全 文 ：ComparativeStudyontheEfectofDiferentFertilizersontheGrowthand
DevelopmentofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don
HANYou-ji1, 2 , LIJin-ping1, 2 , WANGTing-hua1, 2 , ZHANGShu-ling1, 2 , CHENGui-chen2＊
1.NorthwestInstituteofPlateauBiology, theChineseAcademyofSciences, Xining810001;2.GraduateColegeoftheChineseAcademyofSciences, Beijing
100049
Abstract　[ Objective] TheaimwastostudytheefectofdiferenttreatmentsondevelopmentandgrowthofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.[Method] Three
treatments(ureatreatmentgroup, diammoniumphosphatetreatmentgroupandcontrolgroup)weresetintheexperimentwith3replicationstodetectplant
height, rootlength, leafnumber, branchnumber, flowernumberandbiomassofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.inalexperimentalgroups.[Result] Theleaf
number, branchnumber, flowernumberandoutputofcrudedrugofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.inureatreatmentgroupweremorethanthatofHaleniaelipi-
ticaD.Don.indiammoniumphosphatetreatmentgroupandcontrolgroup, however, theplantheightandrootlengthwerenotsignificantlydiferentamongal
groups.[Conclusion] TheureageneratedbeterefectonHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.cultivationthanthatproducedbydiammoniumphosphatetreatment.Keywords　HaleniaellipiticaD.Don.;Medicineculture;Urea;Diammoniumphosphate
Received:June30, 2008　　Accepted:July17, 2008
SupportedbyNationalKeyTechnologyR＆DProgramme(Special
FundforCentralandWesternAreasofChina)“StudyontheTechnologyof
IndustrializationPlantofKeyChineseTibetanHerbalMedicineinTibetan
Plateau”.
＊Correspondingauthor.E-mail:gcchen@nwipb.ac.cn
　　HaleniaelipiticaD.Don., belongingtoHaleniaand
Gentianaceae, isbiyearlyherbplant, whichisoneofconven-
tionalmedicineinTibetanmedicinesystemfortreatingdisea-
sesofliverandgalandmainlydistributedinTibetplateau
area.Theresearchesofchemicalconstituentshavedemonstra-
ted[ 1-6] thatHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.containsmanychemi-
calcomponentssuchasxanthone, triterpenes, flavonoids,
swertiamarin, sweroside, oleanolicacidandsitosterol.The
wildHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.distributeswidelyinTibet
plateauareaandtheresourceisrich, however, theresource
declinesdramaticalybecauseofoverexploitation.Therefore,
artificialintroductionandcultivationofHaleniaelipiticaD.
Don.haveanimportantmeaning, thestudyingteamhasde-
votedtotheartificialintroductionandcultivationofHalenia
elipiticaD.Don.inmanyyears.Atpresent, theintroduc-
tionandcultivationofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.havebeen
successful[ 7] andreceivedpatentgrantedbyStateIntelectual
PropertyOficeofChina.
Theartificialcultivationofmedicinalplantsinvolves
complicatedfieldmanagementmeasures, sohowtomakea
reasonablecultivationschemebasedonphysiologicalcharac-
teristicsandbiologicalcharacteristicstoincreasecultivation
eficiencyandtheoutputofcrudedrugisthecorecontentof
thestudyaboutartificialcultivation.TakingHaleniaelipitica
D.Don.forexample, masteringquantityofilumination,
kindsoffertilizers, waterconditionsduringitsdevelopment
andgrowthperiodareveryimportanttotheoptimizationand
increaseofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.cultivation.Therefore,
theexperimenthasresearchedthegrowthofHaleniaelipitica
D.Don.withdiferentfertilizertreatmentsaimingatprovi-
dingreferenceformanipulatinggoodfertilizingscheme.
MaterialsandMethods
Materials
TheexperimentalseedsofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.
werecolectedfrom wildplantpopulationsofXiningin
HuangriverbasinofQinghaiProvince(altitudewasfrom2
200-2 800m).Beforesowing, theseedswereundergonelow
temperaturetreatmentandexperimentalfertilizerswerediam-
moniumphosphateandurea.
