对1972—2005年大兴安岭林区雷击火特征及其与Palmer干旱指数(PDSI)和Keetch-Byram干旱指数(KBDI)的关系分析表明: 雷击火主要发生在5—9月,峰值出现在6月,约占全年雷击火次数的42%; 雷击火的最大过火面积出现在5月和6月,约占全年过火总面积的85%。雷击火发生次数和面积的月动态均呈单峰型曲线变化,不同干旱指数的动态不同,其中KBDI的月动态呈单峰型曲线变化,5,6,7月最干旱; 而PDSI则呈弱单峰型曲线变化,5月较干旱,6月和7月则较湿润。雷击火的年发生次数与9月的PDSI (R2=0.47,P<0.01)或6月和8月的KBDI (R2=0.57,P<0.01)关系密切,年过火总面积则与8月的PDSI(R2=0.20,P<0.01)或6月的KBDI(R2=0.40,P<0.01)有一定的关系。KBDI更适于描述大兴安岭林区的雷击火特征。
The characteristics of lightning fires from 1972 to 2005 and its relationships with Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and Keetch-Byram drought index (KBDI) in Daxing’anling forest region were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the lightning fire mainly happened from May to September. A peak of the lightning fires occurred in June, accounting for about 42% of the annual numbers. The maximum burned area happened in May and June, accounting for about 85% of the annual burned areas. Monthly dynamics of numbers and burned area of lightning fires could be expressed as one-humped curves. The monthly dynamics varied with drought indexes. A typical one-humped curve presented with KBDI and the driest months were from May to July, while a weak one-humped curve presented with PDSI, with May drier and June and July wetter. Annual numbers of lightning fires could be closely correlated with PDSI in September (R2=0.47, P<0.01) or KBDI in June and August(R2=0.57,P<0.01), and annual burned areas of lightning fires with PDSI in August(R2=0.20, P<0.01) or KBDI in June(R2=0.40,P<0.01). It was indicated that KBDI was more suitable for simulating the characteristics of lightning fires in Daxing’anling forest region than PDSI.
全 文 :N!"
% N
33
z
7 8 3 3
Q
33
R
! " # $
>5_JVY_M >_LeMJ >_V_5MJ
e(-c!"&V(c33
V(SN&7 8 3 3
34"7+788H
QÂvw?!Üö¯yþq
¶Eº÷/MÃ
!
klm
3
#
no=
3
#
pVq
7
#
rsJ
3
#3N
=_#$`jú56ajE0RI_0cGde
#
fA
38884?
7N
=_9ós°DÂ9056a
#
°D
33883P$
%
#
&
!#
34"7+788H
QÂvw?!Üö¯yþq¶E
=%-120
º÷
#=Q>_$
,
X22,+6D/C0%1
º÷
#X/Q_$
/MÃn#Aä
)
ö¯yÓ®CW7
H+4
R
&
V`D7
P
R
&
ârsQö¯yñ/
!7I
ö¯y/Ð
Âyç`D7
H
R,
P
R
&
ârsQyOç/
FHI%
ö¯yCWñ,ç/RÅ}ÕJVrsR
I
&
Öº÷/Å}Ö
&
=
X/Q_
/RÅ}JVrsRI
&H&P&"
Rк÷
h
=Q>_
wJ±Vr
sRI
&H
Rº÷
&P
R,
"
Rw:¯
%
ö¯y/QCWñE
4
R/
=Q>_#H
7
m8c!"&%n8c83$
´
P
R,
F
R/
X/Q_#H
7
m8cH"&%n8c83$
Mã¦
&
QyOçwE
F
R/
=Q>_#H
7
m8c78&%n8c83$
´
P
R/
X/Q_
#H
7
m8c!8&%n8c83$
@/MÃ
% X/Q_
ÎzʽèÂvw?!Ü/ö¯yþq
%
()
)#
ö¯y
=%-120
º÷
#=Q>_$ X22,+6D/C0%1
º÷
#X/Q_$
Âvw?!Ü
*+,-.
! >7P7c7###
#$/01
!M###
#23.
!3883 O"!FF#7833$33 O8844 O8"
Sz
) 7838 O8" O8!
