全 文 ：Cutting Propagation of Rhodoleia championii
Jiyou WU1, 2*, Qijun WU3, Yong CHENG1, 2, Qiu LIU1, 2, Mingjun HUANG1, 2
1. Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China;
2. Hunan Fulin Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410004, China;
3. Hunan Jinlin Forestry Co., Ltd, Taoyuan 415701, China
Supported by Forestry Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province
(XLK201511).
*Corresponding author. E-mail: hnforestry@sina.com
Received: January 22, 2016 Accepted: May 22, 2016A
Agricultural Science & Technology, 2016, 17(7): 1615-1617, 1683
Copyright訫 2016, Information Institute of HAAS. All rights reserved Agronomy and Horticultrue
R hodoleia championii is an ev-ergreen arbor speciesRhodoleia in Hamameli-
daceae. Its tree trunk is high and
straight with spread branches, the tree
is thus elegant, and in addition, it is
evergreen with large bell-like red flow-
er, resulting in very high development
and utilization value in ornamental, ec-
ological protection and timber
prospects [1]. Rhodoleia championii is
distributed in tropical and subtropical
areas in Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi,
Guizhou and Yunnan[1]. It mainly grows
in the forests with an altitude of 200-
600 m, and is also common in land-
scape forests for villages. This tree
species is an intolerance tree species,
which has high soil adaptability and
grows well in the region with a rich wet
thick soil layer and good water
drainage condition. Its twigs are quite
strong and glabrous, and dry twigs are
wrinkled, in color of dark brown. The
leaves are thick and leathery, in the
shape of ovoid, with a length of 7-13
cm and a width of 4.5-6.5 cm, the leaf
apex is obtuse or slightly acuminate,
and the leaf base is broad wedge
shaped; the leaves are triplinerved, the
upper surface is dark green with gloss,
the lower surface is hoary and
glabrous, and dry leaves show many
strumaes; there are 7-8 pairs of side
veins obvious on both surfaces, while
the network veins are not obvious; and
the petiole has a length of 3-5.5 cm.
The capitulum has a length of 3-4 cm
and is always bent; the peduncle has a
length of 2-3 cm, there are 5-6 scale-
like bracts different in size, with the
uppermost ones being larger, the phyl-
lary is oval shaped, and the bracts are
covered with brown pubescent; the ca-
lyx tube is short with a truncate tip; the
petals are spoon shaped with a length
of 2.5-3.5 cm and a width of 6-8 mm,
in color of red; the stamen is equal to
petals in length, and the filament has
no wool; and the ovary is glabrous,
and the style is slightly shorter than the
stamen. The infructescence heads
has a width of 2.5-3.5 cm with 5 cap-
sules; the capsule is ovoid in shape
with a length of 1.2 cm, there is no
persistent style, the pericarp is thin
and woody, and its upper part is
cracked into 4 parts after it is dry; and
the seeds are flat in color of yellowish
brown. The flowering period is from
March to April.
As a good landscape architecture
tree species, the study and application
of Rhodoleia championii have attract-
ed much attention. There are more
and more related reports[2-11], but there
Abstract In order to discuss the cutting propagation effect of Rhodoleia championii,
this study carried out a cutting propagation experiment with tender twigs as experi-
mental materials. The results showed that selecting the cuttings with 2-4 half leaves
could significantly improve the rooting percentage of cuttings; the fungicide carben-
dazim and rooting accelerant GGR6 at different concentrations significantly affected
the rooting percentage of cuttings; and different cutting media also significantly af-
fected the rooting percentage of cuttings.
Key words Rhodoleia championii; Tender twigs; Cuttage; Experiment
红花荷扦插繁殖试验
吴际友 1,2*, 吴其军 3, 程勇 1,2, 刘球 1,2, 黄明
军 1,2 （1. 湖南省林业科学院 ， 湖南长沙
410004；2.湖南富林生物科技有限公司，湖南长
沙 410004；3.湖南金淋林业有限公司 ，湖南桃
源 415701）
摘 要 为探讨红花荷扦插繁殖效应，本试验
以红花荷嫩枝为试验材料 ， 进行扦插繁殖试
验。 试验结果表明，采用带 2～4 个半片叶的嫩
枝进行扦插可显著提高穗条的生根率；同时杀
菌剂多菌灵及生根剂 GGR6 不同浓度对穗条生
根率亦有显著影响；不同扦插基质对穗条扦插
生根率有显著影响。
关键词 红花荷；嫩枝；扦插；试验
基金项目 湖南省林业科技计划项目“观赏树
种新品种引进及繁育技术研究”（XLK201511）。
作者简介 吴际友（1963-），男，湖南桃源人 ，
研究员 ， 主要从事森林 培育 研究 ，E-mail:
hnforestry@sina.com。 *通讯作者。
收稿日期 2016-01-22
修回日期 2016-05-15
DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2016.07.019
Agricultural Science & Technology 2016
were few studies systematically inves-
tigated the cutting propagation of
Rhodoleia championii in China. Hunan
Jinlin Forestry Co., Ltd. carried out an
experiment on the cutting propagation
of Rhodoleia championii in 2014 -
2015, aiming at providing technical
supports for rapid seedling propaga-
tion Rhodoleia championii.
