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作 者 ：刘爽，,严昌荣*,何文清,刘勤

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 11期 页码：2919~2924

关键词：旱地；耕作措施；土壤呼吸；土壤温度；土壤湿度；

Keywords:dryland, tillage treatment, soil respiration, soil temperature, soil moisture,

摘 要 ：为探讨耕作措施对旱地农田土壤呼吸的影响，采用动态气室法在山西寿阳地区对秸秆还田、免耕覆盖、浅旋耕、常规耕作4种耕作措施下玉米生长季土壤呼吸及影响因子进行了测定和分析。结果表明，4种耕作措施下土壤呼吸速率的日和季节变化规律明显，均呈单峰型，呼吸速率的日峰值出现在11：30-13：30，呼吸速率的季节峰值出现在7月上旬至中旬。浅旋耕、秸秆还田、常规耕作、免耕覆盖措施整个生长季平均土壤呼吸速率分别为2.82、2.77、2.64μmolCO2?m-2?s-1和2.49μmolCO2?m-2?s-1，处理间无显著差异。研究结果还显示土壤温度和湿度是影响旱地农田土壤呼吸的主要因子，二者分别解释了土壤呼吸季节变化的55%-78%，20%-43%。4种措施下土壤呼吸的温度敏感系数Q10值在2.19-3.07之间，大小依次为免耕覆盖＞浅旋耕＞秸秆还田＞常规耕作。对水分的敏感性依次为免耕覆盖＞秸秆还田＞浅旋耕＞常规耕作。

Abstract:In this study, we measured the soil respiration rate with a closed chamber method under 4 different tillage treatments, which are all straw returned and incorporated by tillage (ASRT), no-till with straw mulching (NTSM), shallow rotary till treatment (SRT) and conventional tillage (CT), in Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station. We conducted these investigations the effects of these four tillage managements combined with other the factors on soil respiration rate during the growth period for maize. The results showed that soil respiration rates have daily and seasonal regular changes under all tillage treatments, which showed a single peak curve. The daily maximum of soil respiration rate occurred at 11:30-13:30, and the maximum value of seasonal soil respiration rate occurred from the first to middle of July. During the growth period, the average of soil respiration rates of the SRT，ASRT，NTSM and CT were 2.82, 2.77, 264 and 2.49 μmolCO2?m-2?s-1 respectively. The result also indicated that soil temperature and moisture are two key factors that affect the soil respiration rate in the dryland field, which could explain 55%-78%，20%-43% of the seasonal variation, respectively. The Q10 of four treatments were 2.19-3.07 and NTSM＞SRT＞ASRT＞CT. The water sensitivity is NTSM＞ASRT＞SRT＞CT.

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