作 者 ：张音波,麦志勤,陈新庚,彭晓春
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 2期 页码：728~734
Keywords:Gini coefficient, resource-environment Gini coefficient (Gre), green contribution coefficient (GCC), Guangdong Province,
摘 要 ：广东省经济的快速发展与资源消耗、污染物排放是密切相关的，如何对资源消耗和污染物排放的公平性、合理性进行评价一直是个难题。构建资源环境基尼系数，用来评价广东省资源消耗和污染物排放的公平性、合理性。资源环境基尼系数是反映在经济贡献率相同的情况下，资源消耗、污染物排放公平程度的一个指标。选取广东省2005年能源消耗、COD排放、SO2排放和工业固体废物排放作为评价指标，计算其资源环境基尼系数，并以绿色贡献系数来判断资源消耗和污染物排放的不公平因子。结果表明，上述 4 项指标的资源环境基尼系数分别为 0.15，0.39，0.38，0.87。能源消耗处于绝对平均的范围内，COD和SO2排放处于相对合理的范围内，工业固废排放处于差距悬殊状态。广东省资源环境的分配差异较大，21个地市中，不公平因子主要集中在清远、韶关、云浮、河源这4个城市，而深圳、广州、中山3个城市体现出的是一种绿色发展模式。为缩小广东资源环境分配的空间差异，清远、韶关、云浮、河源等城市需要转变发展模式，实现经济与资源环境的协调发展。
Abstract:Resource consumption and pollutant releasing are high correlated with the economy development in Guangdong Province. However, their equality and reasonability are so far difficult to be evaluated. Resource-environment Gini coefficient (Gre) was thus designed according to the conception of Gini coefficient and used to evaluate the fairness levels of resource consumption and pollutant releasing under the same economy contribution rate. If the ratio of resource consumption or pollutant releasing to the total consumption or releasing in a producing unit is equal to its economy contribution rate, its resource consumption or pollutant releasing is considered to be the fairest. The energy consumption, and its corresponding COD discharging, SO2 emission, and industrial solid wastes discharging in 2005 in Guangdong Province were chosen to calculate Gre. The green contribution coefficient (GCC), the ratio of economy contribution rate to the pollutant discharging rate and resource consumption rate were applied as the bases to judge the unfair factors. The Gre of energy consumption, COD discharging, SO2 emission, and industrial solid wastes discharging were 0.15, 0.39, 0.38 and 0.87, respectively. It could be concluded that the energy consumption distribution was relatively fair, COD discharging distribution and SO2 emission distribution were relatively reasonable, and the industrial solid waste discharging distribution was considered to be unreasonable. It suggests that the differences of the distribution of the resource-environment among the 21 cities of Guangdong Province are large. These unfair factors were found to appear mainly in the north economically-undeveloped part including Qingyuan, Shaoguan, Yunfu, and Heyuan. The contribution rates of energy consumption and pollutant releasing were bigger than the rate of economy contribution in these four cites. Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Zhongshan are relatively economically-developed cities located in Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province, whose economy contribution rates were bigger than the contribution rates of energy consumption and pollutant releasing. In order to reduce the spatial difference of resource-environment distribution in Guangdong Province, the developing mode needs to be modified to harmonize the development of economy, resource, and environment, especially in Qingyuan, Shaoguan, Yunfu, and Heyuan. Analysis of city resource-environment Gini coefficient are helpful to offer proofs for pollutant gross control and allocation, and to offer references for sustainable development in Guangdong Province.
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