General Situation of Exper-
imental Field
The experimental field is located
in the seedling nursery of Hunan Jinlin
Forestry Co., Ltd, at a longitude of
111° 29′ E and a latitude of 28° 55′ N,
belonging to the transitional area from
mid-subtropical zone to the northern
subtropical zone, in sub-tropical mon-
soon climate. The climate has the
characteristics of four distinctive sea-
sons, obvious dry and wet season,
and an average temperature of 16.5 ℃
over many years. The monthly aver-
age temperature is the lowest in Jan-
uary at 4.5℃ and the highest in July at
28.5 ℃ , the annual average precipita-
tion is 1 437mm, and the annual aver-
age relative humidity is 82%. The an-
nual sunshine duration is 1 529 h, and
the annual average sunshine rate is
5%. The experimental field is hilly land
with an altitude of 160 m, the soil is
quaternary red soil quite heavy with
medium fertility, the pH value is in the
range of 5.0-6.5, and the organic mat-
ter content is in the range of 0.5-2%.
The soil of the land for the experiment
within the seedling nursery was under
the same condition.
Experimental Design
The softwood cutting propagation
experiment of Rhodoleia championii
included four experiments on the
number of leaves on cuttings, the car-
bendazim concentration, the GGR6
concentration and the cutting medium.
Each treatment of each experiment in-
cluded 30 rooting cuttings with 3 repli-
cations, and the experiment adopted a
completely randomized block design.
Experimental 1 on the number of
leaves on cuttings included 4 four
treatments, i.e. 0 leaf, 2 half leaves, 4
half leaves, and with terminal buds;
experiment 2 on the carbendazim con-
centration included 4 treatments, i.e. 0,
400, 600 and 800 mg/kg; experiment 3
on the GGR6 concentration was also
designed with 4 treatments, i.e. 0, 200,
400 and 600 mg/kg; and experiment 4
on the cutting medium had 4 treat-
ments as well, i.e. sterile yellow soil,
peat 1+perlite 1, peat 1+perlite 1 +or-
dinary yellow soil, and peat 2+perlite 1.
Materials and Methods
Experimental materials
The experimental materials were
obtained from the program team of
Hunan Academy of Forestry.
Experimental methods
Treatment of cuttings
The rooting cuttings were required
to be main shoots of new lateral
branches, which had the characteris-
tics of strong growth and normal de-
velopment, and were semi-lignified
and free of diseases and pests. Ac-
cording to the experiment require-
ments, the cuttings had a length of 5-7
cm, and the number of leaves on each
cutting was determined according to
experiment requirements (without leaf,
with 2 half leaves, with 4 half leaves, or
with terminal buds); and the bases of
the cuttings were treated according to
experiment requirements (with car-
bendazim solutions at different con-
centrations; and with a rooting accel-
erant, GGR6 at different concentra-
tions), and the treating time was both 5
min. During cuttage, the plant spacing
and row spacing were 6×10 cm, and
the insertion depth was required to be
a half or more than a half of the length
of the cuttings.
Cutting preparation
The nursery for cuttage should
satisfy the requirements of convenient
drainage and irrigation and rich, loose
and weakly acidic soil. Soil preparation
and sterilization were performed ac-
cording to the conventional soil
preparation method for plantlet nurs-
ery. The cutting bed had a bed width of
80 cm, and the bed furrows had a
width of 35 cm and a depth of 20 cm.
After the soil on the cutting bed was
fine and flat, a layer of clean sieved
sterile yellow soil with a depth of 5 cm
having not been used (except the cut-
ting medium) was laid on the cutting
bed. After the cutting bed was finished,
a sunshade was arranged with a
height of 1.8 m, and the shading per-
centage of the sunshade net was over
50%.
