全 文 ：The genus Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach is a large
genus in Fagaceae and consists of about 134 species
distributed in the tropical and subtropical Asia and
Malesia[1]. The greatest assemblage and most primitive
forms are found in Indochina and Malesia[2]. In Vietnam,
Castanopsis is represented by 52 species, usually
dominant species in the both broad leaved evergreen
and mixed mesophytic forests from 100 m to 2300 m[3].
In August 2011 and February 2012, we collected
many specimens of Castanopsis from Dien Bien province
(near the border with Phongsaly, Laos), Vietnam. After
examining the specimens in the herbaria (CPNP, FIPI,
FSIV, HN, HNU, HPNP, IBSC, KUN, P, PE, SWFC,
VNM) and consulting the relevant literatures[3–12],
we concluded that some specimens of them are
conspecific with Castanopsis gamblei Hickel et A.
Camus, which was only collected from one locality
in Tran Ninh, Laos before[4–9]. Based on the collection
from Vietnam, a description and an illustration of C.
gamblei are provided.
奠边锥(新拟)　　越南名： Dẻ gai nà nhạn (Fig.
热带亚热带植物学报　2014， 22(2)： 138 ~ 142
Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany
越南壳斗科植物新记录种
王维兴1,2,3, 夏念和1*
(1. 中国科学院华南植物园，中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室， 广州 510650； 2. 中国科学院大学， 北京 100049； 3. 越南林业
大学， 越南 河内)
摘要： 记载了采自越南奠边省的越南新记录种 Castanopsis gamblei Hickel et A. Camus。该种与 C. jucunda Hance 相似， 但区别
在于中脉在叶上面凸起，侧脉 8 ~ 12 对， 壳斗外壁的刺长为 1 ~ 1.5 cm， 壳斗具短柄和坚果被伏毛等， 并根据采自越南的标本，
提供了 C. gamblei 的形态特征描述和绘图。
关键词： Castanopsis gamblei； 锥属； 壳斗科； 新记录； 越南
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005–3395.2014.02.005
Castanopsis gamblei (Fagaceae), A Newly Recorded Species from Vietnam
VUONG Duy Hung1,2,3, XIA Nian-he1*
(1. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guangzhou 510650, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Vietnam Forestry University, Hanoi, Vietnam)
Abstract: Castanopsis gamblei Hickel et A. Camus, formerly recognized as endemic to Laos, is discovered in
Dien Bien province as a new record for the flora of Vietnam. C. gamblei is similar to C. jucunda Hance, but can
be distinguished from the latter by its midvein raised adaxially, secondary veins 12 – 18, cupule bracts 1 – 1.5 cm
long, cupule stipitate and nuts densely appressed hairy. Based on the specimens collected from Vietnam, the
description and illustration of this species are provided.
Key words: Castanopsis gamblei; Castanopsis; Fagaceae; New record; Vietnam
Received： 2013–06–30　　　　Accepted： 2013–08–25
This study was supported by Vietnamese Government (410/QĐ-BGDĐT), Chinese Government and South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy
of Sciences (201001801070041).
* Corresponding author. E-mail: nhxia@scib.ac.cn
第2期 139
1, 2)
Castanopsis gamblei Hickel et A. Camus, Bull.
Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 29: 534. 1923; A. Camus,
Chataig. 350. 1929, Atlas pl. 43, f. 1 – 3. 1928; Hickel
et A. Camus, Fl. Gen, Indo-Chine 5: 1019. 1930; H.
H. Pham, Ill. Fl. VIE. 2: 619. 2000; M. Newman et al.
A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR, 137.
2007.
Type: Laos. Xieng Khouang: Tran Ninh, 8 Nov.
1920, Poilane 2312 (holotype: P!; isotype: P!).
Evergreen trees, 20 – 25 m tall, 50 – 60 cm in diam.
Bark greyish brown, fissured; branches glabrous and
Fig. 1 Castanopsis gamblei. A: Leafy branch with immature infructescences; B: Male flower; C: Female flower; D: Cupule; E: Nut. [Drawn by Cui
Ding Han based on Vuong Duy Hung 2011082101 (A, B) and Vuong Duy Hung 2012020515 (C – E)]
王维兴等：越南壳斗科植物新记录种
140 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
Fig. 2 Castanopsis gamblei. A: Habit; B: Leafy branch with immature infructescences; C: Young leaves and stipules; D: Male flowers; E: Female
flowers; F: Cupules; G: Cupules and nuts.
第2期 141
sparsely lenticellate, young branchlets prominently
angular. Stipules lanceolate, 4 – 5 mm × 1 – 1.2 mm,
thick and caducous. Petiole 1 – 2 cm, glabrous; leaf
blade obovate or obovate-elliptic, 8 – 22 cm × 3 –
7 cm, thickly papery to subleathery, glabrous on both
surface, thickly reddish brown scales abaxially when
young, but thinly and becoming silvery grey with
age, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin coarsely
serrate except entire at lower 1/4, apex rounded to
obtuse; midvein adaxially raised in the middle, but
slightly flat in the base and apex, secondary veins 12 –
18 pairs. Male and female inflorescences separate or
mixed; rachis pubescent; male flowers in fascicles of
3 – 4, perianth 5(– 6)-lobed, stamens 10(– 12); female
inflorescence 15 – 20 cm; female flower solitary per
cupule, styles 3. Infructescences rachis 3 – 5 mm
thick, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule globose,
2 – 3.5 cm in diam., base stipitate, wall 1 mm thick
and visible outside through bracts; bracts spinelike,
1 – 1.5 cm long, straight, free or basally connate. Nut
1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1 – 1.2 cm in diam.,
densely yellowish brown appressed tomentose; scar
flat or convex, rugose.
