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作 者 ：张奇春, 王雪芹, 时亚南, 王光火

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 1期 页码：118-123

关键词：水稻土；施肥；微生物；酶活性；

Keywords:microorganism, enzymatic activities,

摘 要 ：采用室内恒温培养方法，研究了不同施肥处理对水稻长期肥料试验中不施肥区（CK）和全肥区（NPK）土壤酶活性及微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明，施肥处理（单施化肥、施猪粪和施秸杆）可以显著提高土壤的微生物量碳以及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性，施用有机肥的效果明显大于单施化肥； 有机肥在无肥区（CK）的施用效果与在全肥区（NPK）的效果接近。PLFA分析表明，施肥使无肥区（CK）土壤微生物群落结构发生了显著的变化，施用有机肥显著增加了土壤微生物群落结构的多样性。与不施肥和单施化肥相比，施有机肥主要增加了细菌和真菌的特征脂肪酸如不饱和脂肪酸、环状脂肪酸cy19∶0等的相对含量，而降低了放线菌标记性脂肪酸10Me18∶0的相对含量。

Abstract:The effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil ecological characteristics of microorganism of fertilizer omission plots (CK) and whole NPK plots (NPK) in a long-term fertilization experiment for rice were investigated. The results show the soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass C were significantly increased under the fertilization, and organic manure has much larger effect than that of the pure chemical fertilizers (CF). The application of organic manure in the CK soil and the NPK soil has similar effect on enzyme activity and microbial biomass C. The results of PLFAs show the composition of the microbial community of the CK soil is changed by different organic fertilization treatments. Organic manure application has substantial impact on the microbical diversity of the soil. It mainly increased the mole percentage of the PLFA biomarker unsaturated fatty acids, cyclopropane cy19∶0 for bacteria and fungi, and reduced the 10 Me18∶0 mole percentage of the PLFA for actinomycetes.

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