Methods
Experimentaldesign　Theexperimentwasconductedinex-
perimentalfieldsofNorthwestInstituteofPlateauBiologyin
Ping anCounty, QinghaiProvince.0.067 hm2 flatfarmland
wasselectedanddividedinto3 plots, namely, ureatreat-
mentgroup, diammoniumphosphatetreatmentgroupand
controlgroup.Eachtreatmenthad3 replications, sothere
were9 groupsandeveryplotwas222.2 m2.
Fertilizationmode　Thefertilizationwasconductedfrom
2006 to2007.Inthespringof2006, theseedsweresownin3
plotswithsamesowingmethod.Theseedsweregerminateda-
bout30 dlater, thentheseedlinggrewundernaturalcondi-
tion.Thefertilizationwasstartedin2007(themanagement
modeineachgroupwassame)intwice(intheendofApril
andinthemiddleofJune).330 kg/hm2 ureawasfertilized
inureatreatmentgroupand240 kg/hm2 diammoniumphos-
phatewasfertilizedindiammonium phosphatetreatment
groupandnofertilizerwerefertilizedincontrolgroup.
Investigationmethodandcontent　20 Haleniaelipitica
D.Don.ineverytreatmentgroupwereselectedrandomlyto
measureplantheight, rootlength, leafnmber, branchnumber
andfloweringbudnumberintheendofeverymonthfrom
May2007toSeptember2007.
ResultsandAnalysis
Efectsofdiferentfertilizersonplantheight
ItwasconcludedfromFig.1thatthediferencesofplant
heightinaltreatmentgroupswerelitleandtheplantheight
wasbasicalykeptsameingrowthanddevelopmentperiod.
AgriculturalScience＆Technology, 2008, 9(3):137-140
Copyright 2008, InformationInstituteofHAAS.Alrightsreserved. SoilandFertilizer
DOI :10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2008.03.020
FromJunetoJuly, theplantsgrewfastandtheplant
heightofalgroupsreachedmaximumattheendofAugust
whichwereabout100cm, buttheplantheightunchangedin
September.Therefore, therewasnosignificantdiferenceof
plantheightbetweenureatreatmentgroupanddiammonium
phosphatetreatmentgroup.Meanwhile, themiddleofdevel-
opmentandgrowthperiod(August)wastheperiodforin-
creasingheightbuttheincrementofplantheightinprophase
andlaterperiodchangedlitle.
Fig.1　TheefectsofdiferentfertilizersonplantheightofHale-
niaellipiticaD.Don.
Efectsofdiferentfertilizersonrootlength
ItwasconcludedfromFig.2thatthemainrootlengthof
HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.didn tchangedsignificantlyin
wholegrowingseason(thelateralrootincreasedandmain
rootbecamethick).FromMaytoSeptember, themainroot
lengthofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.incontrolgroupwaslon-
gerthanthatofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.infertilized
groups, whichdemonstratedthatureaanddiammoniumphos-
phatedidn tgeneratesignificantinfluenceonrootlengthof
HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.
Fig.2　Theefectsofdiferentfertilizersonmainrootlengthof
HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.
Efectsofdiferentfertilizersonleafnumber
ItwasconcludedfromFig.3thattheleafnumbersinal
treatmentgroupsreachedthemaximumintheendofJuly
thenleavesstartedtoshed.Alleavesfelofintheendof
September.HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.wasturnedgreenin
Mayandthenumberofnewgerminatedleaveswereabout
14.IntheendofJune, theleavesinalgroupswerenotsig-
nificantlydiferentandintheendofJulytheleavesinurea
treatmentgroupwerethemost, whichwasabout200.The
secondmostleaveswereindiammoniumphosphatetreatment
groupandtheseincontrolgroupwereleast.
Fig.3　TheeffectsofdiferentfertilizersonleafnumberofHale-
niaelipiticaD.Don.
