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作 者 ：熊李虎,陆健健,童春富,何文珊

期 刊 ：生态学报 2007年 27卷 6期 页码：2160~2166

关键词：红隼；捕食方式；觅食栖息地选择；栖木；

Keywords:Common Kestrel, foraging habitat selection, hunting technique selection, perch sites,

摘 要 ：栖木是重要的生境因子，对于鸟类生境选择和利用具有重要意义。2003年9月～2004年3月，采用固定样地对照观测的方法，分析研究栖木在越冬红隼（Falco tinnunculus）的栖息地选择与捕食方式选择中的作用。研究结果表明，增加了栖木的试验区（下称试验区），红隼的出现频率远大于未增加栖木的对照区（下称对照区）；试验区红隼个体平均停留时间显著长于对照区；在试验区红隼栖停捕食占捕食次数的77.24％，而在对照区红隼只进行飞行捕食，红隼捕食方式和样地中是否增加栖木具有极显著相关性；试验区，红隼栖停行为时间占51.8％，大于对照区（30.1％），对照区中，红隼在空中的行为如飞行、翱翔、悬停等行为时间所占比例为34.8％，远高于试验区（12.1％）。这些结果表明，栖木在越冬红隼的栖息地选择和捕食方式选择中具有重要的作用，栖木的存在是栖停捕食的先决条件，冬季红隼偏好于具有较好栖木条件的栖息地，并且偏向于采取低消耗低收益的栖停捕食。

Abstract:In winter, Common Kestrels minimize energy expenditure. And they prefer to use a low-cost low-profit technique of perch-hunting. The perch sites′ existence is the precondition of perch-hunting. So we can predict that Kestrel would prefer a habitat with more perch sites and perch site should have an important role in Kestrel′s hunting technique use, habitat selection and habitat use in winter. In order to test this prediction, we manipulated two areas in grassland. We increased potential perch site in one area with bamboo poles and keep another as control. We observed and compared the Kestrel′s use and their behaviors in these two areas.
We found the following results. More Kestrels at the area increasing perch sites than control were recorded. The Kestrels stayed at more perch sites area significant longer than control area. And at the area with more perch sites, of 7724% of total hunting, Kestrels hunted with the technique of perch-hunting. At the control area, Kestrels hunted only with the technique of flight-hunting. There was a significant correlation between the technique used by Kestrels and the areas with or without perch site. In the area increasing perch sites Kestrels spent 51.8% of time perching and 12.1% in air, and they were 30.1% and 34.8% respectively in control area. There was no significant difference of hunting profit between areas.
Our results suggest that perch sites has an important role in the selection of hunting techniques and habitat selection of Kestrels in winter and the Kestrels appear to prefer the habitat with suitable perch sites in winter.

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