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A Newly Recorded Species of Verbena Linn. in China

中国马鞭草属的新记录——长苞马鞭草



全 文 :植物学通报 2005, 22 (1): 32~34
Chinese Bulletin of Botany
①通讯作者。Author for correspondence. E-mail: wangqing80@126.com
收稿日期:2004-03-24 接受日期:2004-11-03 责任编辑:孙冬花
实 验 简 报
中国马鞭草属的新记录——长苞马鞭草
1,2,3王 青① 2李 艳 2陈 辰
1(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室 北京 100093)
2(辽宁师范大学生命科学学院 大连 116029)
3(中国科学院研究生院 北京 100039)
摘要 长苞马鞭草(Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & J. D. Rodriguez)原产北美。2001年春天我们首次在中
国大连的马兰水库发现该种植物,它丛生或与其他植物混生,形态与原产地的种一样;因为其苞片通常
大、显著且比花萼明显的长,易和原产中国的唯一马鞭草属的V. officinalis L.区分开。
关键词 马鞭草属, 长苞马鞭草, 新记录, 中国
A Newly Recorded Species of Verbena Linn. in China
1,2,3WANG Qing① 2LI Yan 2CHEN Chen
1(Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093)
2(College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029)
3(Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039)
Abstract Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & J. D. Rodriguez is a well-known native in North America.
In spring 2001, it was found for the first time growing thickly by itself or among other species of plants
in the wasteland near Malan reservoir of Dalian, northeastern China. The morphology appears to be
similar to that of the original species. Since its floral bractlets are often large, conspicuous and much
longer than the calyx, V. bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & J. D. Rodriguez can be easily distinguished from V.
officinalis L., only one species native in China.
Key words Verbena Linn., V. bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & J. D. Rodriguez, Newly recorded species,
China
2001年春夏我们在大连郊外采集期间,
发现了一种《中国植物志》没有收录的野生
马鞭草科植物——长苞马鞭草Verbena bracte-
ata Cav. ex Lag. & J. D. Rodriguez。现报道如下:
长苞马鞭草 新拟 图1
Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & J. D.
Rodriguez in Anales Ci. Nat. 4: 260. 1801; J. A.
Steyermark in Fl. Missouri 1260. 1963; W. C. Mar-
tin in Fl. New Mex. 1689. 1981; A. Cronquist et al.
in InterMt. Fl. 4: 294. 1984; G. M. Diggs. Jr. in Illus.
Fl. NC. Tex. 1056. 1999; H. J. Scoggan in Fl. Can. 4:
1295. 1978.——V. bracteosa Michs. in Fl. Boreali-
332005 王 青等: 中国马鞭草属的新记录——长苞马鞭草
Amer. 2: 13. 1803.
Stem mostly decumbent; leaves deeply
incised, pinnatifid, or 3-cleft; spikes at the apices
of stems and branches; floral bractlets usually
much longer than the calyx, mostly very large,
consp icuous , and fo l iaceous ; f lowers
inconspicuous. But V. officinalis L. is the only
one native species of the genus in China. Stems
slender, ascending or erect; leaves once or twice
pinnatifid, 2-5-cleft, or deeply incised; spikes very
slender, paniculately disposed or even solitary,
elongate; floral bractlets usually about half as long
as the calyx, not conspicuous (Gleason, 1974).
一年生或短暂的多年生;直根;茎丛
生,平卧或外倾,长 10~60(70) cm,具伸展
的粗毛;小植株极少是茎单生且直立;叶对
生,披针形至卵状披针形,具糙伏毛,大多
数叶柄因叶片下延具翼,叶片通常长1(2)~5(7)
cm,宽0.3(1)~2.5(3) cm,具不规则的齿和裂,
通常下部有1或2对羽状裂片,与顶部较大的
图 1 长苞马鞭草(王青,陈辰 2001052203, LNNU)
Fig. 1 Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & J.D.Rodriguez (Wang and Chen 2001052203, LNNU)
34 22(1)
裂片明显不同;穗状花序常生于茎和枝的顶
部,长 2~20 cm;花序上的苞片,线状披针
形,全缘,长 5~15 mm,具粗毛;花萼长
2.5~4.0 mm,具粗毛,萼裂短且靠合;花冠
不显著,5裂,几乎被苞片覆盖,浅蓝色至
淡紫色,很少白色,冠筒长约 4 mm,在其
喉部内侧的上方有细的柔毛,冠檐宽 2 ~ 3
mm;雄蕊 4,着生于冠筒的中部,2枚在上,
2枚在下,花药卵形,花丝极短,花药几乎
直接着生在花冠上;子房 2心皮合生,4室,
每室 1 胚珠;花柱 1,柱头 2;果实成熟时
包在萼内,分成 4 个小坚果,小坚果线形,
长 2.0~2.5 mm,黄色至红褐色,合生面密被
白色或黄色小的乳突,外侧上半部有明显的
网状突起,下半部是细条状突起。花期 5~9
月。果期 6~10月。2n=14, 28。
China. Liaoning(辽宁): Dalian(大连), grow-
ing in the wasteland near Malan reservoir(马栏水
库), alt. 23 m(海拔23 m), 2001-05-22 , Q. Wang(王
青) and C. Chen(陈辰) 2001052203(LNNU)。
此种原产北美洲(加拿大南部、美国和墨
西哥)路边、田野、牧场、过度放牧的草原、
荒地、空旷的斜坡、人行道的地砖缝中以及
碎石或沙质的开阔地,海拔可达 2 700 m
(Cronquist et al., 1984)。国内外目前均未见到
有关栽培或引种该植物的报道。2001年我们
在大连马栏水库库区内的贫瘠开阔地上发现此
种;以单纯成片种群出现,数十株在一起,
或与其他植物混生;其形态特征与原产地的
几无差异。至今我们仍在继续关注它的动态。
致谢 本文撰写、标本鉴定和拟名得到了
中国科学院植物研究所李振宇先生帮助。
作者表示衷心感谢!
Cronquist A, Holemgren AH, Holemgren NH, Reveal JL,
Holemgren PK (1984) Intermountain Flora. The New
York Botanical Garden, New York, 4: 294
Gleason HA (1974) The New Britton and Brown Illus-
参 考 文 献
trated Flora of the Northeastern United States and
Adjacent Canada. Hafner Press, a Division of Macmillan
Publishing Co, INC, New York, 3: 126-133