Efectsofdiferentfertilizersonbranchnumber
Byfieldobservation, itwasfoundthatthebranchof
HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.inaltreatmentgroupsshowedup
inJune.ItwasconcludedfromFig.4 thatthebrancheswere
themostintheendofJulybutunchangedfromAugustto
Septemberalmostly.ThebranchesofHaleniaelipiticaD.
Don.inureatreatmentgroupweremorethantheseofHalen-
iaelipiticaD.Don.inothertwogroupsfromJunetoSep-
temberandbranchesofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.incontrol
groupwereleast.Theresultdemonstratedthatureaanddiam-
moniumphosphatecouldincreasebranchnumberofHalenia
elipiticaD.Don.andthepromotingefectofureawasstron-
gerthanthatofdiammoniumphosphate.
Fig.4　Theefectsofdiferentfertilizersonbranchnumberof
HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.
Efectsofdiferentfertilizersonflowernumber
Byfieldobservation, itwasfoundthatHaleniaelipitica
D.Don.inalgroupsfloweredinJulyandfruitwasdevel-
opedinAugustandmaturedinSeptember, sofertilizationin-
fluencedlitleonfloweringphenophase, butproducedbigin-
fluenceonflowernumberandseedrate.Itwasconcluded
fromFig.5 thatfruitnumberofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.in
ureatreatmentgroupwasmorethanthatofHaleniaelipitica
D.Don.indiammoniumphosphatetreatmentgroup.There-
sultdemonstratedthatureacouldincreaseseedsetingrateof
HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.whilediammoniumphosphatein-
fluencedlitleonseedrate.
Efectsofdiferentfertilizersonbiomass
Thechangeofbiomaswhichwasrepresentedbydry
weight(thebiomassofsingleplantrepresentedtheoutputof
crudedrug)wasshowninFig.6, Fig.7 andFig.8.Thefast
138 AgriculturalScience＆TechnologyVol.9, No.3, 2008
Fig.5　Theefectsofdiferentfertilizersonflowernumberof
HaleniaellipiticaD.Don.
growingperiodofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.wasfromJuneto
AugustandthemaxgrowthspeedwasinAugust, however, the
biomasdeclinedbecauseleaveswiltedandfelofinthe
endofSeptember.TheweightofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.
wasmainlyinaerialpartofplant, sothechangingtrendsof
abovegroundbiomasandbiomasofwholeplantwerebasi-
calysame.ItwasconcludedfromFig.6 andFig.7 thatthe
changeofundergroundbiomaswasnotassameasthatof
abovegroundbiomass.TheundergroundbiomasofHalenia
elipiticaD.Don.inureatreatmentgroupreachedthemaxi-
mumintheendofAugustwhilethatofHaleniaelipiticaD.
Don.incontrolgroupanddiammoniumphosphatetreatment
groupreachedthemaximumintheendofJuly.Therefore, u-
reacouldpostponeundergroundpartgrowth.Accordingto
abovegroundbiomasandbiomassofwholeplant, ureatreat-
mentgroupwasbiggerthancontrolgroupanddiammonium
phosphatetreatmentgroup, whichdemonstratedthatthepro-
motingefectofureaonundergroundbiomasandbiomasof
wholeplantwasstrongerthanthatofdiammonium phos-
phate.
Fig.6　Theefectsofdifferentfertilizersonabovegroundbio-
massofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.
ConclusionandDiscussion
(1)Theleafnumber, branchnumber, flowernumber
andoutputofcrudedrugofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.inurea
treatmentgroupweremorethantheseofHaleniaelipiticaD.
Don.incontrolgroupandindiammoniumphosphatetreat-
mentgroup, whilebranchnumberofHaleniaelipiticaD.
Don.indiammoniumphosphatetreatmentgroupwasmore
thanthatofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.incontrolgroup.The
experimenthasdemonstratedthattheefectofureaonculti-
Fig.7　Theeffectsofdifferentfertilizersonundergroundbio-
massofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.