Sz
) 7838 O8F O8P%
9
)
^3"
#
9ó
$
#5 b
#B\R\788"8P873$ %
!sãT3&¤ÿ¥
%
<;1218)"274)784%*M7O;)(7(O Z72"7(!1Q7(Oa1($7(O Z%2"4)/"O7%(
*2%BbVF )% FWWJ 1(5P)4/"$1)7%(4;7&4A7);!2%>O;)P(5"Q
U&%/&$0*&
3
#A6(* B*%$.62$
3
#\* G2C&$
7
#W%$Q($1&$
3
#3*@("B"0!(;25(2502CZ"A"(427 (7< #7F45273"7()-/(7A"& I7.4:"2CE2(70& -/47"."+1(<"302C@14"71".#E"4J47A 38884?
7*I7.4:"2C+32.6/"541#7F45273"7& -/47( X""252)2A41()+<3474.5(427#@/"70(7A 33883P$
:?4)218))#Y62+6%0%+,20&.,&+.()-&$6,&$)&02.)0(134"7 ,(788H %< &,.02-%,&(.6&;.T&,6 =%-120<0(*$6,.2S20&,C
&<2:#=Q>_$ %< X22,+6D/C0%1<0(*$6,&<2:#X/Q_$ & Q%:&$/%-&$)(02.,02$&( T202%%-CZ2< & ,6&.;%;20NY62
02.*-,..6(T2< ,6%,,62-&$6,&$)&021%&-C6%;;22< )0(1E%C,(>2;,21@20NM;2%` (),62-&$6,&$)&02.(++*002< &
U*2& %++(*,&$)(0%@(*,!7I (),62%*%-*1@20.NY621%:&1*1 @*02< %02%6%;;22< & E%C%< U*2&
%++(*,&$)(0%@(*,FHI (),62%*%-@*02< %02%.NE(,6-C
=Q>_& T&,6 E%C<0&20%< U*2%< U*-CT2,20NM*%-*1@20.()-&$6,&$)&02.+(*-< @2+-(.2-C+(002-%,2< T&,6 =Q>_&
>2;,21@20#H
7
m8c!"& %n8c83$ (0X/Q_& U*2%< M*$*.,#H
7
m8cH"&%n8c83$& %< %*%-@*02< %02%.()
-&$6,&$)&02.T&,6 =Q>_& M*$*.,#H
7
m8c78& %n8c83$ (0X/Q_& U*2#H
7
m8c!8&%n8c83$N_,T%.&<&+%,2< ,6%,
X/Q_T%.1(02.*&,%@-2)(0.&1*-%,&$,62+6%0%+,20&.,&+.()-&$6,&$)&02.& Q%:&$/%-&$)(02.,02$&( ,6% =Q>_N
@"9 A%254) # -&$6,&$)&02 =%-120<0(*$6,.2S20&,C&<2: # =Q>_$ X22,+6D/C0%1 <0(*$6,&<2:# X/Q_$
Q%:&$/%-&$)(02.,02$&(
##
>!yÑÿAìGCWçã
(
C^ï
(
de
^Â
(
ßE±²35./g§Ñ
%
Âvw?!
Üf0!7Û_0b/Û
&
Üßܳ½Üä
&
9
8RßÐ3Þß
#
ú=x]
& 788P
;¨]
& 788F$%
ÜÜ!yÃC
(
7yzX
(
!y¸õ
#L&"
()N& 7888
´ï]
& 7883 R&Z1% "()N& 788?
>+6(-Z2"()N& 788P
;äî
& 7884
X=ª]
&
7884 L&* "()N& 7838$% 7887
Q7µI¶·Y/
! " # $
!"
%
#
!
ÌDQ>!yÑ56_ø5øi
"
yò
&
&Ös3
98Rß
&
A
H8
Qbs3>!yë/õ×½
Áà
#
ëH
& 7838$%
Tìí¸
&
98RIf0!
