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中国大陆的梅衣科地衣Ⅶ.缘点梅属



全 文 : 菌物学报
jwxt@im.ac.cn 15 January 2013, 32(1): 51-55
Http://journals.im.ac.cn Mycosystema ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q © 2013 IMCAS, all rights reserved.






*Corresponding author. E-mail: chenjbin@yahoo.com
收稿日期: 2012-09-05, 接受日期: 2012-10-20

中国大陆的梅衣科地衣Ⅶ. 缘点梅属
陈健斌*
中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室 北京 100101


摘 要:最近世界 42 位著名地衣学家和分子生物学家基于分子、形态和化学综合证据承认和接受了梅衣类属群中的
27 个属,影响很大。被承认和接受的 27 属中包括仅由 4 个种组成的、由梅衣属中一亚属提升为属级单位的
Nipponoparmelia。作者首次将 Nipponoparmelia 的汉语名称称为缘点梅属。报道中国缘点梅属 4 种地衣,简述了每个
种的表型特征(形态、化学、分布)。订正了作者以前使用的名称 Parmotrema pustulatum (Elix & Bawingan) O. Blanco,
A. Crespo, Divakar, Elix & Lumbsch,这个种的正确名称应是 Parmotrema neopustulatum Kurok.。
关键词:地衣分类,枝芽缘点梅,缘点梅,小裂片缘点梅,多果缘点梅

Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) lichens in China’s mainland Ⅶ. The
genus Nipponoparmelia
CHEN Jian-Bin*
The State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Abstract: Twenty seven genera in parmelioid lichens are recently accepted by 42 famous lichenologists and molecular
biologists based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence. Of which the genus Nipponoparmelia with 4 species is
included. Four species of this genus from China are reported in the present paper. Diagnostic characters (morphology,
chemistry and distributions) for each species are given. The name Parmotrema pustulatum used by the author in the previous
paper is here corrected as Parmotrema neopustulatum.
Key words: lichen taxonomy, N. isidioclada, N. laevior, N. pseudolaevior, N. ricasolioides


Kurokawa(1994)在梅衣属中建立一新亚
属即 Parmelia subgenus Nipponoparmelia Kurok.
以包容梅衣属中具有边缘生圆形假杯点,仅分
布于亚洲的 3 个种:Parmelia isidioclada Vain.、
Parmelia laevior Nyl.和 Parmelia psudolaevior
Asahina。最近世界 42 位地衣学家和分子生物
学家(Crespo et al. 2010)基于分子、形态和化
学综合证据承认和接受了梅衣类属群中的 27
个属,并建立 1 个新属 Emodomelanelia Divakar
& A. Crespo , 以 及 将 Parmelia subgenus
DOI:10.13346/j.mycosystema.2013.01.015
ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q Mycosystema January 15, 2013 Vol.32 No.1
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52
Nipponoparmelia 提升为属级单位(表 1)。
Nipponoparmelia 包括 4 个种,在原来亚属基础
上增加了 1 个种:N. ricasolioides。Kurokawa
(1994)认为这个亚属的种的分布主要限于日
本是不确切的。早在 1990 年之前已有国外和中
国学者先后零散报道了有关种(Wei 1991),虽
然有的是以某个种的异名记载的。陈健斌(2011)
报道了另外 1 个种。至此,本属地衣包括的 4 个
种在中国均有分布。而且 N. ricasolioides 的模式
产地及其异名的模式产地均在中国(见本文该种
的文献引证)。Nipponoparmelia 是最近从亚属被
提升为属的,考虑到该属地衣的圆形假杯点仅边
缘 生 这 一 重 要 特 征 , 因 此 首 次 将
Nipponoparmelia 的汉语学名称之为缘点梅属。
星点梅属 Punctelia 地衣具有表面生而不是仅边
缘生的略圆点状假杯点,并有不同的地衣化学。
表 1 目前接受的梅衣类属群中的 27 个属名
Table 1 Parmelioid genera accepted by Crespo et al. (2010)

