摘 要：利用横断面的CT数据建立具有高度几何材料相似性的用油锯伐木作业时伐木工腰椎节段L4-L5的三维有限元模型，分析伐木作业时伐木工弯腰和直立状态椎体、椎间盘和小关节的受力变化。通过本研究建立的L 4-L5腰椎模型进行有限元分析，结果发现： 伐木工伐木作业前屈时，椎间盘所受应力主要集中在外层纤维的中后部，在后部更为明显； 椎体应力值高于其下方髓核应力值，邻近椎体终板应力明显高于其他部位，应力分布在皮质骨椎弓周围及邻近终板的地方，椎体后部结构应力集中在小关节上下关节突与椎弓根等位置； 伐木工处于中立位时，椎间盘所受应力主要集中在纤维环后外侧； 最大应力产生的部位有椎体松质骨临近终板的中央部位、椎体前方及前下方，这恰好是楔形压缩性骨折的好发部位，上下关节突亦受压。
Abstract： The threedimensional finite element model of lumbar vertebrae(L4-L 5) with similar geometrical structure and material character, which can be used to analyze lumbar vertebrae biomechanics for the lumbermen using chain saw in forest harvesting. The research studied von mises tress on the vertebrae,intervertebral disc and zygapophysial joint while the lumbermen stoop and stand, the results were following: stress concentration at inervertebral disc was found at middleposterior location of exterior annulus fibrosus, posterior location in flexion especially evident. Von mises stress at vertebral body is higher than that of the below nucleus pulposus, von mises stress at the endplate of adjacent vertebral body is higher than that of other location, the stress focused on around vertebrae arch of compact bone and adjacent endplate, stress concentration occurs at up and down articular processes of facet joints and pedicle of vertebral arch, for the posterior structure of vertebrae. When the lumbar vertebrae was subjected vertical compression, for the intervetebral disc, the stress concentration at the posteriorexterior location, the max von mises tress focused on center of adjacent endplate of spongy bone, anterior and anteriorbelow vertebral body, there is easy catagmatic location of cuniform compressibility fracture, the same to up and down articular processes of facet joints.
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