/ïðwªyÑñÁà
H8I #W-%&$% "()N&
7884$%
Âvw?!ÜÛ_>!yÑ/ÜCÜ,
yѸÐõ/ÜÜ
&
àïs3Rß¹Î/Â
vw?!Ü!y56_3M¦
%
ôÊÂvw?!ÜÜßܳ½Üä
&
ßÊ´
ß9¿¸º/YàCêÜ
%
Q
H+F
R
&
2g»
àú<,RS/´æ9&ÜÜ
&
bÆ`Dº
ö¼Z9
&
¤Âvw?!Ü3s_ö¯y/Ü
CÜ
#
mx
& 788H$ %
¹ö
& 34"7+788H
QÂv
w?!Üö¯yrO!yñ/
?PI&
þá
7888+788H
Qö¯yñJäÞºiß*
&
âr
O ! y ñ /
PPI&
ö ¯ y Ü C Ü Ü
#
¡Â]
& 788F$ %
;äî
# 7884 $
56Aä
)
*
298RIÂvw?!Üö¯y/CWiS
ßõ
& 7838+7388
Qö¯yCWиë/Üä
Ó®nÈÊÂvw?/ft
%
öÿ3
º½
:ÍaÚC/>!yÑ
&
>.,¸£Â
&
ÆÆw
ªV>!½
&
Ƥ+>!yÑ/y7E±²
R+ÎàÀ·
#
m@]
& 788!$ %
Û_7ö¯y
0ç/56¿
&
Ó®ö¯y/ræÅ}þq
¶ C W n À 2 3 5 6
#
\ © ¾
& 3443
׿À]
& 344P
Á Ü ]
& 788?
û ~ ]
&
7884$ %
!y&ÆCW7£Á98nÀ
&
(º÷
%
G2.,20-&$
]
#788? $
Q_IOtXzyÑ:þ
Eº÷/56Aä
)
QyçE^ƺ÷
nÀÖL/RIös
%
º÷E!y|¼/£
¦MÃ3©¶,yò77yë564®ë¹
%
õº÷|îÒ]
&
Ö/º÷gô/
º÷þqDcÇÖL
%
º÷
À·/
×
&W%0%$(
]
#34FF$
MÂ23º÷n#Õr;
<
7
´ÎÒ
% =%-120
º÷
#=Q>_$
#
;<(z³
(
n6Ñ
(
n"
(
GøÉË
@
(
77ÉË@]®±
&
µnb39ýhM
/9óº÷
#=%-120& -4PH$ &
Q_9óº÷
=ÐÆ¥/
#R2&1& 7887$ % =Q>_
gM|
=ã}Õ¥çÇ
ô䩶,üòXrz/
º÷
&
rÆb@3Kn,$@º÷ô¹r
Ð/${
% X22,+6D/C0%1
º÷
#X/Q_$
ô
X22,+6
]
#34PF$
5`/¥ÊyÑüò,y,
/º÷W
&
#
;<4Eº÷LM/³
(
ݽ
µ¶ÜA÷m
&
gô4º÷/ú¸?
&
Ü$
@4º÷/ôîr
&
1¦¥Ãé/01gôº
÷/nÕ
%
T56hÖ¬¥Âvw?!Ü
34"7+788H
Q9ó¹,ö¯y¹
&
n#Âv
w?!Üö¯y/R,QÅ}RI
&
÷øº÷
=Q>_
,
X/Q_
7ÜÜ/z¥^
&
3SÆ!y
̸56¦§:;
%
3#
56ÜÄm
56ÜDʯF»=Âvw?!Ü
&
ÓÔV?
(
ÅÆ
(
Ì!
(
Ǹ
(
àöB©
(
Å=
P
Èc
&
ܸþ
Wæ ç
37?w!8l+37Pw?4lJ& H8w7!l+H7w73lV
#
Ö
3$%
ÜÞ^jí3Ý^bU!
&
µvwU
UV
# !(54KA3")474$
3Ó®[*4
&
)É
#E":)( 6)(06/0)( $(
FÍV
#%47:..0)F".54.S%0N
327A2)41($(
î V
#%47:.6:34)( $(
â ¹
#%26:):.
<(F4<4(7($
]\4
%
Ü}ÝÞCê98
&
QÕ9
Ý
O7c! i&
RÅæç
O!cP gO8cH i&
£ÁÐÜ
Ý
?4c! i&
£ÁдÝ
OH8c7 i&
QÕ³@
!"8
11&
R Å æ ç
?87 gP3! 11&
Ê z )
&
7
F8 g388
Z|¼
#
;¨]
& 788F$%
Ö
3#
56Üä
P
Èc/ܸDE
W&$N3#L(+%,&(.().&:.,%,&(.& ,6&..,*
:þ2_E5601
FCBD
G5:;
T56¤¥:þ2g¯F»=9ó#$56
a56/Âvw?!ÜV?
(
ÅÆ
(
Ì!
