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,2016,36(6):1216-1224
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犈犳犳犲犮狋狅犳犅犻狅犮犺犪狉犪狀犱犉犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉狅狀犆犗2犪狀犱犆犎4犈犿犻狊狊犻狅狀
犳狉狅犿犛狆狉犻狀犵犕犪犻狕犲犇狉狔犾犪狀犱
LIXiuyun1,ZHANGHongpei1,SHENYufang1,2,LIShiqing2
(ColegeofNaturalResourcesandEnvironment,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China;2StateKey
LaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingonLoessPlateau,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Withtheaimofinvestigatingtheeffectsofbiocharandnitrogeninputontheseasonvariationof
carbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4)fluxes,wemeasuredCO2andCH4cumulativeemission,CO2+
CH4emissionintensityindryfarmland.AfieldexperimentwasperformedovertwoyearstomeasureCO2
andCH4emissionsbycontinuousobservationusingstaticchambertechnique.Soiltemperatureandmois
turewerealsomeasuredatthesametime.Threetreatmentswerelaidoutwiththreereplicatesperexperi
ment:C0N0(nobiochar,noN),C0N1(nobiochar,225kg·hm-2),C1N1(50t·hm-2biochar,225kg·
hm-2).Theresultsshowedthat:(1)thedryspringmaizefarmlandwassourceforCO2underthreetreat
mentsduringtheexperimentalperiod.TheratesofCO2emissionincreasedandpeakedonthe22thJune
2014andthe1stJuly2015duringthemaizegrowingseason.Theratesthendecreasedandweremaintained
atarelativelylowlevelduringthefalowseason.BiocharandnitrogenamendmentsdecreasedtheCO2flux
andcumulativeCO2emissionduringthemaizegrowingseason.(2)ThefluxandcumulativeCO2emission
weresignificantlylowerinC1N1treatmentthanthatinC0N0treatmentduringthetwospringmaizegrow
ingseasons.(3)TherewassignificantlypositivecorrelationbetweenCO2fluxandsoiltemperature.Both
exponentialequationandquadraticequationcouldbeusedtosimulatetherelationships,ofwhichthecorre
lationof10cmtemperaturewasbetterthanof0cmtemperature.TheCO2fluxhadnegativecorrelation
withsoilmoisture.(4)TheCH4fluxwasbetween-16.08-73.96μg·m
-2·h-1foralofthetreat
ments,andwassinkforCH4.BiocharandnitrogenamendmentsincreasedtheCH4fluxandcumulative
CH4emissionduringthemaizegrowingseasonwhichwerealsoaffectedbyannualenvironmentalfactors.
TheCH4emissionhadpositivecorrectionwithsoilmoisturebutnegativewithsoiltemperature.Theaddi
tionofbiocharandnitrogencouldreduceCO2andincreaseCH4fluxesandcumulativeemissionfromdry
farmland.Comprehensiveconsiderationoftwoaspects,areasonableadditionofnitrogenandbiochar
wouldbebeneficialforcontrolinggreenhousegasemissionfromdryfarmland.Briefly,biocharandnitrogen
amendmentsignificantlyincreasedtheyieldofmaize,whilereducedCO2+CH4emissionsintensitysignificantly.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:biochar;nitrogenousfertilizer;carbondioxide;methane;dryfarmland
CO2 CH4 üyTýþLM`RSTU,P
/ÿrXu²ÜstüuM`{!"
