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作 者 ：曹世雄¹;陈莉²;余新晓¹

期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2009年 20卷 02期 页码：426-434

摘 要 ：为了解生态修复政策对陕北地区社会经济的影响，2007年通过参与性农户调查方法，研究退耕还林项目对陕北居民生计的影响以及由于生态项目实施引起的农民态度的变化.结果表明：农民接受退耕还林补偿政策，但只有极少数人乐意植树(8.9%)、种草(2.2%). 尽管19.1%的农户表示他们的生计受到了项目的负面影响，63.8%的农户表示支持退耕还林项目，但是高达37.2%的农户表示项目结束后会再次垦荒种粮.由此可见，退耕还林项目恢复的植被在项目结束后有可能被重新开垦为农田，该项目获得的环境成果面临被再次破坏的风险.因此，给予合理的补偿来减少农民经济损失、通过技术进步提高单位土地面积产出、通过技术培训使农村剩余劳动力转移出来是环境修复项目成功的重要保证.

Abstract:To understand the social-economic effects of the policies about ecolo
gical restoration in northern Shaanxi Province of China, an investigation to the
farmers was made in 2007 about the effects of Grain for Green Project (GGP) on
their livelihoods, and the concerns raised by this Project. Most farmers appreci
ated the compensation policy of GGP, but a few of them (89% and 22%, respect
ively) considered the planting of trees and of forage species to be a priority.
Although only 191% of the farmers felt that their livelihoods were adversely a
ffected by the GGP and 638% of the farmers supported the project, a large prop
ortion (372%) still planned to return to cultivating forested areas and grassl
and, once the project was over. Therefore, the vegetations restored by the Proje
ct were at the risk of being converted once more into farmland and rangeland whe
n the Project’s subsidies ended, compromising the sustainability of the Project’s environmental achievements. For the success of the programs about environment
al restoration, the GGP should give rational compensation to the farmers for the
ir costs, make technical progress to increase the output of per unit land, and c
reate jobs and training programs to transfer the rural surplus labor.

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