(
Ǹ
(
à
öB©
(
Å=q
P
Èc
34"7+788H
Qö¯y
¹
#
ÓÔñ
(
ç
(
ôyr¼]
$ &
µ¶ÅÆ
(
Ì
!
(
Ǹ
(
àöB©q
!
Èc
34"7+788H
Q
jS9ó¹
#
ÓÔ³ï@
(
Õ9Ý
(
ÐÜ9Ý
]
$ %
FCFD
íî>?
883
˚Ø
!
!
""
" #$%&
! "#$%"%&&
()*+,-./0123456789:;<
%(%("!)*+,-.
!"#$
!)/01"!)*+,-.
6789
=>?@9AB9CDEFGHIJKLMNO
"P:DEFQ
#)*+,-.$ +#2%&
LMRSTDU
#!
3
%
VWXYZ
!
!
3
"45
3
#$
3
#67
3
%&
3
&
[$45
3
$$
3
$67
3
$&
3
E]^LMRS_`U
aDU
bcUdeDU
$
VfghAijklmn
$
4$
45
3
"
!
)4$
!
"458)4(
$
3
"
"
)6$
"
"
!
$)6(
67
3
"
#
)67$
#
"678)67(
&
3
"
$
)9$
$
"
!
&)9&
[$45
d
)4
^op_`Udq@_`U
$)4
r
5:;.<=:>*?=-
_stuv[mw
#
xyz&
$
%&&"% ($$)6
^opaDUdq@aDU
$67$
)67
^opbcUdq@bcU
$&$)9
^ope
DUdq@eDU
$
{|
)"*
W}~
$
!
$
"
$
#d $E]^_`<9
aD<9
bc<9d
eD<9
&
DE8
#(%
VW}YZ
!
(") *+&
[$) @,A!
3
$
W}
L\DE5
:
( +@#)4B
!
$%#
!
B
!
&%$
LM12
+
$
4:
)
$
wV
:DE8
&
)*+,-.
67DEU5HI :¡
9
&
¢
$
7£[¤¥¦§
&
¨g©ª
«&
# "##2 %
¬:®¯°±:²
)*+,-.
7
£[
!
-#.% "/#.%#$(## #&(CC-#.%"%&
[$/#.%8#$(##
^³ADE7:´µ
$
&(CC-#.A"%
^O¶·"¸DE³A7
:¹º
&
»¼^
$)/01
"
AD
W½¾¿67
$
#
D
W½¾¿ÀÁ
$ AD ED
 ÃVÄE^ÅÆ:6À
&Ç
&
%(%(%!F--=G:HIJ.*,
!"#$
!FI/1"!F--=G:
&
#"#2C%
¼^
$
@
"
ÈC¶
" E%& G,
:TDÉÊË
gKÌÍÎ
& FI/1
:nÏÐ
& EC&&$
Ñ(
W½Ñ67
&
!!*(FI/1
0
@FI/1
0A"
$
!
0
@& G,$ 5KLM
=
"
2($C N(
!!O(FI/1
0
@FI/1
0A"
B/P
0
$
!
0
@& G,$ 5KLM
=
Q2($C N(
!!G(FI/1
0
@FI/1
0A"
B/P
0
$
!
0
Q& G,$
!
!
0
"
&(" G,(
!!R(FI/1
0
@FI/1S
0
B/P
0
$
!
0
Q& G,$
!
!
0
Q&(" G,(
FI/1S
0
@FI/1
0A"
AT#(T$
!
!
0
(
/P
0
@+#C&& AFI/1
0A"
%#&(#2C-
&(&C$ 5KLM
0
B"( %
A
C(T&% U"&
AT
,8#" B"&(CC-
A&(&"$ D$
%&
[! 5KLM
0
^ÒÓÔLÕ
#N%$$
^TÖ
U
#G,%$FI/1
0A"
0A"
:
FI/1
89
$/P
0
6
7
$!
0
^Ò×TDU
#G,%&
!"#$
!"#$
ØgÙÚÛÜÝÞEß?AàN./0á
9
â0ãäå5
)/01FI/1
:;<
&
^æçp
àÅÆAè6789
#)/01FI/1%
./0á9
5â0ãäå:¹º
$
Øg
0)00 "&(& # 0)00 V;.
W?
~é
ÙÚ h ê Û Ü E ß
$
ë ì í U : î ï D
^
!
"
&(&&
T!