[1]。
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ÙÚ×ØCO2 CH4 `VW[4]。Zim
merman%[5].JöËK$Ým:nÈ
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9t·hm-2K$Ýò¤CH4 `ïð。Feng
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[7]
qøúûr
súûrtuv`×Ø
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。
é57%
dq¦¤K$6x¹ CO2 CH4 `V
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[89]。
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CH4 `VW
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1.3 ]^_S7]^`a
1.3.1 bcdeFfg7Ph ª«¬®¯l
±T²³´µ¾ÃCO2 CH4 `VWa。
`ªê±ëì±UíîýTp
,
Ê£ïð
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ä
、
)Ê50cm,±É¢µñ«èªê¿
ÖÀ±ÉTU
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n
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ûüöý45cm)[13]。Éáªê¿(8:30~
10:30)cþ±ÿ¸íî÷T`!",«o¬j,#
ü±Éò$T¥%
,
pÙè0、10、20、30min«
50mL&á(J±ÉTU50mL,è12hÉ«
Agilent7890A T²³´)(AgilentTechnologies
inc.)¾ÃpCO2 CH4 *。KÕÉ2~5d
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á
。CO2、CH4 VWa`?-Ï®:
犉=273/(273+犜)×2/22.4×60×犎×犱犮/犱狋
®
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C、CH4C?,/pÙ mg·m-2·h-1、μg·
m-2·h-1);12É01CO2、CH4 C`&ß;
22.4R273K¿CO2、CH4 `01U;犎
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-1·min-1),ª«4æ56^t?-。7Q
Tê*
¿í`Üm84?-TU`VWa
,
¤9ZÊ02;KÈCO2 CH4 `VW。
1.3.2 => 犆犗2、犆犎4 FBCij ª« CO2、
CH4 `VW(greenhousegasintensity,犌犎
犌犐)4E/fø`CO2、CH4 VW[14],5
:
:犌犎犌犐(kg·t-1)=犌犠犘/犢
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。
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0~20cmÀê,«FGµ¾Ãêo。×
oßQ46Õ =6rT¡
(
Å1)。
1.4 qrst
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ºn?p
,
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2 ÄÅ
p
2.1 456u89:;0<=>?@犆犗2 BCF
GH
2.1.1 VW(v犆犗2 BCwp 2ô ÈÉ,3
§¨©kcfPQCO2 VWaH;+,
Å1 Èí`×o
Fig.1 Precipitationduringtheexperiment
8121 ! " # $ % & 36I
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(
Å2)。Ö¨©CO2 VWaFfKÕLÈâ
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nÇMKÈ`¹tNOòy
,
PpÙè2014
ô6Ä22¸2015ô7Ä1¸KËVWÏÐ。u
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ôpÙ267.04275.56mg·m-2·h-1,C0N1
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C1N1 ¨©pÙ282.01263.66mg·m-2·
h-1。ìnÇf#æQü,dX#$yTR
X×é`K
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R§Ùªê¿ÈKËS¿íCO2 V
WaâyTrò
,
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。
¶¿
