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作 者 ：郑聚锋,张平究,潘根兴*,李恋卿,张旭辉

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 10期 页码：4864~4872

关键词：水稻土；长期试验；CH4氧化；甲烷氧化菌；微生物多样性；温室气体减排；

Keywords:rice paddy, long-term experiment, methane oxidation, methanotrophs, microbial diversity, greenhouse gases mitigation,

摘 要 ：稻田内源甲烷的氧化是稻田甲烷减排的重要途径。而甲烷氧化菌是土壤中甲烷氧化的主要施动者，在长期不同施肥条件下，土壤微生物群落的演变是否影响到土壤甲烷氧化菌群落结构及其活性，进而影响到田土壤CH4向大气的实际排放强度还不清楚。为此,选择太湖地区一个长期肥料试验的稻田土壤为研究对象，分析长期不同肥料施用对土壤甲烷氧化能力的影响及其与土壤中甲烷氧化菌群落结构变化的可能关系。结果表明，长期不同的施肥措施下稻田土壤对甲烷的氧化能力产生了明显差异, 伴随着土壤中甲烷氧化菌（MOBI和MOBII）的基因群落多样性的显著变化。长期单一施用氮肥为主的化肥显著降低了土壤对甲烷的氧化能力，同时显著降低了稻田土壤甲烷氧化菌的多样性和丰富度；不同施肥下甲烷氧化菌多样性的变化与土壤的甲烷氧化能力的变化趋势相一致。因此，研究显示长期不同施肥处理下甲烷氧化菌群落结构的改变可能是引起水稻土甲烷氧化能力变化的一个主要因素，有机无机配合施用可以明显降低稻田土壤甲烷的大气释放潜能。但长期不同施肥处理下甲烷氧化菌活性的变化还有待于进一步研究。

Abstract:Oxidation of endogenous methane is an important process affecting the real flux of methane from rice paddies, which is generated and mediated by methanotrophs living in topsoil. Very few data has been available on whether the change of the overall microbial community effects on methane oxidation activity and/or community of methanotrophs, and in turn, the real methane flux from rice paddies under different long-term fertilization practices. Taking an example of a long-term different fertilization trial of a typical rice paddy from the Tai Lake region China, effects of long-term different fertilizations on methane-oxidizing activity and the linkage to possible change of methanotrophs community are studied by laboratory incubation of rice paddy topsoil. The studied long-term different fertilization plots include non-fertilized (NF), chemical fertilizers only (CF) and combine fertilization of chemical fertilizers and pig manure (CFM). Results show that both methane-oxidizing activity and methanotrophic bacterial community (MOBI and MOBII) community of the topsoil samples vary with the different long-term fertilization practices. Compared with the treatments of NF and CFM, methane-oxidizing activity is significantly decreased as well as methanotrophic bacteria abundance and diversity significantly reduced under CF treatment. The variation of observed methane-oxidizing activity among under different fertilizations is shown in coincidence with the change of the abundance and diversity of the methanotrophs community. Therefore, real methane emission capacity from rice paddy may be altered by different fertilization practices, which could be linked to diversity changes of the methanotrophs community under the different fertilization practices. Thus, best management of fertilizer application may be an option for mitigating methane emission from rice paddies. However, the mechanism causing such variation of methanotrophic bacterial activity in rice paddies under long-term different fertilization deserves further studies.

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