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作 者 ：沙之敏1, 2， 边秀举3， 郑 伟2， 李文娟2， 何 萍2*

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 5期 页码：1049-1055

关键词：winter wheat；optimum nutrient management；nutrient uptake and utilization；

Keywords:冬小麦, 最佳养分管理, 养分吸收和利用,

摘 要 ：针对华北地区小麦施肥过量和不平衡、产量和肥料利用率较低的现象，进行了河南、山东、河北3个小麦主产区最佳养分管理、农民习惯施肥和减素处理对冬小麦产量、养分吸收、利用和经济效益影响的田间试验。结果表明，在山东和河北较高肥力地区，最佳施肥处理（OPT）与农民习惯施肥（FP）处理相比在减少氮肥施用5.4%和43.8%的情况下，分别提高氮肥回收利用率7.7和4.5个百分点; 在河南低肥力地区，OPT处理在比FP处理增加10%氮肥施用量的情况下，冬小麦增产12.5%，氮肥回收利用率提高了13.0个百分点。同时，OPT处理钾肥和磷肥的回收利用率也有不同程度的提高。由于地区土壤肥力和养分供应能力变异较大，基于土壤养分测定和目标产量的优化养分管理很有必要且切实可行。

Abstract:Overuse and unbalanced fertilization is the most important problem for wheat production in North China Plain, and it is one of reasons for low yield and low nutrient use efficiency. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of optimum nutrient management practice(OPT), farmers practice(FP)and a check without fertilization(CK)on wheat yield, nutrient uptake and utilization, and net return of winter wheat production in Henan, Shandong and Hebei Provinces. The results show that the N recovery efficiencies of the OPT treatment in fields with high soil nutrient levels in Shandong and Hebei Provinces are increased by 7.7% and 4.5% respectively, under the reductions of N fertilizer by 5.4% in Shandong and 43.8% in Hebei; While in Henan Province with low soil nutrient level, winter wheat yield and N recovery efficiency are increased by 12.5% and 13.0% under the balanced OPT treatment with only 10% more N fertilizer input. In addition, P and K recovery efficiencies of the OPT treatment are improved as well. Because there are significant variations of soil fertility and nutrient supplying ability among regions, the soil test and target yield management practice is a feasible approach for optimum fertilization.

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