作 者 ：刘丙万,张博,钱执强,金崑,刘松涛
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 13期 页码：3536~3544
关键词：蒙原羚；达赉湖；蒙古国东方省；食性分析；食物相似性；
Keywords:Mongolia gazelle, Dalai Lake area, Eastern Province of Mongolia, summer food composition, food overlap,
摘 要 ：2008年7—8月，收集了内蒙古达赉湖地区和蒙古国东方省蒙原羚的新鲜粪便，采用粪样显微组织学分析法研究了蒙原羚的夏季食性。研究结果如下：(1）内蒙古达赉湖地区夏季植物群落在植被盖度、地上生物量、植物种数方面与蒙古国东方省差异均不显著；在内蒙古达赉湖地区和蒙古国东方省共采集常见植物18科43属63种；(2）内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚共采食10科19属22种植物，蒙古国东方省蒙原羚共采食11科24属29种植物；(3）禾本科植物是内蒙古达赉湖地区和蒙古国东方省蒙原羚夏季主要食物，分别占蒙原羚食物组成的79.1%和73.2%；禾本科植物中的羊草、针茅是内蒙古达赉湖地区和蒙古国东方省蒙原羚的主要食物，分别占蒙原羚食物组成的63.6℅和57.7%；(4）内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚夏季食物组成生态位宽度Bj=2.0，蒙古国东方省蒙原羚夏季食物组成生态位宽度Bj=2.3；(5）内蒙古达赉湖地区与蒙古国东方省蒙原羚的食物相似性指数PS=0.7；(6）内蒙古达赉湖蒙原羚与蒙古国东方省蒙原羚主要食物秩相关性检验显著相关（P<0.05），相关性系数0.6。研究表明尽管内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚主要在草原围栏内活动，但与蒙古国东方省蒙原羚的夏季食性显著相似，这表明有限的活动范围没有对蒙原羚夏季食性产生显著影响。
Abstract:To evaluate the effect of the fence to Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa), we carried out the research on summer food habits of the Mongolian gazelles, using micro-histological analysis of the fresh feces, which were collected in Dalai Lake area of the Inner Mongolia, China and in the Eastern Province of Mongolia from July to August 2008. The results were as follows: (1）The vegetation coverage was (58.0±3.6)%, the aboveground biomass was (73.2±9.7)g/m2, the number of plant species was (17.5±3.5) in Dalai Lake area of the Inner Mongolia, China; The vegetation coverage was (68.2±5.0)%, the aboveground biomass was (76.1±6.9)g/m2, the number of plant species was (17.2±4.5) in the Eastern Province of Mongolia. Independent samples t-tests of the vegetation coverage, the aboveground biomass and the number of plant species were all non-significant between the two areas; We totally identified 18 plant families, 43 plant genus, 63 plant species in the two areas; (2) We collected 41 fresh fecal samples in Dalai Lake area and 37 fecal samples in the Eastern Province. Our results showed Mongolian gazelles in Dalai Lake area foraged on 10 plant families, 19 plant genus, 22 plant species, while living in Eastern Province of Mongolia foraged on 11 plant families, 24 plant genus,29 plant species; (3）The plants of the Gramineae were the main food of the Mongolian gazelles, occupied 791% and 73.2% of their diets respectively in the Dalai Lake area and the Eastern Province. The percentage of the Leguminosae foraged by Mongolian gazelles in the Eastern Province (10.0%) was higher than that in Dalai Lake area (30%). The percentage of the Chenopodiaceae foraged by Mongolian gazelles in Eastern Province was 2.7%, however, in Dalai Lake area, Chenopodiaceae was not foraged. There are 3 same plants species in the top 5 of the plants foraged by Mongolian gazelles by the proportion between the two areas. The proportion of Leymus chinensis and Stipa sp., Gramineae, were the main feeding species, occupied 63.6% and 57.7% respectively in the two areas; Eragrostis Beauv was the third in the food composition of the Mongolian gazelles in Dalai Lake area (5.8%), while 0.2% in Eastern Province. Medicago falcata Leguminosae was the fourth in the food composition of the Mongolian gazelles in Eastern Province (6.8%), as well as the species was not foraged in Dalai Lake area；(4) The niche breadth (Bj) of Mongolian gazelles’ summer food composition in Dalai Lake area was 2.0 and that in the Eastern Province was 2.3; (5) The index of percent similarity (PS) of Mongolian gazelles′ summer diets was 0.7 between the two areas; (6) the major food rank was significantly correlated between the two areas, and the Spearman′s correlation coefficient reached 0.6 (p < 0.05). We concluded that though the Mongolian gazelles in Dalai Lake area were mainly restricted to limited grassland by the fence, the food composition was still significantly similar to that of Eastern Province of Mongolia. Ours research showed that the habitat restriction had no significant effect on the summer food habits of the Mongolian gazelles.
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