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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2009年

关键词：银胶菊；苘麻；稗；化感作用；

Keywords:Parthenium hysterophorus, Abutilon theophrasti, Echinochloa crusgalli, allelopathy,

摘 要 ：通过室内培养皿法,研究了银胶菊叶片水浸提液及其乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相、剩余水相不同极性组分对苘麻和稗种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理生化机制的影响。结果表明,在62.5 g·L^-1水浸提液处理下,苘麻和稗发芽率比对照分别降低86.7%和66.6%,对苘麻和稗幼苗根长的抑制率分别为96.4%和87.5%,大于对芽长、鲜重的抑制率,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相抑制苘麻和稗种子萌发的作用较强,剩余水相抑制苘麻幼苗生长的作用最强,乙酸乙酯相抑制稗幼苗生长的作用最强;在2 g·L^-1浓度处理下,乙酸乙酯相生物活性最高,完全抑制苘麻和稗种子萌发,对苘麻和稗根长、芽长、鲜重抑制率分别为82.6%、90.2%、78.2%和78.8%、86.8%、69.1%;乙酸乙酯相降低了受体的根系活力,提高了其超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量。

Abstract:The allelopathic effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf aqueous extract and its ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and residuary water fraction on the germination, seedling growth, physiological and biochemical mechanism of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. were studied by using indoor Petri dish bioassay method. The germination rate reduced by 86.7% and 66.6% for A.theophrasti and E.crusgalli at 62.5g·L^-1 of aqueous extract respectively, and the inhibition rate of root growth was more than inhibition rates of shoot growth and fresh weight, the inhibition rates of root growth were 96.4% and 87.5% for A.theophrasti and E.crusgalli respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction exhibited more inhibitory effect on germination of A.theophrasti and E.crusgalli than residuary water fraction in three different polarity components, and residuary water fraction exhibited the most inhibitory effect on seedling growth for A.theophrasti while ethyl acetate fraction for E.crusgalli. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest bioactivity, and seed germination of A.theophrasti and E.crusgalli was complete failure at 2g·L^-1, and the inhibition of root growth, shoot growth and fresh weight were 82.6%, 90.2% and 78.2% for A.theophrasti respectively while 78.8%, 86.8% and 69.1% for E.crusgalli respectively. The results of physiological and biochemical indices of receptor indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction decreased root activity, improved SOD and POD activities and increased the content of MDA of treated plants.

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