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作 者 ：吴楠,苏德毕力格,高吉喜*,Driss Ennaanay,Guillermo F. Mendoza,罗遵兰,李岱青,田美荣

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 7期 页码：1734~1743

关键词：水环境非点源污染；集水区；水文敏感区；关键污染源区；植被移除磷素量；经济价值；

Keywords:nonpoint source pollution of aquatic environment, watershed, Hydrological Sensitive Area (HSA), Critical Source Areas (CSA), the quantity of phosphorus that were prevented from entering the water environm,

摘 要 ：以ArcGIS9.2为平台，构建了生态系统减轻集水区出口受纳水体非点源污染服务物质量和价值量评估模型。包括模拟集水区范围，根据各种土地利用/覆被类型的污染物质输出及过滤污染能力系数，沿汇流路径，模拟集水区内每个栅格像元被植被移除而未进入水环境的污染物质量空间分布特征。价值量模型结合期望水质标准和净化污染物的边际成本进行计算。以磷素作为指示污染物，在二滩水库的集水区进行了模型的运用。结果表明：二滩水库集水区南部的河道附近是水文敏感区。其中盐源县腹地的农作区、西昌市与冕宁县，以及集水区最北端的称多县、中部的甘孜县等部分地区是是磷素关键污染源区。2000年被集水区生态系统过滤移除而未进入水环境的磷素污染物质总量达到978.90 t?a-1，占关键污染源区指数总量的81.88%。林地生态系统服务价值贡献率最高。2000年集水区生态系统对于减轻其出口受纳水体磷素非点源污染服务的总价值为1370.18万元。

Abstract:Based on the integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) software package, ArcGIS9.2, a model was established to simulate an ecosystem service of avoiding the receiving waters of watershed from nonpoint source pollution and its economic value. The model included fabricating the watershed of the study reservoir. The pollutant loading coefficient and vegetation filtering coefficient of different land use/cover types were used to simulate the spatial patterns of the annual quantity of the pollutant that were prevented from entering the water environment by the vegetation in each cell followed the flow path in watershed. The economic value of the ecosystem service in this model was determined by the expected water quality standard and marginal cost of purifying pollutant. This study chose phosphorus as a pollutant surrogate and took the Ertan reservoir as an example. The results showed that the region beside the riverway in the south of watershed was the high hydraulic connectivity area. The farmland in Yanyuan county, the Xichang city and Mianning county as well as certain regions in Chengduo county in northernmost watershed, Ganzi county in central watershed were phosphorus critical source areas(CSA). In 2000, the total of phosphorus that were prevented from entering the reservoir by vegetation in watershed was 978.90 t?a-1. It occupied 81.88% of the total CSA index. The contribution ratio of the forest to this ecosystem service value was higher than those of the other contributors on a per unit area basis. The total value of this service that avoided the receiving waters from phosphorus pollution was 1370.18×104Yuan in 2000.

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