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Notes on the Species Status of Begonia menglianensis YY. Qian (Begoniaceae)

秋海棠属孟连秋海棠的补充订正



全 文 :秋海棠属孟连秋海棠的补充订正∗
杨珍珍1ꎬ5ꎬ 陈文红1ꎬ 盛家舒2ꎬ 罗  林3ꎬ 张嵘梅4ꎬ 税玉民1∗∗
(1 中国科学院东亚植物多样性生物地理学重点实验室ꎬ 昆明  650201ꎻ 2 云南林业职业技术学校ꎬ 昆明  650224ꎻ
3 西盟县林业局ꎬ 云南 西盟  665700ꎻ 4 金殿风景区ꎬ 昆明  650224ꎻ 5 中国科学院大学ꎬ 北京  100049)
摘要: 孟连秋海棠 (Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y. Qian) 曾被归并到歪叶秋海棠 (Begonia augustinei Hemsl.)ꎮ
经过对比模式标本和模式产地标本ꎬ 作者发现孟连秋海棠是个独立的种ꎬ 在果的形态上它与大王秋海棠
(Begonia rex Putz.) 最为相似ꎬ 但果实上最大翅的上缘有一个近三角形的平面可以很容易将二者分开ꎮ 作
者提供了该种的形态描述ꎬ 并对花粉和种子形态进行了扫描电镜观察ꎮ
关键词: 歪叶秋海棠ꎻ 孟连秋海棠ꎻ 大王秋海棠ꎻ 订正ꎻ 分类学
中图分类号: Q 949              文献标志码: A              文章编号: 2095-0845(2015)05-557-06
Notes on the Species Status of Begonia menglianensis
Y􀆰 Y. Qian (Begoniaceae)
YANG Zhen ̄zhen1ꎬ5ꎬ CHEN Wen ̄hong1ꎬ SHENG Jia ̄shu2ꎬ LUO Lin3ꎬ
ZHANG Rong ̄mei4ꎬ SHUI Yu ̄min1∗∗
(1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asiaꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ
Kunming 650201ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 Yunnan Forestry Technological Collegeꎬ Kunming 650224ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3 Department of Forest Ministryꎬ
Ximengꎬ Yunnan 665700ꎬ Chinaꎻ 4 The Golden Temple Scenic Interest Areaꎬ Kunming 650224ꎬ Chinaꎻ
5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100049ꎬ China)
Abstract: Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y. Qian was regarded as a synonym of Begonia augustinei Hemsl. After compa ̄
ring the type and additional collections made from the type localityꎬ we found that this species is distinctꎬ and mostly
similar to Begonia rex Putz. in its fruit morphology. Howeverꎬ it can be easily distinguished by its flat and nearly tri ̄
quetrous superior edge of the major fruit wing. Together with information on its pollen and seeds observed under
Scanning Electronic Microscopeꎬ a revised description for B􀆰 menglianensis is provided.
Key words: Begonia augustineiꎻ Begonia menglianensisꎻ Begonia rexꎻ Revisionꎻ Taxonomy
  Begonia L.ꎬ including ca. 1550 species and 63
sectionsꎬ usually grows in hot and humid habitats
and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical ar ̄
eas in Asiaꎬ America and Africa (Doorenbos et al.ꎬ
1998ꎻ Ku et al.ꎬ 1999ꎻ Shui et al.ꎬ 2002ꎻ Hughesꎬ
2008ꎻ de Wildeꎬ 2011). Begonia sect. Platycentrum
(Klotzsch) A. DCꎬ with about 63 speciesꎬ is one of
the largest sections in China (Shui et al.ꎬ 2002ꎻ Ku
et al.ꎬ 2007). In the past decadesꎬ a number of new
species of sect. Platycentrum have been discovered
in Chinaꎬ viz. B􀆰 coelocentroides Y􀆰 M. Shui & Z􀆰 D.
Wei (Wei et al.ꎬ 2007)ꎬ B􀆰 coptidifolia H􀆰 G. Yeꎬ
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报  2015ꎬ 37 (5): 557~562
Plant Diversity and Resources                                    DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201514132

∗∗
Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070174ꎬ 31370228)ꎬ Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Acad ̄
emy (292010KIBA09)ꎬ the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asiaꎬ Kunming Institute
of Botany (KLBB201205)
Author for correspondenceꎻ E ̄mail: ymshui@mail􀆰 kib􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
Received date: 2014-09-30ꎬ Accepted date: 2015-01-06
作者简介: 杨珍珍 (1990-) 女ꎬ 硕士研究生ꎬ 主要从事植物系统分类学研究ꎮ E ̄mail: yangzhenzhen@mail􀆰 kib􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
F􀆰 G. Wangꎬ Y􀆰 S. Ye & C. I Peng ( Ye et al.ꎬ
2004)ꎬ B􀆰 crocea C. I Peng (Peng et al.ꎬ 2006)ꎬ
B􀆰 hongkongensis F􀆰 W. Xing (Xingꎬ 2005)ꎬ B􀆰 rubinea
H􀆰 Z. Li & H. Ma (Li et al.ꎬ 2005)ꎬ and B􀆰 tetral ̄
obata Y􀆰 M. Shui (Shuiꎬ 2007).