Genus

Genus

Genus
1. Austroparmelina A. Crespo Divakar & Elix K.H. Moon,Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex 24. Relicina (Hale & Kurok.) Hale
2. Bulbothrix Hale A.Crespo et al. 25. Relicinopsis Elix & Verdon
3. Canoparmelia Elix & Hale 16. Parmelia Ach. 26. Remototrachyna Divakar &
4. Cetrariastrum Sipman 17. Parmelina Hale A. Crespo
5. Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. 18. Parmelinella Elix & Hale 27. Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale
6. Emodomelanelia Divakar & A. Crespo 19. Parmelinopsis Elix & Hale = Almbornia Essl.
7. Everniastrum Hale ex Sipman 20. Parmeliopsis (Nyl.) Nyl. = Chondropsis Nyl. ex Cromb.
8. Flavoparmelia Hale 21. Parmotrema A. Massal. = Karoowia Hale
9. Flavopunctelia (Krog) Hale = Canomaculina Elix & Hale = Namakwa Hale
10. Hypotrachyna (Vain.) Hale = Concamerella W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. = Neofuscelia Essl.
11. Melanelixia O. Blanco et al. = Parmelaria D.D. Awasthi = Omphalodiella Henssen
12. Melanohalea O. Blanco et al. = Rimelia Hale & A. Fletcher = Paraparmelia Elix & J. Johnst.
13. Myelochroa (Asahina) Elix & Hale = Rimeliella Kurok. = Placoparmelia Henssen
14. Nesolechia A. Massal 22. Pleurosticta Petrak = Xanthomaculina Hale
15. Nipponoparmelia (Kurok.) K.H. Moon 23. Punctelia Krog
Note: Excluded genera: 1: Allantoparmelia (Vain.) Essl.; 2: Arctoparmelia Hale; 3: Everniopsis Nyl.; 4: Imshaugia S.L.F. Mey.; 5: Melanelia Essl.; 6:
Omphalodium Meyen & Flot.; 7: Omphalora T.H. Nash & Hafeliner; 8: Psiloparmelia Hale. Genera not studied by molecular methods: 1:
Bulborrhizina Kurok.; 2: Parmotremopsis Elix & Hale; 3: Pseudoparmelia Lynge (Crespo et al. 2010).

