作 者 ：张学健,程家骅,沈伟,刘尊雷
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 12期 页码：3117~3125
关键词：黄鮟鱇；黄海南部；摄食生态；摄食强度；季节变化；体长变化；
Keywords:Lophius litulon, South Yellow Sea, feeding ecology, feeding intensity, seasonal variation, length variation,
摘 要 ：根据对2008年9月至2009年7月在黄海南部所捕获的黄鮟鱇胃含物的分析，对其摄食生态进行了研究。结果表明,黄海南部黄鮟鱇主要摄食小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena polyactis）、矛尾鰕虎鱼（Chaeturichthys stigmatias）、细条天竺鲷（Apogonichthys lineatus）、带鱼（Trichiurus haumela）、龙头鱼（Harpadon nehereus）、鹰爪虾（Trachypenaeus curvirostris）、鳀鱼（Engraulis japonicus）等饵料生物。鱼类是黄鮟鱇最主要的摄食类群，在食物中所占的重量百分比之和为83.44%。黄鮟鱇的摄食强度具有明显的季节变化和体长变化，冬季最高，春季最低；小于100mm体长组最高，大于500mm体长组最低。在4个季节和6个体长组中，小黄鱼都是黄鮟鱇胃中重量百分比最高的饵料生物。矛尾鰕虎鱼和细条天竺鲷在黄鮟鱇幼鱼胃含物中所占比例较高，但在成鱼胃含物中所占比例较低。聚类分析的结果显示，黄鮟鱇在体长为100mm时发生食性转换。黄鮟鱇营养级为3.66，表明其在东、黄海食物网中处于较高的位置。
Abstract:The yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon), a demersal fish, is distributed in the Western Pacific, including the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, Japan and Korean waters. It is a cold-temperate species, typically captured at depths of 40-90 meters in a temperature range of 11-14 degree. In recent years, since traditional fishery resources have been overexploited, yellow goosefish has become an important fishery resource in China. It is mainly harvested by mobile stow net along the South Yellow Sea. Its yearly average yield is about 12 thousand tones in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. However, there have been little studies on this species, especially on its feeding ecology. Previous studies indicated that Lophius litulon has a trophic level of 3.66, meaning that it is one of the top trophic level fish species in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. It feeds on various commercially targeted fish species, and this may have potential effects on these fish species and fisheries. This paper attempts to study the feeding ecology of Lophius litulon by analyzing stomach contents based on monthly samples collected from the South of the Yellow Sea from September 2008 to July 2009. The preliminary results reveal that the diet of Lophius litulon varies with fish as the dominant prey species. It makes up 83.44% of the total food weight, including Larimichthys polyactis, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, Apogon lineatus, Trichiurus japonicus, Harpodon nehereus, Trachypenaeus curvirostris and Engraulis japonicus. Crustacea and cephalopoda account for 12.45% and 4.23%,respectively. Larimichthys polyactis is the most important prey species for Lophius litulon through the year and all size groups, comprising 33.05% of the total food weight. Apogonichthys lineatus is the most common species and has the largest number in yellow goosefish stomach. The diet composition varies a lot seasonally, particularly for Engraulis japonicus, which consists of 25.52% of the total food weight in winter but disappears in spring. Furthermore, feeding intensity also shows significant seasonal variation and changes in body length. The feeding intensity is maximized in winter and minimized in spring, it is thought to be related to the reproduction strategy, as winter is its pre-spawning period and spring is its spawning season. The individuals less than 100mm in body length have the largest feeding intensity and more than 500 mm have the lowest, which may result in different growth in different development stages. The cluster analysis shows that Lophius litulon changes feeding habits when its total length arrives at 100mm. The larvae below 100mm in body length primarily feeds on Chaeturichthys stigmatias,while adult fish larger than 200mm in body length prefer Pseudosciaena polyactis. However, the findings in this paper differ from other studies partially due to different sampling areas. As a non-selective predator, Lophius litulon feeds on different species in different areas, depending on the prey′s availability.
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