作 者 ：李红丽,智颖飙,*,张荷亮,陶文辉,王再岚,Emmy Komada,杜永春,白志刚,刘秀珍
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 17期 页码：4676~4684
关键词：生态整体性；环境可持续性指数；生态足迹；归一化系数；新疆；
Keywords:ecological integrity, environmental sustainability index (ESI), ecological footprint, normalization factor, Xinjiang,
摘 要 ：提高生态现代化总体水平是改善区域生态环境承载力的核心和关键。利用生态环境质量指数和生态现代化指数（EMI）对我国西部生态环境脆弱区的新疆维吾尔自治区生态足迹和环境压力的变动态势进行了系统分析。结果表明：2004年新疆生态现代化指数在全国排名为27位，仍然为我国生态现代化水平落后的地区之一。1980—2005年，新疆综合现代化水平远低于高收入国家、世界平均水平和中等发达国家。1998年新疆人均生态足迹由25957hm2增加到2007年的40551hm2，人均生态承载力由3.1270hm2减少到2.8266 hm2。区域环境水平呈下降趋势。资源转化率、生态保护指数呈明显上升态势。环境治理指数呈剧烈变动，1996-2003年呈“N”型变动态势，区域生态脆弱性没有明显逆转。
Abstract:It is the popular measure to analyze sustainable development state by the way of ecological footprint and ecological capacity. Then, it could be used to assess ecological deficit or ecological surplus of region, province and country, which is the base of ecological modernization. The key to improving overall levels of ecological modernization is improving the regional ecological environment carrying capacity of a system′s key components. The use of an eco-environmental quality index and ecological modernization index (EMI) on the fragile ecological environment of western China′s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was used to assess an ecological footprint and analyze environmental pressure changes under the condition of ecological deficit in the world, which could give some materials about ecological reconstruction, ecological restoration and environment improvement. Results showed that in 2004, the region′s ecological modernization index stood 27th in the national rankings, signifying a steep lag behind the average index exhibited by other regional ecological reforms. Since 1980, when the “25a” comprehensive modernization roadmap for Xinjiang was introduced, ecological modernization in the region has lagged far behind not only high-income countries, but also behind the world average posted by only moderately developed countries. Between 1998 and 2007, Xinjiang′s per capita ecological footprint stood at 25957hm2 and 40551hm2, and its per capita ecological carrying capacity was reduced from 3.1270hm2 to 2.8266 hm2. This indicates a clear trend toward a jeopardized environmental quality in the region. The rates at which the resource conversion and ecological protection indexes altered further support such an interpretation of this trend. A significant reference point here notes the lack of change in environmental governance indexes. In one such index, the years between 1996 and 2003 were all qualified as “N” type situation changes, with no significant regional ecological vulnerability reversed. During the period between 1995 and 2006 the levels indicated by Xinjiang′s regional environmental indexes also declined. Any such plan of action for Xinjiang should incorporate should: harness geographical and regional resource advantages; utilize efficient, low cost and low high-density materials; incorporate high-standard, low-emission, and non-toxic practices; foster environmental justice and ecological ethics; and design an approach that develops an artificial ecological restoration design. Establishing an ecological compensation system will necessitate a system that incentivizes environmental responsibility and requires environmental risk assessments, and should specifically focus on innovating an environmental protection and development model tailored to Central Asian regional cooperation. Such a model would be fully capable of launching Xinjiang by 2015 into China′s environmental performance standards for regions of middle-level resources, and by 2020 into mid-level standards of ecological modernization for its Western Region standards.
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