ðñ5Eß
#"%$
%&()*+,-./01234#$
ò
%*
Qw?()*+,-
2
óôõ./0á
9dâ0ãäåAEö÷ø
$ "#$%"%&&
ùsú
./0
%C%
û
$
./0á9AEö÷øüýþÿ!
Ù
$
./0"#sú@
"#
A
$
þw$@
2
A
$2
A%&./0á9:
D%\&
()*&
#%&&$%
æçs$
$
()*++,þÆ-w$@
2
A
&
FI/1
A÷øEöüýþÿ!Ù
$$2$$
A.67
$
þw$@
2
A
$
5./0á9A÷øEö/01
(
2
)/01
O34:Ó67"w$@
#""%
A
$
A
.67
$2$$$C
A5/.ÀÁ
$
5./0á9A÷
øEöÅ/{
#
ò
%O%& )/01
67dÌ8
# T"2
A
%
.Ô
$
^
)*+,-.
£[\9¶:;<=
#/*?
1023]$ %&&D%$
>@()*+,-?@AÀ¹
ºB(
&
"#$%"%&&
r./0CD:â0ãäåX
C(
E
:,
%
$
./0â0ãäåAEö÷øüýþ
ÿ!Ù
$
Ó(â0ãäåw$@
Ad
2
A
$
E]^
T(#
Ed
T(T
E
:,
%
$
FG%&â0ãäå:
C\$$
AáÂ
$
%
# &&& :,
%
#
ò
%*%& FI/1
A÷ø
Eöüýþÿ!Ù
#
ò
%O%$$2$$
A.67
$
5â
0ãäåA÷øEöH³01
$
>þw$@
2
A
$
.â0ãäåþI
"
óA
& )/01
A.67
$
2
2
Ad
$
A/.ÀÁ
$
5â0ãäåA÷øEö
Å/{
&
"&"
, J K L
D$
M
!
ò
%!
./0á9
â0ãäå
#*%
5
)/01
FI/1#O%
AEö÷ø
P?[]%!K;<=:+JRJ<*,?GX;V<^,O-.*
^NK/;ÚEß
$
»Oâ0ãäåP
Q9RSTEß
#/;+?<[1023]$ %&&( M?*;1023]$
%&&$%& "#$%"%&&
ù¶
óU0Aè
$
ò
T
Q
w?U0Aè./0á9
â0ãäå:PQ9
5/G
)/01
A
FI/1
A:;<
& )/01
A
5./0á9dâ0ãäåüV/;
$
/;<9
#$
%
%
E]^
&]
d
&]"&$
W½WUÀÁXY
$
./0á9dâ0ãäåüZ[\]
( FI/1
A
5./0á9dâ0ãäåüÙÚ/;;
<
$
/;<9
#$
%
%
E]^
&(%C
d
&(%"$
W½WU6
7X^
$
./0á9dâ0ãäåüY]
$
Æ_`}UabLMícdeZ()*+,
-./0súdfgOüNh\]
& FI/1
A
5./0á9dâ0ãäå:/;<9½î(K
)/01$
iXj?¾îïD
$
k½@()*+,
-AàN./0á9dâ0ãäålRKg
FI/1
bW2
&
ò
T!
AàN./0á9
â0ãäå5
)/01FI/1
:;<
#4@%
P?[]T!6-+*=?;
%&56)*+,-./01234#$
ò
D*
Qw?
"#$%"%&&
()*+,-
2
ó
ôõ./0á9dâ0ãäå:p÷øíÎ
&
(
)*+,-./0á9pm÷.(
$
(1VE^
T
ón¸
! "#$%""#$#
./0Ôsn¸
$
%
#
á
( "#C&""###
./0Jsn¸
$
o
D
á
(
%&&&"%&&
./0ü½îY\]
$
%"
á
$
%&pó
TD
./0á9:
D\&
qr&
#%&&C%
()*+,-,0æçs$/s:tu
$
%&&&
vTD
/À(wZ[
$
LÕhÔ
$
W$w½îc6Î\]
&
K./0ãäå
$ "#$%""#$#
â0äåÓ
(
$ 2
ó ô õ ^
$ D# :,
%
$
4 \ x â
" &&& :,
%
:1(y,0zùsú
û
( "#C&""###
â0äåÓ{
$2
óôõ^
" DT$ :,
%
$
"#
"#C2
@|}d|\sú
%
á1(y,0z
$
E
]^
T T%& :,
%
d
T $#$ :,
%
( %&&&"%&&
â0ä
åöY:\]
$2
óôõ^
&DT :,
%
$
1
]
%&&&
~ôõ¶â0äå
$
%&
2
â0
äå:
C"\&
%&"
!!