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Ö¨©PQ+,ÈCO2 VWa
ÊUVFâØoZ
。
F, `2§KÕÉ,k
cfPQCO2 ZÊVWaÊÆËC0N0>
C0N1>C1N1;
C0N0 ²u,C0N1 C1N1 ¨©
CO2 ZÊVWapÙ×Ø4.05%7.79%,Ì2
ÙÚ
(犘<0.05),W C0N1
C1N1 í2£Ù
Ú
。
ÁB
,
K$
X¶c«fKÕ
ÉCO2 VW×Ø\ÅYÙÚ。
2.1.2 4xyv犆犗2 BCzp , £¶¨©
2§KÕPQCO2 VW(Æ1)F3525.83~
4152.13kg·hm-2ìí。
C0N0 ¨©²u,C0N1
¨©fKÕCO2 VWF20142015
ôpÙ×Ø3.12%5.67%,nd2ÙÚ(犘<
0.05);W C1N1 fKÕ CO2 VWF
20142015ôpÙ×Ø6.52%7.67%,Ì2
ÊÙÚ
(犘<0.05)。
C0N1 ²u,C1N1 ¨©f
KÕCO2 VWF20142015ôpÙ×
Ø4.69%2.12%,Ì*d2ÙÚ。¶¿,uâ
fKÕCO2 VWôõöË,
2014
ô²u
,2015ôC0N0、C0N1、C1N1 ¨©CO2 VW
pÙ²]ÙÚ×Ø8.03%、10.45%9.16%
(犘<0.05)。U÷, £¶¨©í£¶ôõ
í`KÕCO2 VW2ÊÙÚ(Æ1)。
2.2 456789:;0<=>?@犆犎4 wpF
GH
2.2.1 VW(犆犎4 BCwp Ö¨©kcf
PQCH4 VWaF-16.08~-73.96μg·m
-2
·h-1ìí,Ì£¶¨©íVWaTrH;
+,ÎJ
,
ÆÇkcfPQyTCH4 `îï
ðñ
,
KÕâ+,ïð\]YÙÚ
(
Å3)。
C0N0、C0N1 C1N1 ¨©`PQCH4 ZÊïða
F2014ôKÕpÙ48.97、47.6441.12
μg·m
-2·h-1,F2015ôZpÙ47.33、46.95
44.68μg·m
-2·h-1;
C0N0 ²u,C0N1 ¨©2
ô`KÕCH4 ZÊïða×Ø1.78%,C1N1
ZZÊÙÚ×Ø10.81%(犘<0.05);
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ôpÙ×Ø13.67%4.82%。Ý[,K$
Ê×ØkcfPQCH4 `ZÊïða,
ò¤PQCH4 VW。
2.2.2 4xy犆犎4 BCzp Æ1Ù;,f
KÕC0N0、C0N1 C1N1 ¨©PQCH4VW
F2014ôpÙ-1.60、-1.56-1.38kg·hm-2,
\A¨Æ;f#æQü¿í
;MSFSpÙÆ;fKÕ+,È;X¶
Å2 £¶¨©kcfPQCO2 arl
Arrowsdenotethedateofmaizebroken.MSandFSdenotethemaizegrowingseasonandfalowseason,
respectively.Thesameasbelow
Fig.2 DynamicofCO2fluxindryspringmaizefarmlandwithdifferenttreatments
91216È BCD,%:K$
kcfPQCO2 CH4 VW`
{1 <=>4xy|}st犆犗2、犆犎4 BCzpuBCij
Table1 DifferencesinCO2,CH4cumulativeandintensityemissionwithdifferent
treatmentsduringthespringmaizegrowingseason
¨©
Treatment
CO2VW
CO2cumulativeemission
/(kg·hm-2)
CH4VW
CH4cumulativeemission
/(kg·hm-2)
(CO2+CH4)VW
CO2+ CH4emissionintensity
/(kg·t-1)
ø
Yield/(t·hm-2)
2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015
C0N0 4152.13a 3818.63a -1.60b -1.40b 5464.35c 3688.87c 2.76c 3.76c
C0N1 4022.50a 3602.10b -1.56b -1.38ab 1661.11b 1295.32b 8.90b 10.10b
C1N1 3881.35b 3525.83b -1.38a -1.34a 1425.03a 1191.29a 9.90a 10.75a
&
:
¶]£¶@^Æ;¨©í2_0.05oZ,¶ºpÙÆ;¨©Éôõí2_`0.050.01oZ;X¶。
Note:Thevalueswithincolumnsfolowedbydifferentlettersaresignificantldifferentsesat0.05level,whiletheand withinthe
samerowindicatesignificantdifferencebetweenyearsat0.05and0.01level,respectively.Thesameasbelow
Å3 £¶¨©kcfPQCH4 arl
Fig.3 DynamicofCH4fluxindryspringmaizefarmlandwithdifferenttreatments
F2015ôpÙ-1.40、-1.38-1.34kg·
hm-2;
C0N0 ¨©²u,C0N1 ¨©×Øf
KÕPQCH4 ïð,uF20142015ôp
