作 者 ：刘春雷,常玉梅,梁利群*,徐丽华,刘金亮,闫学春
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 21期 页码：5975~5982
Keywords:transgenic carp, relative growth rate of body weight, filling index, gonad development,
摘 要 ：为研究转大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)生长激素基因鲤（转基因鲤）在不同食物含量条件下的生长竞争（主要是生长、生殖），实验设定两个实验组，分别为正常投饲组和半饥饿实验组，每组的饲养池大小相同、混养的转基因鲤和对照鲤初始总体重相等。连续3个月定期采样后，处理数据并拟合体重体长方程，从形态学和组织学入手对转基因鲤和对照鲤（Cyprinus carpio）的生长状况、饲料占有情况和性腺发育状况开展研究。结果表明，正常投饲组的转基因鲤和对照鲤体重相对增长率分别为127.9%和70.6%，而半饥饿实验组的转基因鲤、对照鲤的体重相对增长率分别是72.3%和52.2%，表明无论在饱食还是在饲料短缺情况下，转基因鲤显示出快速生长的优势；通过比较两组转基因鲤和对照鲤的肠道充塞度，发现正常投饲组的转基因鲤和对照鲤的肠道食物充塞度差异不显著（P>0.05），半饥饿组中的两种鱼的肠道食物充塞度差异不显著（P>0.05），但是转基因鲤的肠长/体长比大于对照鲤，差异显著（P<0.05），表明转基因鲤可能对饲料具有较强的消化、吸收能力；总体来看，两组实验鱼的性腺发育进程无明显差异（P>0.05），但在部分月份转基因鲤和对照雌、雄鲤的相对性腺重差异显著（P<0.05），无论在饱食还是在半饥饿情况下，转基因鲤的性腺发育情况略好于对照鲤。
Abstract:Preparation of transgenic fish transferred foreign growth hormone gene (thereafter abbreviation of transgenic fish) is the main method to shorten the growth period and increase the growth rate in cultured fish species. Presently, a lot of cultured fish species such as Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been transferred foreign growth hormone gene successfully. Previous studies showed that transgenic Atlantic salmon and tilapia were able to not only increase the growth rate but perform very well in other ways like salinity resistance and efficiency of food conversion, etc. Common carp is one of the dominant cultured fish species and has plenty of varieties and strains in China. Transgenic common carp has been prepared in the late of 1980s triumphantly. Previous documents mainly involved in studies of environment adaptation, body component as well as swimming speed between transgenic carp and wild carp. And now, scientists abroad and home give much more attention on researches of food and environment safety in transgenic fish species, transgenic common carp is no exception. In this study, in order to compare growth competition and gonad development of transgenic carps transferred salmon growth hormone gene and wild carps in semi-starvation condition, the experimental fish species were divided into group A and group B with the same total weight, and each group contained transgenic carps and wild carps with equal gross weight. Group A was fed with enough food and group B was fed with half of the former. Sampled in consecutive three months, the growth performance, food possession and gonad development were compared between transgenic carp and its counterpart in two groups. As a result, in group A and B, the relative growth rates of body weight of transgenic carp were 127.9% and 72.3% in transgenic carps, compared to 70.6% and 52.2% in wild carps individually, demonstrating that transgenic carp had the advantage of fast growth over wild carp. In addition, the data statistics showed that no remarkable significance was detected (P>0.05) in two groups, By comparing the filling index of intestinal tract of two carps, however, ratio of intestinal length and body length of transgenic carp was significantly greater than that of the control (P<0.05)，indicating that transgenic carp probably had stronger digestion capability for food. In addition, there was very slight difference during the gonad development of two carps in two groups (P>0.05), however, the value of relative gonad weight of transgenic carp was remarkably higher than that of the control in certain month (P<0.05). further pronouncing that the gonad of transgenic carp developed better than the control no matter in group A or B. To sum up, transgenic carp seems to have the stronger abilities of growth competition and propagation advantage than those of wild carp no matter that in food enough or shortage condition. Therefore, more concerns should be received in case transgenic carp escape to natural water systems during pool farming, which will probably affect the genetic background of wild carp based on this study.
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