作 者 ：刘珍环,李猷,彭建*
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 21期 页码：5983~5993
Keywords:landscape component, stream water quality, threshold,
摘 要 ：土地利用/覆被变化产生的区域生态环境负面效应已引起国内外研究者的广泛关注，其中，河流水质对景观组分变化的响应已在区域及更大尺度的研究中，成为热点。探讨河流水质的景观组分阈值，可以弥补非点源污染研究在区域尺度上的景观变化影响水质问题研究中的不足，而这是当前流域水环境管理及土地利用规划与管理的主要依据之一。从景观组分指数与水质指标出发，分析了当前研究的常用指标，认为：具有明确物理意义的景观组分指数，如不透水表面指数、植被指数等，受到水质的景观组分阈值研究的青睐；在水质指标中，水化学指标应用最为广泛，同时，表征水生生态系统条件的如生物类指标、综合生物类与非生物类指标，也逐渐受到重视，方兴未艾。尽管河流水质的景观组分阈值是当前的研究重点，但在区域以及更大尺度上，阈值的差异较大。在今后的研究中，水质退化的景观组分阈值还需在研究尺度、水质指标及阈值标准等问题上进一步深化，而景观格局指数的应用将会促进对水质退化受景观组分空间配置影响的研究。对水质的景观组分阈值研究进行综述，可以为区域尺度上开展水质保护、流域水环境管理及土地利用规划提供前沿信息。
Abstract:This review aims to provide the frontier information of relationship between landscape change and water quality in order to obtain more attention of domestic researchers in this field, and to make a theoretical foundation of the case study in the future. The negative impacts of land use/cover change on regional ecological environment quality have been widely discussed throughout the world and have generated many debates in numerous valuable researches. In addition, the impacts of landscape component on water quality have become the specifically research hot spot in the regional and larger scale. It is necessary and valuable to discuss the issue of landscape threshold for two important reasons. On the one hand, the research of landscape threshold of water quality is beneficial for the further research of land use/cover change impact on water quality at regional scale; on the other hand, it helps the researchers and government officials to understand the scientific bases of water quality management, land use planning and management. This paper summarized landscape components indicators and water quality indicators used to analyze the relationship between landscape change and stream water quality. The landscape components indicators, such as impervious surface area (ISA), Vegetation index, and land use/cover categories components, are widely used to represent landscape component in watershed, which can effectively express urban land, agriculture land and forest land. The researchers usually prefer to use those indicators with physical meanings such as ISA and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).There are four kinds of indicators to represent stream water quality, which are physical indicators, chemistry indicators, biological and integrated chemical indicators and biological indicators. Chemical indicators are still the most popular indices because they could be obtained conveniently and economically. Meanwhile, those indicators which could indicate aquatic ecosystems conditions such as biological indicators, Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) are also extensively used. The current researches of the relationship between landscape change and stream water quality focused on threshold value, however, at the regional and larger scale, the threshold varied greatly because of the geographical background differences of study areas. In the further study, the researches of landscape component threshold of degraded water quality should be enhanced from three aspects, (1) the research scale, (2) water quality indicators, and (3) the criterion of threshold. The application of landscape pattern indicators in landscape component threshold will promote the research about how landscape spatial pattern will influent stream water quality, which is the key issue in the field of water quality protection, water environment management and watershed land use planning at the regional and larger scale.
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