Ù×Ø2.23%1.59%,é2Ê£ÙÚ;C1N1 ¨
©ZpÙ²]×Ø13.61%4.21%,Ì2014ô_
`ÙÚoZ
(犘<0.05);
C0N1 ¨©²u,C1N1 ¨
©2014ôKÕCH4 ïð5ÙÚ×Ø。¶
¿
,
u⣶ôõKÕCH4 ïðöË,2015
ô£¶ ¨©`CH4 ïðÊu²]`2014
ô¨©×Ø
。
aò
,^
2pÄÅÆÇ
(
Æ1),f
KÕCH4 VWF £¶¨©í2æ
_bÙÚoZ
,
ÌôõíX¨©
ôõ¥c\]2
ÊbÙÚ
(犘<0.01)。
2.3 456、89:;0?@<=>~pu犆犗2
A犆犎4 BCijFGH
Èí£¶K$、¨©føXu
CO2 CH4 VW[Æ1。
C0N0 ²u,C0N1
¨©2014、2015ôføpÙÙÚò¤222.5%
168.6%,¶È C1N1 ¨©ZpÙÙÚò¤
288.7%185.9%(犘<0.05); ²¶¨©ôõ
í`fø25Ê_ÙÚoZ
。
¶¿
,
C0N0
²u
,C0N1 ¨©2014、2015ôfKÕCO2+
CH4 VWpÙÙÚ×Ø69.60%64.89%,
¶ÈC1N1 ¨©ZpÙÙÚ×Ø73.92%67.71%
(犘<0.05); ²¶¨©ôõí`KÕCO2+
CH4 VW2ÊbÙÚ(犘<0.01)。Ý[,¥
«K$U÷ÙÚò¤kcPQf
ø
,
ÙÚÓÔPQCO2+CH4 VW。
2.4 ;0<=>?@klmj、nopu7
犆犗2、犆犎4 BCpFK
£¶¨©2§KÕêoR`
rlÅ48;。u,20142015ôKÕ
0~20cm Àêo`Tr
¨©íêo`H;+,ÎJ
,
LMó×
ép`
(
Å1)。¶¿,.JÆÇ,R5
ü CO2 CH4 a`aÎMvwÁ
Â
[13]。
, £¶¨©ZÊRH;+,
0221 ! " # $ % & 36I
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U÷ÊÍËãò¤n×Ø`H;
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RefNOg)
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Ã8ÄLefh×Ø(Å4)。
Å4 kcfPQopXR`rl
Fig.4 Dynamicofmoistureandsoiltemperature
indryspringmaizefarmland
¹Îi²ÜæpöË(Å5),2§fKÕ
PQCO2 VWa
0~20cmÀêo
ÍÎÃ`ë²ÜÜm
,
Ý«Þß^tàá^t
àdÜm¹ºäå
;CH4 VWa`rl5ó
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ò¤
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PQCH4 `VWaò¤;CH4 a
êoÍËbÙÚ`Û²ÜÜm
(犘<0.01),Þß
^tàá^tÊÝdâãäåàdÜm
。
Bò,PQCO2 VWa
RÍbÙÚ
Û²ÜÜm
(
Æ2),àá^tÞß^tÊÝdâ
ãäåCO2 a
010cmR`Üm,Ì
Þß^tjÃmß
(犚2)yèàá^t;PQCO2 V
Wa
10cmR²ÜæÙÚ)è0cm
R
(犘<0.05)。¶¿,ÇM010cmR
g)
,
PQCH4 ïðaò¤,ýdíÍË
ÙÚ`ë²ÜÜm
(犘<0.05),«Þß^täå`
犚2 pÙ0.2110.293,W«àá^täå`犚2
pÙ0.2140.297,CH4 VW
10cmR
²Üæ5ÙÚ)èkÀ0cmR。lÆÇ
Rg)
,
7ÍèCH4 `ïðù。
Å5 fKÕCO2、CH4 a
uZÊêo`²Üæ
Fig.5 ThecorrelationbetweensoilCO2andCH4fluxandsoilmoistureduringthespringmaizegrowingseason
12216È BCD,%:K$
kcfPQCO2 CH4 VW`
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Table2 ThefittingequationbetweenCO2andCH4fluxandsoiltemperatureduringthespringmaizegrowingseason
Þm
Index
À
Soillayer/cm
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2 Þß^t
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2
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CO2flux
0 狔= -241.83+30.65狓-0.5826狓2 0.397 狔=17.37犲0.097狓 0.448
10 狔= -93.77+15.35狓-0.1679狓2 0.469 狔=16.93犲0.106狓 0.581
CH4a
CH4flux
0 狔= -12.76-1.87狓+0.0063狓2 0.214 狔=-22.93犲0.036狓 0.211
10 狔= -32.98+0.72狓-0.0773狓2 0.297 狔=-21.01犲0.043狓 0.293
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