Fig.8　Theeffectsofdiferentfertilizersonbiomassofindividual
plant
vationofHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.wasbeterthanthatof
HaleniaelipiticaD.Don.indiammoniumphosphatetreat-
mentgroup.However, ureaanddiammoniumphosphatealso
producedsameefect, forexamplebothofthemgeneratedlit-
tleinfluenceonplantheightandmainrootlength.
(2)Theureaonlycontainsnitrogen, taking46.7% of
thetotalcontentanddiammoniumphosphatecontainsnitro-
genandphosphoruswhichare20% and22.13%respective-
ly.Thenitrogencontentinureaismorethanthatindiammo-
niumphosphate.Theexperimenthasdemonstratedthatthe
promotingefectofureaonHaleniaelipiticaD.Don.growth
wasbeterthanthatofdiammoniumphosphateonHaleniael-
lipiticaD.Don.growthwhichmayberelatedtonitrogencon-
tentinfertilizer.Becausethegradientlevelsoffertilizerhave
notbeensetintheexperiment, thedose-efectrelationship
betweenfertilizerandoutputofcrudedrugshouldbestudied
further.
References
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不同肥料对椭圆叶花锚生长发育的比较研究
韩友吉 1, 2 ,李锦萍 1, 2 ,王延花1, 2 ,张淑玲1, 2 ,陈桂琛 2＊　
(1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 ,青海西宁 810001;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049)
　　通过施用不同肥料研究椭圆叶花锚的生长发育情况 ,进一
步为其制定良好的施肥方案提供参考依据。
1　材料与方法
1.1　材料　供试椭圆叶花锚种子采自青海省湟水流域西宁地
区野生植物居群(海拔 2 200 ～ 2 800 m),播种前经低温条件处
理;供试肥料为尿素、磷酸二铵 。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　试验设计 。试验在青海省平安县西北高原生物研究所
试验基地进行 ,选取平整均一的农田 0.067 hm2 ,平均划分为 3
个小区 ,即设置 3个处理组:尿素处理组 、磷酸二铵处理组 、对照
组 , 3次重复 ,每个小区面积为 222.2m2。
1.2.2　施肥方式 。 2006年春 ,以相同方式在 3个小区播种 ,约
30 d后萌发 ,萌发后任其自然生长。 2007年分 2次施肥(4月底
返青期与 6月中旬花果前期),尿素处理组施尿素 330 kg/hm2 ,
磷酸二铵处理组施磷酸二铵 240 kg/hm2 ,对照组不施任何肥料 。
1.2.3　调查方式及内容 。 2007年 5 ～ 9月的月末分别采集各处
理组的椭圆叶花锚 ,每组随机选取 20株 ,测定其株高 、根长、叶
片数 、分枝数、开花数;阴干后 ,测定其地上与地下生物量 。
2　结果与分析
2.1　不同肥料对植株高度的影响 　各处理组的椭圆叶花锚植
