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作 者 ：卢艳丽, 白由路, 王磊, 王贺, 杜君, 王志勇

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 1期 页码：209-215

关键词：中低产田；小麦玉米轮作；缓控释肥；硝态氮；产量；

Keywords:medium-low yield field, wheat-maize rotation, slow/controlled release fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen, yield,

摘 要 ：田间试验以常规施肥为对照，分析了华北平原北部小麦-玉米轮作区缓控释肥不同配比和用量土壤硝态氮含量和产量性状的变化。结果表明，常规用量分次施肥（100%UD）处理，土壤中NO^-₃-N含量在小麦生育后期仍然维持较高的水平，并且穗数、千粒重以及产量相对较高; 缓控释肥处理土壤中硝态氮（NO^-₃-N）含量与100%UD相比处于较低的水平，但产量无显著差异。玉米生长季缓控释肥表现出了明显优势，肥料利用率提高，玉米穗秃尖长度减小; 其中减少20%用量的缓控释肥处理（80%SCR）产量显著高于常规施肥处理，增产达到18.3 %。缓控释肥缓慢释放的特性有利于被作物及时充分吸收，减少了在土壤中因淋失而造成浪费的机会，从而使得肥料利用率提高。从小麦、玉米两季的变化情况来看，还需要进一步优化肥料在不同生长季之间的配置，使缓控释肥料发挥其最大潜力，实现小麦玉米产量双高产和经济效益、环境效益同步提高。

Abstract:In contrast to traditional fertilizing, nitrate nitrogen content in soil and yield factors of wheat-maize applied slow/controlled release fertilizer with different amounts and rates in North China was analyzed. The results indicated that nitrate nitrogen content still maintain high level during late growing period, and the yield traits such as panicle number, 1000-grain weight as well as actual yield keep high level if fertilized according to recommendation at the ratio of 6∶4∶2 at pre-sowing, reviving and jointing respectively (the treatment named as 100%UD). The formulated slow/controlled release fertilizer (CSR) showed lower nitrate nitrogen content in soil, but had no influence on yields compared with 100%UD. CSR showed a positive impact on maize production, e.g. increased fertilizer use efficiency, decreased bare top length. The yield of 80%SCR is 18.3% higher than that of 100%UD. Crop could absorb nutrient timely and fully with the application of SCR because the nutrient is released slowly and avoided of the loss risk by leaching. On the whole, further study on how to optimize SCR fertilization distribution during the wheat and maize growing season was needed for the purpose of increasing economic and environmental benefits simultaneously.

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