Hereꎬ we studied Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y.
Qian (sect. Platycentrum) (Qianꎬ 2001) from south ̄
western China. Only a few species in this section in
China have up to 2􀆰 5 cm long major wings on the
fruitsꎬ such as B􀆰 coptidifoliaꎬ B􀆰 hongkongensisꎬ
B􀆰 laminariae Irmsch.ꎬ B􀆰 longialata K􀆰 Y. Guan &
D􀆰 K. Tianꎬ B􀆰 rex Putz.ꎬ and B􀆰 versicolor Irmsch.
(Ku et al.ꎬ 2007). Among themꎬ B􀆰 menglianensis
is most similar to B􀆰 rex in leaf and fruit morphologyꎬ
and differs from the other species by its non ̄lobed
leaves. Neverthelessꎬ our study shows that B􀆰 meng ̄
lianensis can be easily diagnosed by its fruit mor ̄
phology.
Based on the presence of short hairs densely
covering the upper surfaces of leavesꎬ Shui et al.
(2002) synonymized B􀆰 menglianensis under B􀆰 aug ̄
ustinei Hemsl. Howeverꎬ the synonymy was consid ̄
ered questionable in the Flora of China (Ku et al.ꎬ
2007). Recentlyꎬ we examined specimens related to
B􀆰 augustinei and B􀆰 menglianensis in BMꎬ HASTꎬ
HITBCꎬ KEWꎬ KIBꎬ PE and made further collec ̄
tions at the type locality of B􀆰 menglianensis. Based
on our observationꎬ we concurred that its specific
status should be resurrected from synonym with
B􀆰 augustineiꎬ and hereby revised the description of
B􀆰 menglianensis.
孟连秋海棠 (Fig􀆰 1)
Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y. Qianꎬ in Acta Phytot ̄
axonomica Sinica. 39 (5): 461ꎬ Fig􀆰 1. 2001.
Type: China. Yunnan: Menglian Countyꎬ alt.
1 800 mꎬ in forestsꎬ 18 Nov. 1993ꎬ Y􀆰 Y. Qian 3310
(holotypeꎬ PE1349772!ꎻ isotypeꎬ HITBCꎬ KUN
0832852!ꎬ SMAO).
Additional specimens examined
China. Yunnan Provinceꎬ Menglian County:
Lafu Villageꎬ Daheishan mtsꎬ 6 Nov. 2010ꎬ J􀆰 W. Li
CX00186 (HITBC)ꎻ same locationꎬ 8 Nov. 2010ꎬ
S􀆰 S. Zhou 7715 (HITBC)ꎻ same locationꎬ alt. 1 800 mꎬ
22°06′44􀆰 47″ Nꎬ 99°25′13􀆰 08″ Eꎬ 19 Jul. 2014ꎬ
Y􀆰 M. Shui et al. B2014 ̄232 (KUN)ꎻ Boundary be ̄
tween China and Myanmarꎬ 6 Nov. 2010ꎬ J􀆰 W. Li
325 (HITBC)ꎻ Lafu Damꎬ alt. 1 450 mꎬ broad ̄leaved
forestꎬ 19 Sep. 2006ꎬ C. I Peng 20969 (HAST)ꎻ
same locationꎬ alt. 1 564 mꎬ 22°07′52􀆰 43″ Nꎬ 99°
26′07􀆰 22″ Eꎬ 18 Jul. 2014ꎬ Y􀆰 M. Shui et al. B2014 ̄
195 (KUN)ꎻ same locationꎬ alt. 1 588 mꎬ 22°07′
44􀆰 26″ Nꎬ 99°25′25􀆰 07″ Eꎬ 19 Jul. 2014ꎬ Y􀆰 M.
Shui et al. B2014 ̄205 (KUN)ꎻ Ximeng County:
Mengsuolongtan Parkꎬ 19 Sep. 2006ꎬ J. Sh. Sheng
s􀆰 n. (YFS)ꎻ same locationꎬ 14 Feb. 2011ꎬ J􀆰 W.
Li CX00158 (HITBC)ꎻ same locationꎬ alt. 1 150-
1 200 mꎬ 22°38′ Nꎬ 99°35′ Eꎬ 7 Feb. 2012ꎬ Y􀆰 M.
