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作 者 ：孙丽敏 李春杰 何萍 刘孟朝 胡景辉

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 5期 页码：1099-1106

关键词：长期施肥；潮土；作物产量；钾素状况；

Keywords:long-term fertilization, fluvo-aquic soil, crop yield, K status,

摘 要 ：以河北冲积平原典型潮土区小麦-玉米轮作长期定位试验（19922009年）为基础，分析了长期施用钾肥和秸秆还田对作物产量、 土壤钾含量及钾素平衡的影响。研究结果表明，不同处理下小麦、 玉米17年平均产量均表现为NPKSt>NPK>NPSt>NP，其中，小麦、 玉米NPKSt处理比NP处理分别增产9.37%和19.23%，NPK处理比NP处理分别增产6.32%和18.25%; NPSt处理比NP处理分别增产2.76%和9.60%; 长期定位施肥下，各处理耕层土壤（0—20 cm）各施钾肥的处理其速效钾、 缓效钾含量均与NP处理差异极显著，且表现为NPKSt>NPK>NPSt>NP; 各处理下层土壤（20—40 cm）的速效钾、 缓效钾含量差异均不显著，从钾素平衡看，NP处理钾素表观年盈亏量为-170.0 kg/hm²，土壤钾严重亏缺; NPSt处理实际平衡盈亏率-58.4%，表观年盈亏量为-150.6 kg/hm²; NPK处理钾素表观年盈亏量-3.1 kg/hm²，盈亏率-1.0%，基本接近平衡; NPKSt处理实际平衡盈亏率36.8%，表观年盈亏量为111.4 kg/hm²。试验结果说明，在潮土区，在施氮、 磷肥的基础上，配施钾肥或秸秆还田不仅能持续提高小麦、 玉米的高产、 稳产生产能力， 而且对保持农田土壤钾素平衡、 有效改善耕层土壤钾素状况、 提高土壤肥力有重要的作用。

Abstract:With the aim to provide the theoretical basis for sustainably increasing crop yield, productivity, and nutrient management in fluvoaquic soil of Hebei Province, the effects of the longterm application of K fertilizers and straw returning on crop yield, soil K content and potassium balance were analyzed using the data obtained from the longterm K localization experiment (1992-2009) under wheatmaize rotation system. The results reveal that the 17-year average yields of wheat and maize are in an order as NPKSt > NPK > NPSt > NP, which is similar to the effects of the K fertilizer application. Compared to the NP mode, the yields of wheat and maize under the NPKSt mode are increased by 9.37% and 19.23% respectively, the yields of wheat and maize under the NPK mode are increased by 6.32% and 18.25% respectively, and the yields of wheat and maize under the NPSt mode are increased by 2.76% and 9.60% respectively. The nutrient analysis indicates that the contents of available potassium and slowly releasing potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layers under the modes of NPKSt, NPK and NPSt are significantly different from those under the NP mode, showing an order as NPKSt > NPK > NPSt > NP, while no significant differences in the contents of available potassium and slowly releasing potassium in 20 to 40 cm soil layers are found between the four fertilizing modes. The nutrient balance analysis discloses that the profit and loss annually of K under the NP mode is -170.0 kg/ha, indicating that potassium is seriously deficiency in soil, the real surplus and deficit rate under the NPSt mode is -584% and the annual profit and loss of K is -150.6 kg/ha, the profit and annual loss of K and the real surplus and deficit rate under the NPK mode are nearly in balance and they are -3.1 kg/ha and -1.0% respectively, while under the NPKSt mode, the balance index of K is 1.37, the real surplus and deficit rate is 36.8% and the profit and loss annually of K is 111.4 kg/ha. These results demonstrate that the longterm application of K fertilizers and straw returning in fluvo-aquic soils of wheatmaize rotation fields have significant effects on yield increase and soil potassium balance.

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