Management after cuttage
Watering, sterilization and moisture
preservation
Each treatment was watered im-
mediately after it was finished to keep
soil wet, and meanwhile, it was neces-
sary to ensure that the cuttings con-
tacted the soil closely, the disinfection
operation was fungus prevention and
sterilization with the main agents in-
cluding carbendazim and thiophanate
methyl which were sprayed in turn at a
concentration of 800 mg/kg to prevent
mildew. After watering and steriliza-
tion, long bamboo canes with a width
of 2 cm were inserted into the two
sides of the cutting bed, forming an
arch shape with a height of 50 cm, and
the formed arch was then covered by a
layer of transparent agricultural film,
the periphery of which was pressed
with soil, so as to ensure a completely
closed environment for preserving
moisture.
Shading for cooling
The purpose of shading was cool-
ing. If the temperature was lower than
30 ℃ , shading could be omitted. The
sunshade had a height of 1.8 m with a
shading percentage over 50% , the
temperature within the cutting bed was
ensured to be lower than 35 ℃ , and
such a high-temperature high-humidity
environment was beneficial to the
rooting of cuttings. The two ends of the
agricultural film were opened at about
120 d after the cuttage of Rhodoleia
championii to allow natural ventilation
for 3 -5 d, and then the film was re-
moved. After October 20, the sun-
shade net could be removed. The soil
humidity in the cutting nursery after
cuttage was checked frequently, and
when the soil became dry, it was nec-
essary to spray the 800 times of car-
bendazim solution and close the cut-
ting bed with the agricultural film timely.
Results and Analysis
Effects of different numbers of
leaves on cuttings (including the
treatment with terminal buds) on
rooting of cutting
Semi-lignified main twigs of lateral
branches were used as rooting cut-
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Agricultural Science & Technology2016
tings, and the 4 treatments were 0 leaf,
2 half leaves, 4 half leaves and with
terminal buds. For each treatment, 90
rooting cuttings were cut with a length
of 7 cm; and before cuttage, cuttings
were sterilized with 800 times of car-
bendazim for 10 min, and the bases
were soaked in a 400 mg/kg GGR6 so-
lution for 5 min. The experimental re-
sults were shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, during cut-
tage, different numbers of leaves on
cuttings significantly affected the root-
ing of cuttings, and the cuttings with 2
half leaves and 4 half leaves exhibited
the rooting percentage of 85.6% and
84.4%, respectively. The cuttings with-
out leaf had a rooting percentage only
of 13.3% , the cuttings with terminal
buds showed the rooting percentage
of 81.1%, and the variance analysis [12]
showed: F =6.19 >F0.05 =3.29 and F =
6.19 >F0.01 =5.42, indicating that there
were very significant differences in the
rooting percentage among the cuttings
with different numbers of leaves. It
could be known from multiple compar-
isons[12] that there were very significant
differences among the cuttings without
leaf, the cuttings with 2 half leaves, the
cutting with 4 half leaves and the cut-
tings with terminal buds. Therefore,
during softwood cuttage of Rhodoleia
championii, selecting cuttings with 2 or
4 half leaves could significantly im-
prove rooting percentage.
Effects of carbendazim at different
concentrations on rooting of cut-
tings
This experiment adopted a com-
pletely randomized block design, and
was designed with 4 carbendazim con-
centrations, i.e. 0, 400, 600 and 800
mg/kg, and the cuttings cut according
to experimental requirements (each
having 2 half leaves, with a length of 8
cm) were completely immersed in the
carbendazim solutions at different
concentrations. For each treatment, 90
standard cuttings were soaked in cor-
responding solution for 10 min. The
experimental results showed that the
rooting percentages of cuttings were
significantly different after the treat-
ment with carbendazim at different
concentrations (as shown in table 2).
Therefore, before cuttage, cuttings
must be subjected to sterilization
which could significantly affect the
rooting percentage of cuttings of
Rhodoleia championii.
Effects of GGR6 at different con-
centrations on rooting of cuttings
This experiment adopted a com-
pletely randomized block design, and
was designed with 4 GGR6 concentra-
tions, i.e. 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg.
The cuttings cut according to experi-
mental requirements (each having 2
half intact leaves, with a length of 8
cm, 360 standard cuttings in total)
were all immersed in a 600 mg/kg car-
bendazim solution and soaked for 10
min, then the bases of the cuttings
were soaked with GGR6 solutions at
different concentrations for 5 min ac-
cording to experiment requirements,
and the results showed that there were
significant differences in the rooting
percentage of cuttings after the treat-
ment with GGR6 at different concen-
trations (as shown in table 3), i.e., the
rooting ability of Rhodoleia championii
was affected by the GGR6 rooting ac-
celerant.