Shui et al. B2012 ̄18 (KUN).
Revised species description
Herbs perennialꎬ stemlessꎬ rhizome 3 - 14 cm
longꎬ 0􀆰 5-1􀆰 0 cm in diamꎬ densely covered with 2-
5 cm long ferruginous hairs. Stipules ovate to subtri ̄
angularꎬ 5-15 × 3-5 mm. Leaves: numerousꎬ bas ̄
alꎻ petiole 6-15 cm longꎬ densely covered with 2-5
mm long ferruginous hairsꎻ leaf blade reniform to
broadly ovateꎬ 6-16 × 7-20 cmꎬ unevenꎬ adaxially
blackish greenꎬ abaxially dark greenꎬ margin not
lobedꎬ ferruginously and shortly ciliolateꎬ lateral
veins 4 -7 ̄paired on each side of midribꎬ venation
palmateꎬ abaxially densely covered with 0􀆰 5-1􀆰 0 mm
long ferruginous hairs. Inflorescences axillaryꎬ di ̄
chasiumꎬ 3 - 7 ̄floweredꎻ peduncle 6 - 18 cm longꎬ
laxly covered with 2 - 4 cm long ferruginous hairsꎻ
bracts caduceusꎬ glabrousꎬ triangular to oblongꎬ 5-
7 × 2 - 5 mm. Staminate flowers: pedicel 2 - 5 cm
longꎻ tepals 4ꎬ white to pinkishꎬ outer 2 ovate to
roundꎬ 1􀆰 9-2􀆰 2 × 1􀆰 9-2􀆰 1 cmꎬ sparely and ferru ̄
ginously hairy outsideꎬ inner 2ꎬ broadly obovate or
spatulateꎬ 1􀆰 6-2 × 1􀆰 1-1􀆰 5 cmꎻ stamensꎬ numer ̄
ousꎬ yellowꎬ 0􀆰 3-0􀆰 5 cm longꎬ anthers oblongꎬ 2-
3 mm longꎬ connective obtuse at apexꎻ filaments 1-
855                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
2 mm longꎬ fused at base. Pistillate flowers: pedicel
pink to greenꎬ 1􀆰 7-2􀆰 3 cm longꎬ tepals 5ꎬ white to
pinkꎬ outer 4ꎬ ovate to roundꎬ 1􀆰 4-1􀆰 9 × 0􀆰 6-1􀆰 3
cmꎬ sparely and ferruginously hairy outsideꎬ inner 1
obovateꎬ 1􀆰 5-2 × 1􀆰 3-1􀆰 4 cmꎻ styles 2ꎬ yellowꎬ
0􀆰 6-0􀆰 8 cm longꎬ fused at baseꎬ with stigmatic pa ̄
pillae in a spiral arrangement. Ovary: red to greenꎬ
trigonous or subellipsoidꎬ 0􀆰 8-1 cm longꎬ 2 ̄loculedꎬ
Fig􀆰 1  Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y. Qian (from Y􀆰 M. Shui et al.ꎬ B2012 ̄18ꎬ drawn by ZHANG Rong ̄Mei)
A. Habitꎻ B. Adaxial view of staminate flowersꎻ C. Abaxial view of staminate flowersꎻ D. Adaxial view of pistillate flowersꎻ
E. Side view of pistillate flowersꎻ F. Young fruitꎻ G. Young fruitꎬ upper edge of major wingꎻ H. Young fruitꎬ
lower edge of major wingꎻ I. Hairs on major veins of abaxial leaf surfaceꎻ J. Bract
9555期    YANG Zhen ̄zhen et al.: Notes on the Species Status of Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y. Qian (Begoniaceae)      
placentation axile. Fruit: nearly ellipsoidalꎬ brown ̄
ishꎬ unequally three ̄wingedꎬ lateral wings subequalꎬ
nearly crescent ̄shapedꎬ 0􀆰 4 - 0􀆰 7 cm longꎬ major
wings of fruits nearly oblongꎬ apex roundedꎬ 2􀆰 5 -
3􀆰 2 cm longꎬ upper edge with flat and nearly trique ̄
trous surfaceꎬ the flat surface 1􀆰 5-2 × 0􀆰 7-1 cmꎬ
with 3-5 ridges (Fig􀆰 2: Gꎬ a). Flowering is from
Dec to Febꎬ fruiting is from Jan to Mar.
SEM observation of pollen
Pollen ellipsoidalꎬ 3 ̄zonocolporateꎬ mean size
ca. 21 × 9􀆰 4 μm with a length: width ratio of 2􀆰 2.
Pollen exine coarsely striate with or without pores
and margo up to the polar surfaceꎬ ridge sculpture at
the germ pore (Fig􀆰 3: A-D).