Vietnam. Dien Bien: Dien Bien district, Na
Nhan village, 21º30.839′ N, 103º05.598′ E, 858 m, 21
August 2011, Vuong Duy Hung 2011082101 (IBSC,
VNF); same locality, 5 February 2012, Vuong Duy
Hung 2012020501 (VNF); same locality and date,
Vuong Duy Hung 2012020502 (VNF); same locality
and date, Vuong Duy Hung 2012020515 (IBSC, VNF).
Vernacular: Mắc có nan (Na Nhan), Mak ko khiên
(Laos).
Uses: The wood can be used for furniture-making
and nuts are edible.
Ecology: Castanopsis gamblei grows in ravine
broad-leaved evergreen forests at the elevation of
about 850 m. It is usually associated with C. indica
(Roxb. ex Lindl.) A. DC. (Fagaceae), Semecarpus sp.
(Anacardiaceae) and some Ficus (Moraceae) species. It
was observed in flowering in August – September and
fruiting in November – December of the following
year.
Distribution: Laos (Xieng Khouang) and Vietnam
(Dien Bien).
Conservation status: This species is only known
from two localities (one in Laos and one in Vietnam).
It should be considered as DD, according to the
IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria[13]. The newly
discovered population of Castanopsis gamblei is not
in the area of the Vietnam’s protected natural reserve
system, and this population is closed to cultivated
areas of local community. Therefore, this unique
population of C. gamblei found in Vietnam is at high
risk due to the expansion of cultivated areas. The ex
situ conservation should be made urgently.
Other specimens examined: Laos. Xieng
Khouang: Tran Ninh, 08 November 1920, Poilane
2312 (P!); same locality and date, Poilane 2512 (VNM!);
same locality and date, Poilane 41123 (P!).
Notes: Castanopsis gamblei was described by
Hickel and Camus[4–7] based on several specimens
with immature fruits (Poilane 2512). In this paper,
the description and illustration of C. gamblei were
provided based on the specimens with mature cupules
and nuts collected in Vietnam. C. gamblei is different
from C. clarkei King ex Hook. f., C. indica, C.
choboensis Hickel & A. Camus and C. hainanensis
Merr. by its somewhat glabrous leaf, cupule smaller
and cupule outside wall visible. C. gamblei is also
similar to C. jucunda Hance in leaf shape, leaf texture
and cupule, but can be distinguished from the latter
by its secondary veins 12 – 18 pairs (vs. 8 – 11 pairs),
midvein adaxially raised (vs. impressed), Cupule bracts
1 – 1.5 cm (vs. 0.6 – 1 cm), cupule base stipitate (vs.
sessile) and nuts densely yellowish brown appressed
tomentose (vs. glabrous). A key to C. gamblei and its
related species is provided as follows:
王维兴等：越南壳斗科植物新记录种
Key to Castanopsis gamblei and its related species
1. Cupule outside wall visible, cupules 2 – 3.5 cm in diam.
　2. Midvein adaxially impressed, secondary veins 8 – 11 pairs, nuts glabrous …………………………………………… C. jucunda
142 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
Acknowledgments　　The authors are grateful to the Vietnamese
Government, Chinese Government and South China Botanical
Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences for supporting the field
surveys of Catanopsis species in Vietnam. We also thank the
curators of the following herbaria: CPNP, FIPI, FSIV, HN,
HNU, HPNP, IBSC, KUN, P, PE, SWFC, VNM and Vietnam
Forestry University for their kind help in locating specimens.
The authors also wish to thank Mr. QUANG Van Thanh for
his kind help during the field surveys in Na Nhan village and
Prof. DENG Yun-fei (IBSC) for his helpful comments on the
manuscript.
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　2. Midvein adaxially raised, secondary veins 12 – 18 pairs, nuts densely yellowish brown appressed tomentose ………… C. gamblei
1. Cupule outside wall completely covered by spinelike bracts, cupules 3.5 – 5 cm in diam.
　　3. Spinelike bracts transverse section triangular or trapeziform …………………………………………………………… C. clarkei
　　3. Spinelike bracts transverse section circular
　　　4. Base of cupules stipitate, petiole 1 – 2 cm ……………………………………………………………………… C. hainanensis
　　　4. Base of cupules sessile, petiole 0.5 – 1 cm
　　　　5. Leaf blades abaxially glabrescent, leaf texture papery ………………………………………………………… C. choboensis
　　　　5. Leaf blades abaxially puberulent, leaf texture thickly papery ……………………………………………………… C. indica