""
" #$%&
! "#$%"%&&
()*+,-./0123456789:;<
ò
D!
./0á9
â0ãäå
#*%
5
)/01FI/1#O%
p ÷øíÎ
P?[]D!1<=-.*<<^*+RJ<*,?GX;V<^,O-.*
"#C&""###
d
%&&&"%&&
T
ón¸
$)/01
E]^
A&(%$&(%D
d
A&(T"$
FI/1
E]^
DT(#$%"($
d
T#(C$
W$w?
6
"
À
"
6:12
$
FGH³34?./0á9d
ãäå:p÷øíÎ
#
ò
DO%&
K
)/01
8}
.67:óè
#
Y
"#$D$ "#$#$ "#C$$ "##$
%&&%$ %&&
%$
"##
$
W$w.Ô:./
0á9dãäå
(
K
FI/1
8}.67:ó
è
#
Y
"#$D$ "#$$$ "#$#$ "#C2$ "#C$$ "##C$
"###$ %&&%$ %&&
%$
"#$$
d
"###
$
W$w.Ô:./0á9dãäå
&
¨g~éÙÚhêÛÜÝÞ
$
Eß
"#$%"%&&
ÅÆAè
)/01FI/1#"""%
AA34ã
:
%
./0súá95â0ãäå:
¹º
#
W
"%&
ðñW½
!
K
)/01$"""%
A34
"T
óíU$#
Aè
)/01
VB=>
./0súá9
#$
%
@&(D$%$
2â0ãäåV
g
C
Aè
)/01
`
#$
%
@&(%&%$
GXj¾
îïD
(
K
FI/1$
./0súá9g
2
A
è
FI/1
d
C
Aè
FI/1
ùÆ=>
#$
%
@&($%$
2
â0ãäå
2
Aè
FI/1
ÉVB=>
#$
%
@
&(D&%$
GXj¾îïD
(
/.
$FI/1
5.
/0súá95â0ãäå:/;<9ÔK
)/01&
7
%$
%&81
!
9:;<-
&()!*+)
56=>?@AB#$
!
,-./%$0123-443543661727829:.34-2;.9423;-43- 78<15=>2125 81436?6/&()-2;*+)72
>=312>34-229-<>1:36@-<3.A 6>3BC163:3>=7;
1=-,
íU
Y*.?*O+-X
2
A
`^<] C
A
L^ [] #
A
0-_]
9
Z;
%
5 4
)/01
./0á9
a^ ,O-.
A"&(2D
$$
C(DC
$$
&(D$
$$
%C(T& TD
â0ãäå
I^.<-R *.-*
AD CTT(%
$$
% 2D(C2
$
&(%&
$$
C(" TD
FI/1
./0á9
a^ ,O-.
&("2
$$
&(%"
$$
A(2
$
&($
$$
%&("$ TT
â0ãäå
I^.<-R *.-*
"TC(DC
$$
AD %%"(CC
$
&(D&
$$
%&(# TT
!!
" $
! !b&(&
Dîï/;
Z;..-+*=?;< ?XX?[$$
! !b&(&"
Dîï/;
Z;..-+*=?;< ?XX?[+-c-+]
T&"
, J K L
D$
M
!
D!
ð5
)/01
d
FI/1
KÆ0678
$
.^½
$
»âæç67
$
*ò1346
73:~óâX
$
Y@ADE_s
Wb
cdWDEaQ&
$
Ô67dHI
:34
#
&
$ %&&D % & )/01
d
FI/1
LÕdTÖU^H:;?
@ADE2tuj:6789
&
³æçW
½
!
Å@AàNàN
$FI/1
)/01
lRK=>()*+,-:./012
& )/01
LÕ^ìíU
$
2
FI/1
¨gÓÔLÕtu
67
#/P%
^ ì:¡¢£
&
FI/1
34?N¤@Ad¥¦6§X
$
tuâ
X\¨¼:,©ª«U^
(" ,, #F--=G: 1023]$
"#2C% &
¨&
# %&&2 %
æçW½
!
