免费文献传递   相关文献

Variations of Air PM10 Concentration in Different Greenlands in Tsinghua University

清华大学校园内不同绿地类型空气PM10浓度变化规律*


The concentration of air PM10 in six types of green lands in campus of Tsinghua university was measured. The results showed that PM10 concentration exhibited obvious daily and monthly variation, and also had remarkable difference among different seasons. However there was no remarkable difference in concentration of PM10 within the same season over all types of green lands. As for average concentration, the value was lower in arbor land of spring, autumn and winter, and in lawn of summer. The concentration of PM10 was 43% higher in cloudy days than that of sunny ones. Moreover, the difference increased to 137% between cloudy day after raining and sunny day after raining because of the clarification of rain.


全 文 :! !"" ! "#
# $ $ %$ " %
& ’ ( )
&’()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(’,)
./01!"**/1"
234*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
# $ $ %
o\2tpq/XYKZ*3CM 526$cd9!rQ"
^a_6 D ‘#$7 Q,a7 %@@7 :&b7
E61 vX&’()GHv&’(\jkGH> FG 6$$$%6W#1 vX&’()GHv&’GH>
XY&’f3&qNRSTUV FG 6$$$%6W71 XY&’f:]&’GHvV FG 6$$$%6d
$%&a eABtW|j 526$uis9W^ k3}W"[H)
’()*+#&687 -./01#, -23+#6$$6 9 8!::4#$$%5$" 9 $6"7 9 $!
TUV#a#$$8 9 6# 9 #:M
3WXYaXY(\Q(Gv>9-:$GHeXE#$$!;(<6=$76dlXY%I&(\J^/lRHXY;@E#$$><,;$7,$>dM
"(s)lmAgM
!"#$"%$&’( &) *$# +,6$ -&’./’%#"%$&’ $’ 0$))/#/’% 1#//’2"’3( $’ 4($’567" 8’$9/#($%:
?@3/ =@3AB@A6 C3AD ’EFAD#*7 CG HE@I@AD7 J3AD CF@KF@7 L/G ?@3/M@AD7
E6N !"#"$%&’ ()#*+*,*" -. /-%"#*%0 1-2+&0 $)3 ().-%4$*+-)*56/ 7"+8+)9 6$$$%6W#N !"#"$%&’ ()#*+*,*" -. /-%"#*%0*56/ :"0 ;$< N -. =%"" 7%""3+)9 $)3 5,2*+>$*+-)*
?*$*" /-%"#*%0 634+)+#*%$*+-) 7"+8+)9 6$$$%6W7 N @%<$) /-%"#*%0 !"#"$%&’ 5")*"%*?*$*" /-%"#*%0 634+)+#*%$*+-) 7"+8+)9 6$$$%6d
*;(%#".%a +EF O/AOFAPQ3P@/A /R 3@Q 526$ @A S@T P4IFS /R DQFFA 03AUS @A O3BIGS /R +S@ADEG3 GA@VFQS@P4 K3S BF3SGQFUN +EF
QFSG0PS SE/KFU PE3P 526$ O/AOFAPQ3P@/A FTE@W@PFU /WV@/GS U3@04 3AU B/APE04 V3Q@3P@/A*3AU 30S/ E3U QFB3QX3W0F U@RRFQFAOF 3B/AD
U@RRFQFAP SF3S/ASN L/KFVFQ PEFQF K3S A/ QFB3QX3W0F U@RRFQFAOF @A O/AOFAPQ3P@/A /R 526$ K@PE@A PEF S3BF SF3S/A /VFQ 300 P4IFS /R
DQFFA 03AUSN ,S R/Q 3VFQ3DF O/AOFAPQ3P@/A*PEF V30GF K3S 0/KFQ @A 3QW/Q 03AU /R SIQ@AD*3GPGBA 3AU K@APFQ*3AU @A 03KA /R
SGBBFQ N +EF O/AOFAPQ3P@/A /R 526$ K3S !7Y E@DEFQ @A O0/GU4 U34S PE3A PE3P /R SGAA4 /AFSN 2/QF/VFQ*PEF U@RRFQFAOF @AOQF3SFU
