作 者 ：甄霖*,魏云洁,谢高地,HELMING Katharina,曹淑艳,杨莉,潘影,KOENIG Hannes
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 24期 页码：6749~6761
关键词：土地空间利用；土地多功能性；生态系统服务功能；时空尺度；中国；
Keywords:spatial land use, multi-functional land use, ecosystem services, scaling, China,
摘 要 ：当前，国际学术界针对土地利用的研究正由土地利用格局变化向土地空间多功能变化及其可持续性的方向发展，其宗旨是确定和度量土地多元化利用所提供的产品、服务和功能，及其带来的环境和社会经济效应，实现对土地利用的科学管理。基于可持续发展三维度的理念及其指标体系，界定并定量评价了我国区域土地利用的10项功能，深入研究了在经济快速发展、生态环境保护紧密相随的过去20a间，各项功能的时空变化特征。研究表明，我国土地多功能性的10项功能中，就业支持功能表现出区域增减不一的特点，生态过程维持功能具有高度的稳定性。健康保障、交通功能、居住家园、生物性土地生产、人工化土地生产、资源供给与维持、污染接收器、景观与文化支持功能在各个区域得到了不断改善与提高，但各个功能变化的强势区和弱势区在时空分布上表现出了很强的区域性特点。区域自然条件禀赋、社会经济条件以及土地利用政策在功能变化中起着关键作用。研究结果揭出中国区域土地多功能性尚存在巨大的提升空间；土地政策应具有系统性、功能针对性和时空针对性，并应关注土地利用功能变化的链发效应。
Abstract:Recent studies of land use around the world have been shifting from the spatial and temporal dynamics of land use patterns to functional changes in land use and assessments of the sustainability of such changes. The purpose is to identify and measure the products, goods, and services provided by multiple land uses, and the associated environmental and socioeconomic effects. Land-use functions (LUFs) are the goods and services provided by a land use, and summarize a region′s most relevant economic, environmental, and social issues. The LUF framework integrates changes in a large set of indicators to assess the impact of policies on sustainability at various levels of spatial aggregation. It is therefore a good method to trace interrelations between land use changes and functional changes. Here, we identify 10 relevant LUFs for China in accordance with three dimensions-economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development, investigate methods for their assessment, and analyze spatial and temporal changes in the functions for 31 provinces and municipalities from 1985 to 2005. The LUFs include social functions (the provision of work, human health, and living conditions); economic functions (cover land based production, artificial land-based production, and transportation); and environmental functions (the provision and maintenance of resources, pollutant reception, maintenance of ecological processes, and conservation of rural landscapes). Significant spatial and temporal variations were observed. Of the 10 LUFs we identified, the provision of work increased and decreased in different periods, whereas maintenance of ecosystem processes remained stable, but in a critical condition. Other LUFs improved, including human health, transportation, living conditions, land-based production, artificial land-based production, provision and maintenance of resources, pollutant reception, and landscape and cultural services. In general, the overall LUF of China has improved from 1985 to 2005, and coefficient of variation of LUFs among the Chinese provinces has decreased from 0.63 to 0.27, suggesting that the regional disparity of LUFs has decreased, except for the functions related to the provision of work and the conservation of rural landscapes. Maintenance of ecological processes remained stable over time, but the rest of the LUFs tended to exhibit improvement patterns from 1985 to 2005. Of the 10 LUFs that we studied, the pollutant reception function was weakest, suggesting that there is high potential to improve this LUF by enhancing environmental conservation measures, and that this improvement is necessary. Rural landscape conservation improved due mainly to the implementation of programs to convert agriculture on sloping land to less damaging uses throughout the country, leading to the conversion of vast areas of arable land into forest and grassland. The main factors leading to such differences are variations in natural resources and socioeconomic development; land use policy plays an especially important role. For instance, land-based production and artificial land-based production have increased slowly in the northwestern part of the country, where economic development level is relatively low, whereas the human health function is improving in regions with a relatively low population density and a high per capita grain and livestock production. There is great potential to improve LUFs both nationally and in specific regions. Supporting scientific management of land resources will require a systematic land use policy targeted at LUFs and specific to each region, and the consequences of LUF changes must also be considered.
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