Effects of different cutting media on
rooting of cuttings
This experiment adopted a com-
pletely randomized block design, and
was designed with 4 cutting media, i.e.
sterile yellow soil, peat 1 + perlite 1,
peat 1 + perlite 1 + ordinary yellow soil
1, and peat 2 + perlite 1. The media
were sieved and directly laid on the
cutting bed. For each medium, there
were 3 replications, each of which was
performed by laying corresponding
medium with a length 25 cm with a
height of 5-6 cm. The cuttings cut ac-
cording to experimental requirements
(each having 2 half intact leaves, with
a length of 8 cm, 360 standard cuttings
in total) were all immersed in a 600
mg/kg carbendazim solution and
soaked for 10 min, and then the bases
of the cuttings were soaked with a 400
mg/kg GGR6 solution for 5 min. The
experimental results were shown in
Table 4.
As shown 4, cutting media signifi-
cantly affected the rooting of cuttings,
and the cutting media sterile yellow
soil and peat 1 + perlite 1 + ordinary
yellow soil 1 exhibited the rooting per-
centages of 80.0% and 81.1% . The
variance analysis[12] showed: F=7.05>
F0.05=3.29, and F=9.22>F0.01=5.42, indi-
cating that effects of different cutting
media on the rooting rate of cuttings
Table 1 Effects of different numbers of leaves on cuttings (including the treatment with
terminal buds) on rooting of cutting (comprehensively from 3 replications)
0 leaf 2 half leaves 4 half leaves With terminal buds
Number of cuttings 90 90 90 90
Number of rooted cuttings 12 77 76 73
Rooting percentage//% 13.3 85.6 84.4 81.1
Table 2 Effects of carbendazim at different concentrations on rooting of cuttings
(comprehensively from 3 replications)
0 mg/kg 400 mg/kg 600 mg/kg 800 mg/kg F value
Number of cuttings 90 90 90 90 F=5.92
Number of rooted cuttings 36 70 75 77 F0.05=3.29
Rooting percentage//% 40.0 77.8 83.3 85.6 F0.01=5.42
Table 3 Effects of GGR6 at different concentrations on rooting of cuttings
(comprehensively from 3 replications)
0 mg/kg 200 mg/kg 400 mg/kg 600 mg/kg
Number of cuttings 90 90 90 90
Number of rooted cuttings 38 70 75 75
Rooting percentage//% 42.2 77.8 83.3 83.3
Table 4 Effects of different cutting media on rooting of cuttings (comprehensively from 3
replications)
Sterile
yellow soil Peat 1 + perlite 1
Peat 1+ perlite 1+
ordinary yellow soil±1
Peat 2 +
perlite 1
Number of cuttings 90 90 90 90
Number of rooted cuttings 72 51 73 52
Rooting percentage//% 80.0 56.7 81.1 57.8 (Continued on page 1683)
1617
Agricultural Science & Technology2016
Responsible editor: Yingzhi GUANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
were very significantly different. Taking
cost benefit into consideration, the
sterile yellow soil as the medium for
softwood cutting propagation of
Rhodoleia championii is more ideal.
Conclusion and Discussion
Due to that the photosynthesis in
leaves could produce substances ca-
pable of promoting growth and rooting,
the reservation of a proper amount of
leaves could significantly improve the
rooting rate of young cuttings of
Rhodoleia championii.
Fungi are a factor crucial to the
rooting of young cuttings of Rhodoleia
championii. Sterilization significantly
affected the rooting percentage of
young cuttings of Rhodoleia champi-
onii. For the cost factor, the carben-
dazim solution at a concentration of
600 mg/kg is the best.
Treating cuttings of Rhodoleia
championii with the GGR6 rooting ag-
ent at different concentrations signifi-
cantly affected the rooting rate of cut-
tings. It is to say that the rooting ability
of Rhodoleia championii was affected
by the treatment with the GGR6 root-
ing agent.
Sterile yellow soil is the best for
the reasons of sterility and good mois-
ture retention performance, and could
achieve a better effect as the cutting
medium for softwood cuttage of
Rhodoleia championii.
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with deteriorating air pollution and rel-
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on landscape elements for rehabilita-
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eco-environment conservation. More
convenient of sightseeing should be
guaranteed provided wetland environ-
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display urban wetland culture.
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