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作 者 ：聂呈荣,骆世明,章家恩,黎华寿,赵玉环

期 刊 ：生态学报 2003年 23卷 9期 页码：1851~1860

关键词：集约农业；基塘系统；退化；生态恢复；

Keywords:intensive farming, dike-pond system, degradation, ecological restoration,

摘 要 ：基塘系统是珠江三角洲地势低洼地貌类型的一种独特的传统人工生态系统。随着现代集约农业的推行和经济的高速发展,基塘系统地区的土地利用方式发生改变,传统的基塘系统严重退化。许多基塘系统种养分离、过度集约化养殖,养殖水体水质恶化,成为区域环境的重点污染源;大量污染物汇集和积蓄在基塘系统,导致有毒有害物质经食物链富集而危及水产养殖和人类健康;由于农业比较利益低下,农民经营基塘系统的积极性下降,部分基塘疏于管理,塘基崩塌、塘泥严重淤积,使不少基塘丧失正常功能,成为生产力很低的退化基塘。在充分调查分析基塘系统退化原因和机理的基础上,根据恢复生态学的原理,提出应用食物链和生态位原理对退化基塘系统进行生态恢复。其主要措施有鱼塘的水体恢复、基面的土壤恢复、环境污染的治理以及基塘面积的合理配比等。

Abstract:The traditional dike pond system (DPS) that has been developed and practiced in the Pearl River Delta for centuries is a sustainable agro ecosystem in low lying area. It has an obvious land water interaction and remarkable eco economical effect. In general, a DPS consists of fish ponds surrounded by crop dikes (mulberry, sugar cane, grass, flowers or vegetables). Most of the crops are used to feed the silkworms or livestock (ducks, geese, pigs etc.) and the manure from these animals are added to the po...

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