作 者 ：杨世琦,杨正礼,高旺盛
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 8期 页码：4047~4056
关键词：国家尺度；区域农业系统；协调度；功效系数；协调等级；改良专家调查法；
Keywords:national scale, regional agriculture system (RAS), harmony coefficient (HC), efficacy coefficient, rank of harmony coefficient (RHC), improving expert inquiry method,
摘 要 ：区域农业系统协调是农业持续高效发展的重要前提，也是构建和谐社会的主旋律。以数理统计学上的方差、平均数和变异系数原理为基础，构建了区域农业系统协调度评价的理论体系，其突出优点是既考虑指标间集中性，同时又考虑了离散性，评价结果更加客观科学。区域农业系统协调理论包括协调度概念、功效函数、功效系数、协调函数、协调度、协调度变化区间和协调等级等，核心是协调度与协调等级。区域农业系统评价指标体系的构建采用改进专家调查法，从生态、经济和社会子系统共筛选出29个评价指标。选取1990~2003年资料，对国家尺度区域农业系统协调度进行评价研究。研究结果表明：国家区域农业系统协调度呈现上升发展趋势，1997年从失调转向协调，2000年从弱度协调转向低度协调，总体呈现好转状态。经济子系统的协调等级从1990年的极度失调1级逐渐上升到2003年的高度协调9级。社会子系统的协调度在1990~2000年，从1级上升至8级协调等级，2001年下降6级，2002和2003两年上升至7级。生态子系统的协调等级由1990年的为中度失调3级，上升到2003年低度协调7级。1990~1992年，系统失调是由于生态、经济和社会子系统均处于失调状态；1993~1996年，系统失调是由于经济和社会子系统处于失调状态，生态子系统是弱度协调；1997~2003生态、经济和社会子系统的协调发展，系统转入协调状态，其中经济子系统贡献最大，成为决定系统协调度高低的主要原因，此时生态和社会子系统对区域农业系统协调发展有一定的制约作用。因此，发展农村经济，重视生态环境建设，构建和谐社会，是推动国家尺度区域农业系统协调发展的重要途径。
Abstract:Harmony of regional agricultural system is the precondition important of the agriculture sustainable and high efficiency development, and the same time is the main rhythm of constructing harmonious society. The theory of harmony coefficient of regional agricultural system is conceived by variance, mean value and variance coefficient, and the dominating merit is that this harmony theory takes into account index both concentricity and decentralization，therefore the appraising result is more external and scientific. The harmony theory of regional agricultural system consists of harmony conception, efficacy function, efficacy coefficient, Function of harmony coefficient, harmony coefficient (HC), range of harmony coefficient, rank of harmony coefficient (RHC), and the core of harmony theory is HC and RHC. The appraising index system of regional agriculture is established by improving expert inquiry method, which includes 29 indexes and is filtrated from ecological subsystem, economic subsystem and social subsystem. From 1990 to 2003, HC of regional agricultural system in national scale is appraised. The results are: HC of regional agricultural system in national scale takes on ascending trend as a whole, and from maladjustment to harmony in 1997, and form feeble harmony to low harmony in 2000. RHC of economic subsystem ascends from top maladjustment (RHC 1) in 1990 to high harmony (RHC 9) in 2003. RHC of social subsystem ascends from top maladjustment (RHC 1) in 1990 to mid harmony (RHC 8) in 2000, after descending feeble harmony (RHC 6) in 2001, and ascending low harmony (RHC 7) in 2002 and 2003. RHC of ecological subsystem ascends from mid maladjustment (RHC 3) in 1990to low harmony (RHC 7) in 2003. Regional agricultural system in national scale is maladjusted because of the maladjustment of ecological, economic and social subsystem from 1990 to 1992; and regional agricultural system in national scale is maladjusted on account of the maladjustment of economic and social subsystem as well as feeble harmony of ecological subsystem from 1993 to 1996; and regional agricultural system in national scale is harmony because of the harmony of ecological, economic and social subsystem from 1997 to 2003. Economic subsystem is the most important contribution to harmony of regional agricultural system in national scale, which decides the value of HC, but ecological and social subsystem produce negative function to harmony of regional agricultural system. Hence, the key approach of regional agricultural system in national scale is developing rural economy, regarding environment construction and constructing harmonious society.
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