1 材料与方法
1.1 标本
所有研究标本保存在中国科学院微生物研
究所菌物标本馆地衣部(HMSA-L)。
1.2 形态与解剖
形态观察使用 Zeiss stemi SV6 体视显微
镜。子囊盘结构与孢子,经徒手切片后,置于
光学显微镜( Zeiss Axioscop 40 或 Zeiss
Axioscop 2)下观测。
陈健斌 /中国大陆的梅衣科地衣Ⅶ. 缘点梅属
菌物学报
53
1.3 地衣物质测定
采用标准薄板层析方法(Culberson 1972)。
2 结果与分析
缘点梅属
Nipponoparmelia (Kurok.) K.H. Moon, Y.
Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo et al., Taxon 59:
1749, 2010.
≡ Parmelia subgen. Nipponoparmelia
Kurok., J. Jap. Bot. 69: 121, 1994.
Type species: Nipponoparmelia laevior
(Nyl.) K.H. Moon, Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A.
Crespo et al.
地衣体叶状,较疏松至中度紧密贴于树皮、
岩石;裂片不规则或近二叉式分裂,亚线性,
顶端略圆形或亚平截,1–5mm 宽;上表面淡绿
灰色淡灰褐色,平坦至浅窝洼状,假杯点仅边
缘生,小圆形;上皮层为假薄壁组织构成;髓
层白色;下表面黑色,常有狭窄的褐色周边带,
假根通常直达边缘,与下表面同色,单一至树
杈状分枝。子囊盘常具短柄,果托表面时有假
杯点;子囊中 8 孢,孢子单胞无色,通常
12–17×6–10μm。分生孢子器表面埋生;分生孢
子近柱状,弱纺锤形,5–8μm 长。含有 atranorin
和 salazilic acid。
枝芽缘点梅
Nipponoparmelia isidioclada (Vain.) K.H.
Moon,Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo et al.,
Taxon 59: 1749, 2010.
≡ Parmelia isidioclada Vain., Bot. Mag.
Tokyo 35: 48, 1921; Hale, Smiths. Contr. Bot. 66:
27, 1987.
= Parmelia yasudae Räs., J. Jap. Bot. 16: 84,
1940.
本种的主要特征是具边缘生圆形的假杯
点,裂芽形态变化多端,颗粒状、柱状、珊瑚
状,时有小裂片。裂芽顶端常破裂呈粉芽状态,
以及假根单一至树杈状分枝。本种相似于缘点
梅 N. laevior,但本种边缘生的假杯点很快发育
成裂芽,而 N. laevior 缺乏裂芽。未见中国标本
有子囊盘。文献中记载本种的子囊盘是稀有的,
孢子为 14–17×7–10μm(Kurokawa 1994)。
化学:上皮层 K+黄色,髓层 K+红色,C-,
PD+橙色;含有 atranorin,salazinic acid,常含
有 gyrophoric acid。
基物:树皮(文献记载稀有石生)。
研 究 标 本 : 浙 江 , 天 目 山 , 海 拔
1,000–1,500m,赵继鼎、徐连旺 6158,6228,
6303。云南,中甸,碧鼓林场,3,700m,王先
业等 5857。
国内记载:内蒙古,黑龙江,浙江,江西
(Wei 1991),台湾(Kurokawa & Lai 2001)。
世界分布:阿拉斯加,日本,中国,菲律
宾(Hale 1987;Kurokawa & Lai 2001)。
缘点梅
Nipponoparmelia laevior (Nyl.) K.H. Moon, Y.
Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo et al., Taxon 59:
1749, 2010.
≡ Parmelia laevior Nyl., Lich. Jap.: 28,
1890; Hale, Smiths. Contr. Bot. 66: 28, 1987.
本种是缘点梅属的模式种,主要特征是裂
片边缘具有略圆形白色假杯点,上表面缺乏粉
芽、裂芽,假根单一至树杈状分枝,子囊盘常
见,盘缘上有众多略圆形假杯点,髓层中含有
salazinic acid,有时还含 protocetraric acid。中
国标本有子囊盘,但多次切片未见成熟孢子。
赵继鼎等(1982)记载本种子囊孢子未形成。
Kurokawa ( 1994 ) 记 载 本 种 子 囊 孢 子 为
12–16×6–9μm。缘点梅与小裂片缘点梅 N.
pseudolaevior 的区别在于后者具有大量小裂片;
ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q Mycosystema January 15, 2013 Vol.32 No.1
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54
与枝芽梅衣缘点梅 N. isidioclada 的区别在于后
者具有边缘生裂芽,而本种缺乏裂芽和小裂片。
化学:上皮层 K+黄色;髓层 K+黄色至红
色,C-,PD+ 橙红色;含有 atranorin,salazinic
acid,consalazinic acid,± protocetraric acid。
基物:树皮。
研究标本:吉林,蛟河林场,海拔 950–
1,450m,陈健斌、姜玉梅 1450。湖南,桑植县,
公平山,海拔 1,300m,陈健斌等 9918。浙江,
天目山,海拔 1,300m,赵继鼎、徐连旺 6162;
遂昌县,海拔 1,540m,丁纯 5362。福建,武夷
山,海拔 1,650–1,700m,陈健斌、王胜兰 14385,
14423。广西,临桂县花坪,海拔 460m,陈健
斌等 20218。
国内记载:黑龙江,浙江(Wei 1991),台
湾(Wei 1991;Kurokawa & Lai 2001)。
世界分布:日本,中国,西伯利亚(Hale
1987;Kurokawa 1994)。
小裂片缘点梅
Nipponoparmelia pseudolaevior (Asahina) K.H.
Moon,Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo et al.,
Taxon 59: 1749, 2010.
≡ Parmelia pseudolaevior Asahina, J. Jap.
Bot. 26: 331, 1951.
本种相似于缘点梅 N. laevior,但是本种具
有大量的半直立的和直立的边缘生和表面生小
裂片,0.2–0.8mm 宽,3–6mm 长,小裂片再分
裂,形成小裂片丛。小裂片的上、下表面几乎
同色。由于假杯点边缘生,有时从裂片反面(下
表面边缘)观察边缘生假杯点较清楚。子囊盘
未见。文献记载本种子囊盘稀有,具短柄,孢
子 15–17×10–12µm(Kurokawa 1994)。
化学:上皮层 K+黄色至红色,C-,PD+ 橙
红色;含有 atranorin, salazinic acid, consalazinic
acid。
