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作 者 ：叶优良1;3;包兴国2;宋建兰1;孙建好2;李隆1;张福锁1;李庆江1;周丽莉1

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2004年 10卷 2期 页码：113-119

关键词：长期施肥；小麦玉米间作；产量；吸氮量；硝态氮；

Keywords:long-term fertilization, wheat/maize intercropping, yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrate-N,

摘 要 ：对连续14年施用不同肥料后,春小麦.春玉米间作下,土壤硝态氮的累积和分布,作物产量及对氮素的吸收利用进行了研究。结果表明,在施农家肥120t.hm²(M)、绿肥45t.hm²(G)、秸杆10.5t.hm²(S)、N375kg.hm²(N)、农家肥60t.hm²+N187.5kg.hm²[1/2(M+N)]、绿肥22.5t.hm²+N187.5kg.hm²[1/2(G+N)]、秸杆5.25t.hm²+N187.5kg.hm²[1/2(S+N)]和CK等8个处理中,土壤剖面硝态氮的累积和分布以N处理最高,地上部N浓度和吸N量以N、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)处理较高,但3处理间无明显差别。间作小麦子粒产量和生物学产量以M、G、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)等处理较高,间作玉米子粒产量和生物学产量以1/2(G+N)、N、G和1/2(M+N)等处理较高。氮肥利用率以1/2(S+N)处理最高,1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)低于1/2(S+N)、S和N处理,但高于M、G处理。说明氮肥与农家肥或绿肥配合施用,既能增加作物产量,提高氮素吸收利用,又可减少土壤中硝态氮的累积。

Abstract:After 14 years long-term fertilization, NO~-_3-N accumulation in soil profile, nitrogen uptake and utilization by intercropped wheat and maize was investigated. The results showed that among manure120 t/hm²2(M),green manure 45 t/hm²(G),straw 10.5 t/hm²(S), N375 kg/hm²(N), manure 60 t/hm²+ N187.5 (kg/hm²), green manure 22.5 t/hm²+ N187.5kg/hm², straw 5.25 t/hm²+ N187.5 kg/hm²and CK treatments,soil NO₃^--N concentration and accumulation was the highest with N 375 km/hm² application, above-ground nitrogen concentration and nitrogen uptake were higher with N, 1/2(M+N) and 1/2(G+N) treatments, but among three treatments existed no significant difference. Grain yields and biomass of intercropped wheat were higher with M,G,1/2(M+N) and 1/2(G+N) treatments, and intercropped maize were higher with 1/2(G+N), N, M and 1/2(M+N) treatments. Nitrogen use efficiency was the highest with 1/2(S+N) treatment, 1/2(M+N) and 1/2(G+N) treatment were lower than 1/2(S+N),S and N treatments,but were higher than that of M and G treatments. It suggested that nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic matter could increase grain yields, enhance nitrogen concentration and uptake, reduce nitrate accumulation in soils.

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