
ocks, irregular river bed, stony river bank with more scrub vegetation and larger cov
erage (>50%), steeper bank gradient (58°±17°), higher water flow rate (033±0
08 m·s-1), and weaker anthropogenic disturbances. There were many burro
ws (4±2 ind·100 m-1) in the habitat, and the water flow rate in the bur
rows were relatively low (022±010 m·s-1). The waters in the habitat
were with high DO (723±085 mg·L-1), low COD (400±251 mg·L-
1), low TN (011±015 mg·L-1), moderate total hardness (13716±67
69 mg·L-1), and lesser coliform groups (3419±3407 ind·L-1)
. Crabs were the most important food organisms affecting the A. davidianus population in the study area, followed by shrimps.

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