---

作 者 ：曾坤玉,胡飞,陈玉芬,陈建军,孔垂华

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 1期 页码：260~266

关键词：福寿螺；入侵植物；取食；乙醇提取物；毒杀；

Keywords:Ampullaria gigas, invasive plants, ethanol extracts, killing active,

摘 要 ：实验室内观察了福寿螺在其主要危害对象水稻,及与其同源地的入侵植物五爪金龙、马缨丹、胜红蓟和蟛蜞菊５种植物新鲜叶片间聚集数量差异,结果显示:15min后福寿螺在距离其约75cm 的5种植物叶片聚集数产生了显著的差异，但75min内福寿螺在5种植物叶片间聚集的数量不稳定，75min后的聚集数趋于稳定，5种植物叶片上聚集福寿螺数由多到少顺序为蟛蜞菊、马缨丹、水稻、胜红蓟和五爪金龙。福寿螺取食水稻幼苗的量较大，显著高于取食另4种植物新鲜叶片的量，福寿螺取食4种与其同源地植物叶片量由小到大的顺序为：五爪金龙、蟛蜞菊、胜红蓟和马缨丹。不同浓度4植物乙醇提取物水溶液对福寿螺毒杀作用差异显著，乙醇提取物饱和水溶液致福寿螺100%死亡的时间由短到长的顺序为：五爪金龙48h, 蟛蜞菊72h, 胜红蓟和马缨丹均为96h,按常规施用量化学农药密达100%毒杀福寿螺的时间为118h。综合结果表明五爪金龙具有开发出既能有效防治福寿螺又不影响水稻生长和稻田环境材料的潜力。

Abstract:In order to assess effects of 4 invasive plants, namely, Ipomoea cairica, Lantana camara, Ageratum conyzoides, and Wedelia trilobata from the same origin area of golden snail (IPSOAGS) on its behavior and killing activity, the golden snails congregating number (GSCN) and eating weight among the fresh leaves of 4 IPSOAGS and 3-4 leaf stage Oryza sativa(rice) seedlings were investigated. GSCN among 4 selected IPSOAGS and rice seedlings showed significant differences in the distance about 75cm after 15 mins, but the GSCN were stable after 75 mins, and the GSCN from larger to small were W. trilobata, L. camara, rice, A.conyzoides, and I. cairica. Golden snail eating weight of rice seedling was significantly higher than that of 4 IPSOAGS leaves, and the golden snail eating weight from small to large were rice, I. cairica, W. trilobata A.conyzoides, and L. camara. Different concentrations of water solution of 4 IPSOAGS leaf ethanol extracts showed significantly different killing effects on golden snail. The time length of 100% killing golden snail with saturated water solutions of ethanol extracts from short to long were I. cairica (48h), W. trilobata (72h), and both A.conyzoides and L. camara were the same (96h), compared the Meta with 0.30 g•L-1 was 118h. It can be concluded that I. cairica has potentials to develop a material both controlling golden snail and environmental friendly in rice production.

---