SEM observation of seeds
Seed obovateꎬ mean size ca. 370 × 230 μm with
a length: width ratio of 1􀆰 6. Collar cells polygonalꎬ
ca. 132 μm in lengthꎬ elongated 2/ 3 of the seed
length. The other testa cells oblongꎬ ca. 130 × 20 μmꎬ
less than 1 / 3 of the seed length. The operculum is
broadly nipple ̄shapedꎬ the ornamentation of collar
cell is nearly parallel straight or short undulated. An ̄
ticlinal walls straight (Fig􀆰 3: E-I).
Distribution and habitat
The species is currently known only from Men ̄
glian County and Ximeng County in Yunnanꎬ China.
It grows on shady stone surfaces in evergreen forests
at alt. 1 150-1 800 m.
Fig􀆰 2  Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y. Qian
A. Abaxial leaf surfaceꎻ B. Ferruginous hairs on the petioleꎻ C. Adaxial surface of pistillate flowersꎻ D. Abaxial surface of pistillate flowersꎻ
E. Adaxial surface of staminate flowersꎻ F. Abaxial surface of staminate flowersꎻ G. Young fruitꎬ major wing with flat and nearly triquetrous
superior edge (a)ꎻ H. Side view of young fruit with enlarged inferior edge of the minor fruit wings (b)ꎻ I. Ovary cross ̄sectionꎬ
showing two locules (Scale bar: I = 2 mm). (A-B and E-I taken by SHUI Yu ̄minꎬ C-D taken by ZHAO Dong ̄wei)
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Fig􀆰 3  Micromorphology of pollen and seed of Begonia menglianensis
A-D. Pollen: A. Side ̄viewꎻ B. Polar viewꎻ C. Coarsely striate exine ornamentationꎻ D. Colpus and apertureꎻ E-I. Seed: E. Side ̄viewꎻ
F. Collar cellsꎻ G. Ornamentation of collar cellsꎻ H. other testa cellsꎻ I. Ornamentation of other testa cells (Scale bar: Cꎬ D= 3 μmꎻ
Aꎬ Bꎬ Gꎬ I= 10 μmꎻ H= 50 μmꎻ F= 100 μmꎻ E= 200 μm) (A-D taken by SHUI Yu ̄minꎬ E-I taken by YANG Zhen ̄zhen)
Morphological comparison
Qian (2001) indicated that B􀆰 menglianensis is
similar to B􀆰 versicolor in habit. Howeverꎬ B􀆰 versicolor
has 3 styles and stigmas as well as denseꎬ long tu ̄
bercular setae on leaf abaxial surface. In view of fea ̄
tures of style and stigmaꎬ B􀆰 menglianensis resembles
B􀆰 augustinei in sharing two styles and stigmas. It
considerably differs from B􀆰 augustineiꎬ which has
dense short tubercular setae on the abaxial leaf sur ̄
face and enlarged superior edge of the two minor fruit
wings. On the other handꎬ with subglabrous leaves
and fruits more than 2􀆰 5 cm longꎬ B􀆰 menglianensis is
more similar to B􀆰 rex than to the other two species.
Discussion
The type materials of B􀆰 menglianensis were in
poor condition. Firstlyꎬ the type specimens were in ̄
adequately prepared with numerous holes from in ̄
sects and without mature fruits and detailed collec ̄
tion information. We had no accurate information a ̄
bout the species until we collected it at almost the
same collection site and at the same altitude as
shown in type specimen. Like the type specimensꎬ
the leaves of our newly collected specimens are with
numerous holes from insect damages. This seems to
be a consistent feature of the species at the type lo ̄
cality. Secondlyꎬ the fruit was incorrectly shown in
the figure of the protologue (Qianꎬ 2001)ꎬ which
might be the reason why the species was incorrectly
synonymized under B􀆰 augustinei (Shui et al.ꎬ 2002).
Based on the present studyꎬ the species is unique a ̄
mong the species of sect. Platycentrum for its flat and
1655期    YANG Zhen ̄zhen et al.: Notes on the Species Status of Begonia menglianensis Y􀆰 Y. Qian (Begoniaceae)      
nearly triquetrous superior edge of the major fruit
wings (Fig􀆰 2: Gꎬ a) and enlarged inferior edge of
the two minor fruit wings (Fig􀆰 2: Hꎬ b). Given the
morphological evidence presented hereꎬ the species
status of B􀆰 menglianensis should be resurrected.
Acknowledgements: We thank Michael Möller (RBGE) for
a critical review of the manuscript. Mr. YANG Shao ̄Wu (Xi ̄
meng County)ꎬ Mr. HE Jian ̄Zhu ( Forestry Bureau of Xi ̄
meng County)ꎬ Mr. ZHAO Dong ̄Wei (KIB) for providing
the photos.
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