基物:岩石(文献记载为树生和石生)。
研究标本:安徽,黄山,海拔 1,640m,钱
之广(1767)。
国内记载:安徽(陈健斌 2011)。
世界分布:东亚种。日本,朝鲜(Kurokawa
1994)。
多果缘点梅
Nipponoparmelia ricasolioides (Nyl.) K.H.
Moon, Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo et al.,
Taxon 59: 1749, 2010.
≡ Parmelia ricasolioides Nyl., Flora 52: 135,
1887; Hue, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 34: 20, 1887;
Hale, Smiths. Conntr. Bot. 66: 38, 1987; Type
collection: China. Yunnan, Delavay 1594
(Nylander Herb. no. 35283, lectotype in H;
isolectotypes in PC, TUR). (not seen).
= Parmelia daliensis Zahlbr., in Handel-Mazzetti,
Symb. Sin. 3: 183, 1930. Type collection: China.
Yunnan, Handel-Mazzetti 6582 (lectotype in W;
isolectotypes in TNS, US). (not seen).
= Parmelia daliensis f. tardiva Zahlbr., in
Hadel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 3: 184, 1930;
Zahlbruckner, Hedwigia 74: 208, 1934. Type
collection: China. Sichuan (Setschwan), Muli,
3,700m, 31 July 1915, Handel-Mazzetti 7368
(lectotype in W; isolectotype in HMAS-L).
地衣体比较易破碎;裂片 2–4cm 宽,较
短,顶端稍圆形,缺刻,边缘波状,裂片间紧
密相连至部分重叠;上表面矿灰色至淡灰黄
色,无粉芽和裂芽,假杯点发育微弱,通常难
以见到;子囊盘表面生,稠密,有时聚集,盘
径较小,通常 1–2.5mm,盘缘稍向内缩,较
完整或锯齿状;但几次切片未见成熟孢子。文
献记载本种子囊孢子为 20–24×9–13µm(Hale
1987)。
陈健斌 /中国大陆的梅衣科地衣Ⅶ. 缘点梅属
菌物学报
55
化学:上皮层 K+黄色;髓层 K+黄色至红
色,C-,PD+橙色;含有 atranorin,salazinic acid。
基物:树皮。
研究标本:四川,木里,海拔 3,700m,1915
年 7 月 31 日,Handel-Mazzetti 7368。云南,贡
山,海拔 2,500m,苏京军 2492。
国内记载:四川,云南(Wei 1991)。
世界分布:尼泊尔,印度(Hale 1987)。
订正:作者在本刊发表的“梅衣科八个中国新记录种”
一文中(陈健斌 2011)使用了 1 个不合法名称
Parmotrema pustulatum (Elix & Bawingan) O. Blanco,
A. Crespo, Divakar, Elix & Lumbsch,这个种的正确名
称应是 Parmotrema neopustulatum Kurok. (Kurokawa
2006)。
分种检索表
Key to species
1.假杯点不明显,子囊盘盘径 1–2.5mm·········································································多果缘点梅
Pseudocyphellae inconspicuous, apothecia 1–2.5mm in diameter······························N. ricasolioides
1.假杯点明显,子囊盘盘径 2–7mm································································································· 2
Pseudocyphellae conspicuous, apothecia 2–7mm in diameter ························································ 2
2.具边缘生裂芽 ···············································································································枝芽缘点梅
With marginal isidia ·····································································································N. isidioclada
2.无裂芽和粉芽 ································································································································ 3
Without isidia and soredia ··············································································································· 3
3.具有众多亚直立的小裂片 ························································································小裂片缘点梅
With dense and suberect lobules··············································································N. pseudolaevior
3.缺乏小裂片 ···························································································································缘点梅
Without lobules··················································································································N. laevior

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