株高度差异较小 ,在生长发育期内变化趋势基本一致 。 6 ～ 7月
株高增长较快 ,各组植株均在 8月末最高 ,达 100 cm左右 , 9月
植株高度基本保持不变 。可见 ,尿素与磷酸二铵对椭圆叶花锚
的株高生长无显著差异 ,同时发现生长发育过程的中期(8月 )
是株高增长期 ,而在前期和后期株高增长变化幅度较小(图见第
138页 Fig.1)。
2.2　不同肥料对根势的影响　各组椭圆叶花锚的主根长度在
整个生长季节内变化不大(侧根增多 ,主根变粗), 5 ～ 9月 ,对照
组椭圆叶花锚的主根长度大于施肥组 ,这表明尿素与磷酸二铵
对椭圆叶花锚根势的影响不显著(图见第 138页 Fig.2)。
2.3　不同肥料对叶片数的影响　各处理组的叶片数量均在 7
月末达最大 ,之后开始脱落 , 9月末全部脱落。 5月椭圆叶花锚
处于返青期 ,各组新萌发的叶片均为 14片左右 , 6月末各组差异
较小 , 7月末尿素处理组的椭圆叶花锚叶片最多 ,达 200片左右 ,
其次为磷酸二铵处理组 ,对照组最少 。可见 ,尿素对椭圆叶花锚
叶片数量的促进作用强于磷酸二铵(图见第 138页 Fig.3)。
2.4　不同肥料对分枝数的影响　经实地观察 ,各处理组的椭圆
叶花锚均在 6月出现分枝 。由图 4(图见第 138页 Fig.4)可知 , 7
月末各处理组的分枝数均达最大 , 8 ～ 9月末几乎保持不变 。 6 ～
9月尿素处理组的分枝数大于其余两组 ,其中以对照组的分枝
数最低 。这表明尿素和磷酸二铵均可增加椭圆叶花锚的分枝数
量 ,且尿素的促进作用强于磷酸二铵 。
2.5　不同肥料对开花数量的影响　经实地观察 ,各处理组的椭
圆叶花锚均在 7月开花 , 8月果实发育 , 9月成熟 ,施肥对开花物
候期的影响较小 ,但对开花或结实数量的影响较大 。 8 ～ 9月末 ,
尿素处理组的椭圆叶花锚果实数均大于对照组与磷酸二铵处理
组 ,这表明尿素可以提高椭圆叶花锚的结实率 ,而磷酸二铵对结
实率的影响较小(图见第 139页 Fig.5)。
2.6　不同肥料对生物量的影响　生物量用干重表示 ,由于各组
处理的栽培密度相同 ,所以单株生物量代表药材产量 。 6 ～ 8月
是椭圆叶花锚地上部分的快速生长期 , 8月末生长速度达最大 , 9
月末叶片枯萎且脱落 ,生物量降低;由于椭圆叶花锚的重量主要
集中在地上部分 ,所以地上生物量与全株生物量的变化趋势基
本一致 。地下生物量(图见第 139页 Fig.6)与地上生物量(图见
第 139页 Fig.7)的变化不同 ,其中尿素处理组椭圆叶花锚的地
下生物量在 8月末达最大 ,而对照组与磷酸二铵处理组在 7月
末最大 ,可见尿素可使椭圆叶花锚地下部分的生长期延后 。就
地上生物量与全株生物量(图见第 139页 Fig.8)而言 ,尿素处理
组大于对照组与磷酸二铵处理组 ,这表明尿素对椭圆叶花锚地
下生物量与全株生物量的促进作用强于磷酸二铵 。
3　结论与讨论
(1)在不同处理条件下 ,尿素处理组椭圆叶花锚的叶片数 、
分枝数 、开花数 、药材产量均大于对照组与磷酸二铵处理组 ,而
磷酸二铵处理组的椭圆叶花锚与对照组相比 ,仅分枝数有明显
增加 。该试验表明 ,尿素对椭圆叶花锚栽培效果优于磷酸二铵 ,
同时 ,二者也存在相同之处 ,表现为二者均对花锚植株高度与主
根长度影响较小 。
(2)尿素中仅含 N元素 , N为 46.7%,磷酸二铵中含 N20%
和 P22.13%,尿素 N含量大于磷酸二铵 。试验结果表明 ,尿素
对椭圆叶花锚生长的促进作用优于磷酸二铵 ,这可能与肥料中
的 N含量有关 。由于该试验未设置施肥量梯度水平 ,所以对施
肥量与药材产量的量效关系有待于进一步研究 。
基金项目　国家科技攻关中西部专项 “青藏高原重要中藏药材产业化种
植技术研究 ”。
作者简介　韩友吉(1976-),男 ,山东安丘人 ,在读博士 ,从事生态学和
药材产业化种植技术研究。＊通讯作者。
收稿日期　2008-06-30　　修回日期　2008-07-17
140 AgriculturalScience＆TechnologyVol.9, No.3, 2008