P/ 678Y WFPKFFA O0/GU4 U34 3RPFQ Q3@A@AD 3AU SGAA4 U34 3RPFQ Q3@A@AD WFO3GSF /R PEF O03Q@R@O3P@/A /R Q3@AN
n$o*9::]}|[5A>xN*:]<=@u?@V$2x*OL!zC
Oi)n5|j@u‘js)vw:]0F<=l
F.jucf5RF40MXY<=P9(f5A
sM~5Y\tu}526$M526$!tc5( 6$!B*S|jvfpz#
wAC‘’%*5COLiuM526$ r0u56
3ffH( +&5*-jx84xu@7WE6%%8WH3A/WFPP@ "* $2 N*#$$$d*:\r(H086B8
#hI7WlVCWDgE2CX*#$$!W^O"e
#$$!dM
:]eAH,oh<=80uPc8PNd}8
;-SDe@O:fEfbde*#$$"W5t[*
#$$7d*!:]F.V";Ml?D5nFK>M‘
JeABt5;-($lhA($!‘J5E(s*
#$$#dMu@GHO3&A‘G8"\lEAebA
Bt5;e*6%%"W;’Le*#$$#WiBFe*6%%8dMr(
‘JBteA|j 526$s9S^k%9o53}
1\]y5c.5GH*/N%m55GHr(O
(‘JBteA5#}:f*()}@eA>?l
OJF./N1P5eASD;MH,Y@j1M
> st([GH.?SFG]"[H)Id**<=Aq
&KM"[H)A|FG4E.SFcM;d&
.*)InP)GAP0\) !$[$$\)*66>[6%\*M*
+|EAl >OeABt*CL? 6W|A*~Sy
q)PWzUAvkM=Bt|AIqKBM6d"
\ 5C6 >>$ B#*)}t/E1-$ A%$*")#+#d"\*$
%9 %%YM#d&" 5C# %$$ B#*}t/"\*$
%9 %%YWe&,51E7"%<"%+# *’,4<"%9++d8WWt
uE;+9,#*%,4 >+&$%0+d85W2-E7,B,# 4+&%-A’022$d*
"\Fv8e&E1$,2-C)+$ .-%*,)"+df&*5C !$$ B#WTd 6#1" ]
671# B*gc #% ] 7> OB*aN "1# B ^ >1" B*yz9
8"YM!d|W!" 5C6 >$$ B#*)TIE 1+),#
*$<,2$".-%4+#d8x sE ?$<+)$ &’+)")#+# d8Q s
E12$*0&2$3,# -%+")*$2+#dACIE5"3%,# 3"-3$%$d5{y
&*zTI8Qs)n*xs8CIFhMTITd
"1" ] >1" B*gc 6:18 ] #> OB*aN 7 B ^ "1" BWQ
sTd >1: ] :1" B*gc #71" OB*aN 7 B ^ ! BW
yz 9 !"#W & B $ " ) g SE !"#$%"&%’
()"%’$*+,d*$%9) $%#M%dmW!" 5C& ’""
(’*nFTO)2HE-$’.&% /$0%/)d*{x:6XT
IM2HTd % ) *+% (*gc !+* ) &’+* ,(*aN
-+% ( . %+/ (*yz9 *%#*&B$")gS*"A
$%9 *"#M/d!‘" 5C &+00 1(’*!$t5
!‘"e15_i1_MeA*_iOB@*6,
&&" uOa!I,2IE 1%2$’+, *%&&3&4$)d8JT
E5$%,"34%, .).$d8TI8y|E 6)0$7 /)/30%’$*)d81g
E80/$99$) (+0$/4$,,$’d8^ TE:%;04;+2;4$) ")’$*+0)2)d82
H8=qE<)&’%0$) =;’+=)2)dl~K+E>0?+, "+?$0)
234 5 ";’=+0)d*TIdl4_*Td ’ ) &’+- (W‘I
,qxQE 634$’&) %/0)2)d8+WqE @4+’+, 24$0%/)d8
5 1E A;4/;4$, 2#+?/;4&$$ d85 A sE 6)/$’)
"4%*+?/;’,d8q ’E B)&;4,24%;?$) $’=$*) d8r a
EC#%=%23"%, ,*)’=;’,dlLMEC%,) 4+&%,)de*sd
’+% ) 0+% (*yz9 /"#W&B$")gS*"A$
%9 /"#M*drOS fweAbmi2_E$
%5sTN5|EAM
! st+R
’""%6&’9’""/6&&*P%o8vlBN=*_ &
R*~z=|A*|j 78&"s9*PR "!a""/N*
SP:|AKWju &" (9:*P ’ (9: 2_ & p~
SMP% 0R5|j 78&"s97Zm).%CO
is97ZmM’""/ $ * %BEOK"n~dl &&
%BEK"n~d=*_ 0 R:1UMV*PR
"*a""9’&a""*Pz ’ 1 ~z & p|j 78&" s9M
>gn’)tX ;<4:=>?:;hz5 @%<
w~nMPp-~^SW|j]8N9lM>*J^
-~eAyz9MK|d9)lwA9 &+% (|*
As0#hd93PIrM
" noI)S
0+& DE?{| 9 &9% 78&"s9V3}3P
o,>Jv*}o5 78&"s9l(5oM
![‘J^#=BteA*|j 78&"s9x
^ # )s?>l)s?XYKZ*3CM $%#&cdy9!