)*¦¯°
,,©ª«UWUTÖU:Y(2Y
$
Ó(ª
«U
(%% ,,$
±K
FI/1
¨¼:,©ª«U
&
²(y,0³
L89<´
#PW1%
gVµ
À¶·,0sú:¸³X
$
tu{Vµ
À¹
#PPKZ%
º»¤À¹
#/KZ%
d67
¹
#/Z%
$
¼GOGÒTÖUE](K
&($
"(
d
%(C ,,#Y*< W*[<-.1023]$ "#C% $T
ó½¹
½W¥¦¤dN¤@A
$
¼GÂd^
D(C ,,$
5
FI/1
¨¼:,©ª«U/
& FI/1
Åo5
¾VµÀ¶;
$/?,?=.*d;_;^+;X
&
#%&&T%
\¿-À¯,æçW½
FI/1
5ÁVµ
#
,Z
³Ã
%
À_¶B:/;Ú
&
"#$%"%&&
Äæç-Å
FI/1
Òí÷K
& E"C%
Â
$
%
^ ÆÄE
FI/1
6789
$
ò
Qw?ÅÆ
FI/1
ÆZ./0súÇÈ
& FI/1
@
"%
Z
$
./0súÇÈÓ(o^
2(&\(
FI/1
@
"%
N./0súÇÈü½îY]
& FI/1
6789@
"% E"&
Â
$
./0s
úÇÈ^
%T(\$
@
"& E"$
 ./0sú
ÇÈXj
D(C\& FI/1
6789gK0³&ÇÄ
E
$
»¼^
T&&
Z
$
N¤@Ad¥¦.À
Á
$
0³J
( T&& E&&
Â
$
N¤@Ad¥¦6
§
$
¶ÉK0
( 2&&
N^ÊË67
# *`23]$ %&&%(
ÌÍ%&
$ %&&T%&
³æç-Åtuj
:
FI/1
6789½îJ
$
5ÎÏÐ&
#%&&$%
t
u:®¯°±
FI/1
ðñ/
$
ÅRKÄÄEÑ<
&
¢
$
KQÒ:
FI/1
bÒUÓÔ67BÀÁ
X#nÕK:LM
&
ò
!
ÅÆ
FI/1
n¸./0súÇÈ
P?[]!9?[:=<[V?.-;GG^..-
C D E F
XÖ×
$
ØÍÙ
$
ÚÛ,
$
&
("##2]
y,./0:`ÜÝ
]
PQ
zÞLÜ
$ #D% ! "" A"%&]
ßà
$
áâã
]%&&"]
()*+y,0³7ä÷ø1234LM
Eß
]
PQzÞLÜ
$ "D% ! ""T A""2]
å
!
æ
]%&&]
®¯°()*+y,./0çè3`
`Ü
]
\z
,JKLæçéêëLì
]
åíî
$
qïð
$
q6ñ
$
&
]%&&D]
()*+,-./0sú:/
;æç
]
y,ò0
$ #D% ! "# A%"]
xyz
$
{óô
]%&&"]
\zõÝ67-WÀÁ:\]Eß
]
LöLÜ
$ ##2% ! $T$ A$D2]
ÎÏÐ
$
÷øù
$
úE½
]%&&$]
y,0³Lö89:Ggæç
]
G
gLöLÜ
$ "C#D% ! D$# ADC#]
ûü
$
ý½þ
$
ÌÍ%
$
&
]%&&T]
ÿz()*+|\,-./0
sú0çèæç
]
,JKL
$ T##2% ! #D A##]
!"#
]"##"]
,0$d,0`Ü
]
õ%
!
Löw&
]
()æ
$
*²+
$
,
!
-
$
&
]%&&2]
®õ-
ÓÔ
ÓJLÕ
íÎ123Eß
]
LöKL
$ %2#%% ! "$ A"2T]
ÌÍ%
$
ûü
$
ý½þ
$
&
]%&&T]
fg
F--=G: AIJ.*,
6789
`
y,0³
]
0zKL
$ "%#T% ! "" A"]
ÌÍ%
$
ûü
$
ý½þ
$
&
]%&]
()*+./0Eö3`
Ü£ÿ
]
,JKLæç
$ %%#"% ! "D A%&]
ý½þ
]%&]
LMíÎdeZ\z,0ºG123\]
]
\z,
JKLæçé.ëLì
]
ý
!
