全 文 ：第 21 卷　第 2 期　　　　　　　　　　　　　植　　　物　　　研　　　究 2001年　4 月
Vol.21　No.2　　　　　　　　　　　BULLETIN OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Apr., 　2001
中国稀有家具用材树种生态学特性及木材学特性
于　伸　毛子军
(东北林业大学 , 哈尔滨　150040)
摘　要　介绍了我国高级家具用材树种的分布 、生态学特性 、木材宏观构造 、木材加工工艺性质及
树种资源保护和利用情况 。研究表明 ,我国高级家具用材树种较少 ,还不到 10 种 ,其中大多数分
布在我国热带 、亚热带地区。我国高级家具用材树种利用过度 ,其中麻楝 、降香黄檀已很少见 ,林
分径级下降 ,资源面临濒危状态。因此 ,对这些种树的保护和人工造林越来越重要和迫切 。
关键词　高级家具;用材树种;中国
ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE WOOD PROPERTIES
OF THE RARE SPECIES USED FOR FURNITURE IN CHINA
YU Shen　MAO Zi-jun
(Northeast Forest ry university ,Harbin 150040)
Abstract　This paper studied and show ed the dist ribution , ecological characteristics , wood g ross
structure , processing technological properties of the wood and the utilization and conservation of rare
species used for furni ture in China.Study showed that there are no t more than 10 species used fo r
high-grade furniture in China.These species dist ribute in the regions of t ropic and sub-tropic of
China.The resources of these species are reducing sharply now .Two of these species(Chukrasia
tabularis A.Juss.and Dalbergia odori fera T .Chen)are very rare and the diameter class of the for-
est is reducing.So the protection and plantation of these species is becoming more important and ur-
gent.
Key words　Noble furniture;Wood species;China
　　Furniture is one of necessaries of life.With the
racing of living standard people pay more at tent ion to
their life quality and their surroundings[ 1] .They be-
gin to used high -grade furniture.Wood furniture
occupies an important place in many kinds of material
types of furniture because of its fine special proper-
ties.For example , wood is a kind of natural material
w ith fine quali ty and g raceful feeling , good-natured
color , fine g rain.Generally the processing and up-
keep of the wood of these species used fo r furniture is
easily.So w ood is the most prized material for mak-
ing furniture
[ 2] .Beside , furniture is tight ly related
with ecological envi ronment.Some developed coun-
tries have draw up “Cri teria for nordic ecolabelling of
furni ture”[ 3] , in w hich the material of furniture are
required.Wood , as the material of furniture hasn t
any negative effect for the surroundings of people.
Wood furni ture is the most popular furniture.
As o rdinary furniture , all kind of w ood can be
used when w ood is in short supply , but better wood
material for furniture is the deciduous t rees w ith mid-
dle grade w eight and hardness , pleasure colo r and
beautiful figured-g rain , good chipped property and
high adhesiveness and varnishing , good formal stabi-
第一作者简介:于伸(1956-),男 ,副教授 ,家具与室内设计。
收稿日期:2001-01-03
lization , non-defo rmation etc[ 4] .
There are about 8 precious species for furniture
in China.They belong to 3 families , 6 genara:1)
Chirassy chit tagong Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss.
(Meliaceae), 2)Common teak Tectona grandis L.
f.(Verbenaceae), 3)Burmacoast padauk Pterocar-
pus indicus Willd.(Leguminosae), 4)Rosewood
Dalbergia odori fera T .Chen (Leguminosae), 5)
Yinzat Dalbergia f usca Pierre (Leguminosae), 6)
Siamese senna Cassia siamea Lam.(Leguminosae),
7)Ormosia hosiei Hemsl.et Wils.(Leguminosae),
8)Ormosia microphyl la Merr (Leguminosae)[ 5 ,6] .
The biological and ecological characteristics of these
species showed in table 1.
Table 1 Biological and ecological characteristics of the rare species used for noble furniture in China
Speciecs
Main morpholo gical characteristics
High of tree/m Diameter of tree/ m Color of bark
High above
see level/m
Distribution
/ Lat.long.
Ecolog ical
characteristcs
Chukrasia tabularis 25 1.0 Grey-brown 18°～ 30°N
90°～ 118°E Photophilous
Tectona grandis 50 2.5 Light-gray-
gray-brown >1200
18°～ 25°N
97°～ 112° Photophilous
Pterocarpus indicus 30 1.5 Light-brown 22°～ 26°N
101°～ 124°E drought resistent
Dalbergia odorifera 20 0.8 Yellow-gray ,
gray-white <600
18°～ 24°N
107°～ 119°E Photophilous
Dalbergia fusca 30 1.0 Gray-dark-gray 900～ 1400 22°～ 23°N
100°～ 105°E Photophilous
Cassia siamea 20 0.4 Gray-Dark-gray 400～ 1400 21°～ 28°N
98°～ 114°E
Photophilous ,
Meagersioltolerant
Ormosia hosiei 20 1.0 gray 500～ 800 22°～ 36°N
100°～ 122°E
Drought resistent
Photophilous
ormosia microphy lla 20 1.0 gray 1000 N24°～ 30°
E105°～ 120° Photophilous
　　The mentioned species are all deciduous species.
