摘 要 ：随着道路的不断建设，道路网络对自然生态环境的影响效应日益显著，众多生态学家开始从道路网络与自然景观的空间位置入手，研究不同组织形式的道路网络对自然生态系统产生的不同影响，从而探讨生态最优化的道路网络组织模式。旨在研究浙江省的干线公路网络对自然生态环境造成的影响，从而探讨生态最优化的道路网络组织模式。总结了道路网路理论的最新研究进展，介绍了由R. T. T. Forman和J. A. G. Jaeger提出的两个道路网络影响模型；随后运用Forman教授的道路网络理论分析了浙江省干线公路网络对森林景观的破碎化影响，并运用公路影响阈值分析方法对破坏较为严重的森林景观斑块进行了更为深入的分析，结果表明：国道、省道网络侵占的森林面积较大，对森林生态服务功能的发挥有着较大的影响；高速公路网络则使得森林景观斑块严重降级和破碎，极大地影响着生物多样性的保护。若按照目前的公路规划，到2020年底，由国道、省道和高速公路共同形成的道路网络将对浙江省的森林景观系统造成严重破坏；最后，对浙江省公路网络的布局提出了5点调整建议。
Abstract:With the rapid expansion of transportation corridors in extent and density, the ecological effects of road networks also have become increasingly extensive and intensive. A number of recent ecological studies have investigated the structure and spatial pattern of different kinds of road networks and their various effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning on local and regional scales. Attempts have also been made to explore the ecologically optimal structure of road networks. This paper examines the impact of road networks on the natural environment in Zhejiang Province and provides several suggestions for developing an ecologically optimal transportation network. First, we introduce the road network theory, particularly the two theories proposed by R.T.T. Forman and J.A.G. Jaeger, respectively. Then, we use Forman′s theory and the minimum buffer width method to analyze the fragmentation effects of different types of road systems on forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province. Our results show that national and provincial roads cut through and took up much space in forests, causing severe impacts on the ecological functions of forest ecosystems. Highways also seriously fragmented the forests and reduced the native biodiversity. We project that, at the end of year 2020, the network of national roads, provincial roads, and highways will cause even greater damage to the forest ecosystems if no measures against this road encroachment are to be taken soon. Finally, we propose five specific ways of improving the development of road networks in Zhejiang Province.