作 者 ：林诚 王飞 何春梅 李清华 李昱 林新坚
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 3期 页码：541-549
关键词：长期施肥；有机-无机肥配施；黄泥田；全磷；有效磷；无机磷；有机磷；
Keywords:long-term fertilization, organic - inorganic fertilizer, the yellow paddy field, total phosphorus, available phosphorous, inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus,
摘 要 ：基于福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验，研究不同施肥对土壤有效磷、 全磷演变及磷库组分的影响。结果表明，双季稻年份，各施肥处理土壤有效磷与全磷含量呈年际上升趋势，单季稻年份则呈年际下降趋势，而不施肥（CK）则均呈下降趋势，尤其是有效磷，较试验前土壤下降了64.9%。试验第26年，与 CK相比，化肥（NPK）、 化肥+牛粪（NPKM）、 化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）处理的土壤总无机磷（TIP）含量增加了46.2%~114.2%、 总有机磷（TOP）含量增加了16.0%~41.8%、 全磷（TP）含量增幅为29.2%~73.8%，均达到显著差异水平，其中均以NPKM处理增幅最大。与试验前土壤相比，CK处理的土壤无机磷总含量降低，但有机磷总含量增加，其中无机磷以Al-P组分的耗竭速率相对最大，而有机磷以中等稳定性组分增幅相对最大; 与CK相比，施肥处理均提高了Al-P与Ca-P在全磷中的比例，而降低了各有机磷组分在全磷中的比例; 与试验前土壤相比，各处理总无机磷/总有机磷 (TIP/TOP) 的比值均呈下降趋势，但施肥的降幅较低，尤其是NPKM处理，TIP/TOP比值与有机质含量呈显著正相关。黄泥田不论施肥与否，土壤中有机磷含量均呈增加的趋势，NPKM处理对提高土壤有效磷、 无机磷、 有机磷库含量最为明显，但NPKS与NPK处理的无机磷库与有机磷库组分含量无明显差异。拟合方程显示，双季稻栽培模式下土壤有效磷含量为17.56 mg/kg、 单季稻栽培模式下有效磷含量为16.94 mg/kg时，作物产量可达最高。
Abstract:Based on data collected in a long term fertilization experiment in yellow paddy fields in Fujian, effect of different long-term fertilization on soil available phosphorous(AP), total phosphorus(TP) and phosphorus component was studied. The results show that the contents of AP and TP are increased with the age of experiment in the fertilization treatments in the double-rice system and decreased in the single-rice system, while the contents of the no- fertilizer treatment (CK) are decreased in both double and single rice terms, especially the content of AP which is reduced by 64-9%. In the 26th year of the fertilization experiment, compared with CK, the contents of total inorganic P(TIP), total organic P(TOP) and TP are increased markedly (P< 0.01) by 46.2%-114.2%, 16.0%-41.8% and 29.2%-73.8% in NPK, NPKM and NPKS, respectively, and the highest growth rate is found in the treatment of NPKM. Compared with the soil before the experiment, the content of soil TIP in the CK treatment is decreased while the content of TOP is increased, and the Al-P component is decreased fast, and the increased rate of moderate stability component is the highest in TOP. The ratios of Al-P and Ca-P to TP in the fertilization treatments are higher than those of CK, while the ratio of organic phosphorus to TP is lower. There is a decline trend of the ratio of TIP to TOP in all experiment treatments, and the ratios in the fertilization treatments are higher than that of CK, especially the treatment of NPKM. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the ratio of TIP to TOP and the content of organic matter (P< 0.01). The contents of organic phosphorus in yellow paddy soil have increasing trends with experiment age in both the fertilization treatments and CK. The effect of the NPKM treatment on increasing the contents of AP, inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus are the most significant among different treatments, but the differences among the contents of the inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus components in the treatments of NPKS and NPK are not significant. Under the cultivation patterns of double and single cropping rice in yellow paddy fields, the highest crop yields are achieved when the contents of available phosphorus are 17.56 mg/kg and 16.94 mg/kg, respectively.
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