On Historical Elements and Tertiary Precursors of Eastern Asiatic Angiospermous Flora—Based on Phytogeogrophy of Staphyleaceae, Morinaceae and Caprifoliaceae
Although five types of floristic elements are generally recognized in the historical plant geography,namely geographical element,genetic element,migration element,historical element and ecological element,it is impossible to analyze all of them because of insufficiency of paleogeographical,paleoclimatic and paleobotanical data now.In this paper an attempt is made to present one aspect of the florogeny of eastern Asiatic flora based on an analysis of the historical elements of Staphyleaceae,Morinaceae and Caprifoliaceae.All the genera but autochthonous Leycesteria and Zabelia belonging to the three aforementioned families and distributed in this interesting floristic region are tentatively grouped into three categories:the boreal Tertiary element-Lonicera,Kolkwitzia,Weigela and Triosteum;
the Tethyan Tertiary element——Acanthocalyx,Morina,Cryptothladia,Euscaphis,Symphoricarpos,Abelia,Linnaea,Dipelta and Heptacodium;and the boreotropical element-Turpina,Staphylea and Tapiscia.Takhtajan‘s concepts of the boreal Tertiary flora and the Tethyan Tertiary flora are followed here,while the conception of boreotropical flora is just the same as that of Wolfe.It means that eastern Asiatic angiospermous flora has three Tertiary precursors. In the present paper the Miocene is theoretically considered to be a period forming the division between paleoendemic and neoendemic genera of flowering plants in eastern Asiatic flora. In general, the genera appearing before the Miocene are recognized as