/
$
È01
$
#$%
$
&
]%&&C]"#D"%&&
\zõÝÀ¯,
Eö-:LMíÎ12
]
GgúøLÜ
$ "##% ! #D% A#DC]
()*
$
©V2
$
qm
$
&
]%&&$]
()*++,Eö12E
ß
]
C34Lö
$ #% ! # A"&]
¨
$
È
!
ñ
$
q5®
]%&&2]
)*¦¯°,©ª«5TÖU3
TÖ:;<
]
C346J(LLÜ
$ %$#D% ! CT AC2]
$
È01
]%&&D]
£ÎTD85
e
89@ÿzGg:
Eß
]
ÃúøLÜ
$ %C#D% ! %T A%#]
7
!
8
]%&"&]
9zz:0³&Ç<´:³Î34Gg
]
\zK
Léæçúé.ëLì
]
qr
$
;¿<
]%&&C]
()*+LMíÎ34,0sú:¹º
]
®õ,J(LLÜ
$ T2#$% ! %# AT"$ T2]
©ª«
$
=¤D
$
>
!
?
$
&
]"##2]
@â¨Lö67æçÝÞ@°
D&"
!!
""
" #$%&
! "#$%"%&&
()*+,-./0123456789:;<
A$BC:Gg
]
®¯°6JKL
$ #T% ! T& ATT]
©)D
$
ûü
$
E=F
$
&
]%&]
LMícdeZC34()*
+, - y , 0 z s ú Ò " : í Î
]
, J K L
$
D#2% ! "22 A"$%]
/*?L$ 5.-
""T&]
/?,?=.*d;_;^+;XL )$ I-,,-.i;^d L K] %&&T] ).-R?G=?<[ +?c-
:-.O*G-;^X,;?X=^.- G;<=-<=V.;, * X-*X;<*+R.;^[:=?
/;+?<[F$ Z:^ )$ P^j?;d*P]%&&]L G+?,*=;+;[?G*+X=^RJ;V=:-
F--=G:8IJ.*, R.;^[:=?
1X+*
P*.*[;5$ F;i,*4$ a-,-XZ]"#CC]f^*<=?VJ?<[R.;^[:=X88L<=*+4$
k+*<=iK h]1R-<=?VJ?<[*
-c-<=X]I^ R*_-X=! h^ <[*.?*< K-=-;.;+;[?G*+0-.c?G-$ 2% A"""]
P+*<[*< K$ 0=;GdXI$ 5^.-=XdJK$ 1023]%&]1,_*G=X;VG+?,*=-
G:*<[-;< V?.-*G=?c?=J*
h-?,66 .`]%&&%]L.-c?->;V=>-<=?-=:HG-<=^.JR.;^[:=?
0;G?-=J$ CT#C% ! ""D# A""2]
h?L< -g_-.?,-<=*+*__.;*G: =;_.-R?G=?<[=:-G+?,*=-V--RO*GdXV.;,
=:-G:*<[?<[O;.-*+V?.-.-[?,-] ;^`.<*+;Vk-;_:JX?G*+6-X-*.G:$
"&C#/"% ! C"DC AC"T]
*`F--=G:HIJ.*, R.;^[:=?
9?Z$ P+*<[*< K/$ Z;.
Z*<*R?*< ;^`.<*+;VP;.-X=6-X-*.G:$ T"%% ! "#& A"#"%]
9?^m$ 0=*<=^.V`$ k;;R.?Gd 0]%&"&]5.-
?< * G:*<[?<[ G+?,*=-] P;.-X= 4G;+;[J *
)*+,-.W Z]"#2]K-=-;.;+;[?G*+R.;^[:=]6-X-*.G: )*_-.a;]D$ l0
/-_*.=,-<=;VZ;,,-.G-]
0G:;+i-K$ F<;..W$ L.<-+aW$ 1023]%&&2]LG+?,*=-HG:*<[-.?Xd
*<*+JX?XV;.>;.+R -G;XJX=-,X])aL0$ "&T#T% ! "T""2 A"T"%&]
Y*< W*[<-.Z4$ )?Gd-=59]"#C]4n^*=?;
W-X=-.+?<[L9$ 0>-=<*,5W]%&&T]1<=-.*<<^*+=;R-G*R*+R.;^[:=
*
M?*; $` e:^*<[f]%&&$]/.;^[:=-V-G=X;< +*.[-V?.-*G=?c?=J?<
Z*<*R?*< *
!
%&(
!
)*+
"
&"