Most of them distribute in the tropics and subtropics.
They grow in different height above sea level.The
w ood of all these species has beautiful color.The
g ross structure of them is as below (Table 2).
Table 3 showed the physiological and mechanical
properties of wood of the rare species used fo r furni-
ture in China.From the table w e can see that the
specific gravity of the w ood is 0.536 ～ 0.890g/cm3 ,
the hardness is 500 ～ 1054kgf/cm2.The date of the
o ther indexes of the w ood also show ed being moderate
types.The w ood processing and technological proper-
ties show ed that the w ood of all of these species pos-
sess st rong nail-holding ability and adhesiveness.
These w ood have smooth section , beautiful f igured-
g rain and luster.They possess good fo rmal stability ,
strong ro tten-proof abili ty and ant-resistance.
The mentioned species dist ribute in t ropic and
sub-tropic of China.So their grow th is confined by
region.The wood resources of these rare species are
reducing sharply owing to the exploitation cut ting and
uncontrolled cutting[ 4] .The forest reserve is deplet-
ing suddenly.Two of these species(Chukrasia tabu-
laris A.Juss.and Dalbergia odorifera T .Chen)are
very rare and the diameter class of the Forest is re-
ducing.In order to realize the sustainable forest ry de-
velopment these species must be protected , rationally
developed and utilized.At the same time , we must
make vigorous ef fort to afforestation.Advanced re-
search methodology and biotechnology must be used
to improve genetic materials.Accelerate the availabil-
ity of improved planting stock of the rare species used
for furni ture , to satisfy the needs fo r noble furniture
wood of the people and to accommodate sustainable
development of the forest ry become very urgent.
2912 期　　　　　　　　　　　　　于伸　中国稀有家具用材树种生态学特性及木材学特性
　　Table 2 Wood gross structure of 8 precious species used for furniture in China
Species
Sapwood Hear tw ood
Color Width/cm Color Type of
wood
Axial
parenchyma
Xylemray Lombgrain
Chukrasia
tabularis Gray-red 4 Chest not color Diffuse porous Slight obvious Few or more Clear
Tectona grandis
Yellow-red
Brown-red
Slight-red 3
Slight-brown
brown
Ring porous -
semi-
ring porous
Obvious Few Clear
Pterocarpus indicus Pale-grey - Red-brown - - - -
Dalbergia odorifera. Grey-yellow 2.8～ 5.0 Red-brown ,Dark brown
Semi-ring
porous
diffuse porous
Many and
obvious
Closer or
common clear
Dalbergia fusca
Slight yellow-
brown-grey-
yellow-brown 5～ 7 Dark-brown Diffuse porous
Many and
Obvious
Closer or
common
Clear
Cassia siamea Yellow-brown Chestnutcolor orbrown Diffuse porous Obvious Closer orcommon clear
Ormosia hosiei Slight-yellow
brown
Chestut color Diffuse porous Obvious Closer or
common
clear
Ormosia microphylla Slight-yellow
brown
Dark-red Diffuse porous Obvious Closer or
common
clear
Table 3 Physiological and mechanical properties of the wood of rare species used for furniture in China
Species Locality
Specific gravity
of wood/g/ cm3
Coefficient of
drying/ %
Besic air dry Radial Slash Volume
eng
ing
stre
ngth
/ kg f
/ cm2
Modu
lusof
bend
ing
elasit
city/103kgf/ cm
Compr
ession
stre
ngth
para
llel
to gr
ain
/ kgf/cm2
Impact
tough
tness/kgfm/
cm2
Hardness
/kgf/cm2
End Combslash
Chukrasia tabularis Hainan-dao 0.536 0.592 0.167 0.233 0.434 - - 416 - 619 416 446
Hainan-dao 0.570 0.620 0.170 0.250 0.440 890 - 472 - 585
Tectona gtrandis＊ Yunnan 0.601 0.144 0.263 0.413 1053 102 508 0.466 500 41 48
Jingdong
Dalbergia odorifera Hainan-dao 0.890 0.940 0.220 0.350 0.590 1.288 - 635 - 1033
Dlbergia f usca Yunnan , - 0.990 0.135 0.309 0.476 1.049 115 555 1.29 105410731093
Cassta siamea Xishua ngbanna,
Yunnan , 0.586 0.705 0.201 0.337 0.569 937 113 458 0.720 811 656 698
Xishuangbanna
Ormosia hosiei Zhejian 0.632 0.758 0.130 0.260 0.410 903 108 477 0.500 733 673 620
Ormosiamicrophylla
　　
References
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～ 46
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292 　　　　　　植　　物　　研　　究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　21 卷