’()*# +(,-. /(0,(1,23 24 (,0 $%#& 52356310(1,23 ,3 7,4460631 80663-(379 ,3 :6(1,38 (37 323;:6(1,38 <60,27 !Cz(
D0
^#
7>49EF
^;9(>
"G>4H
&"
I4>>:H>JB61>4H
mW!I
@>,9F>
mW!"
@>,9,>61>4H
|W!"
K2>4C4>>: B4>>61>4H
!‘"
L4HE46A144H
rO
ME:B4EJ
K"#
G>3B9:C
N>49EF
OK"#
OE:61>3B9:C
N>49EF
"*a"" ’&&+*0 ’"%+$$ &!’+&* ’-&+-’ ’&$+&* &%*+-0 &’*+&0
"!a"" &$"+*0 &"’+0* !"+"* &&%+&$ &0&+’% &-/+0% $*+!%
&&a"" //+-’ /-+&$ !&+!* $%+!$ *’+%* !"+%* *$+’"
&0a"" $/+-" !’+*$ &&&+"" $!+/$ &"0+!" !0+"* !$+*’
&%a"" !!+/" !$+"" &&0+"" &&0+"" &"*+"" &&!+"" &&&+""
&*a"" &/%+"" &*/+"" &!/+"" &%!+"" &/’+"" &!&+"" &!"+""
&!a"" ’&*+-0 ’&+$* ’-/+%* ’"*+0’ ’’"+!$ ’-!+0$ ’’!+""
’&a"" ’/&+&" ’-!+"" ’-0+’" ’’/+/" ’%*+-" -’*+!" ’//+%"
"*a"" *"+0% /!+0- !&+!" /&+’% %!+$% &0-+"$ *-+&00
"!a"" /%+%* %&+$% !/+0" *-+0% *&+’" *0+"0 *"+’’
&&a"" 0&+$0 0!+’0 *’+-% -&+*" -0+$* /!+0’ %0+!%
&0a"" ’-+!* ’$+!$ %0+&$ 00+/" 0-+’" %0+*’ 0%+-$
&%a"" 0"+** ’/+0" 0!+"’ 0!+’$ -"+%’ /%+"$ -$+*%
&*a"" %&+%0 %-+*$ !"+"" %0+’$ -%+!0 $%!+&" /&+"’
&!a"" $%+/* !0+/$ !/+*’ &&&+%0 $$+-- &&*+%’ $’+!%
’&a"" &’&+%* &&*+00 &"-+&0 &"%+-% &"!+!$ &-’+/0 &’’+&$
GJm8Tm5^k{‘Ir*[S-~^’*3P
o!OK"#8K"#5cHJmZxGS &!a
""9’&a""*OK"#5lTmxGS &0a""9&%a
""8K"#5lTmxGS &&a""MK"#lTmx
G5^kFvOK"#} ’ 1M
q &R5|juio<*OK"#!(K"#M
S-~^’*OK"#5 78&"s9Zl(XY<
=|jui\DEIP0"!%9&!!/d5Z/\DE&%"
!C8(
D0d*T1Fb.8d}.5\D*\vHQC
eA* &0a""9&%a"" 5 78&" s9cl*l(I/
\DE%"!C8(
D0d*|juic!MS-~^’*K
"#5 78&"s93PoS "!a""9&%a""l(XY
<=|jui\DEIP0"!%9&!!/d5Z/\D*D^’ 78&"s9d(Z/\DM
0+’ SE?{| ‘JBteA|j 78&" s9
3Po9G) ’%zs9cl*-%zs9cdEB
&dM78&"s95%O3}Aj)3}8_ihzL
q&71M
-%& & ’ ( ) -%"
B ! ‘JBteA|j "#!$s95%3}
%&’( ! #)*+,-. /01&0+&)* )2 0&1 "#!$ 3)*34*+10+&)* &* 5&22414*+ 6170* ’144*8-0*59
FGtnM>H8j)Z^8><_z‘bnF
Wv( :*; %zMUS <$$= $qXYRS:]uiVH*FG :*; l > /@uR~S :
%z, !!R*;%z, Pp-~5XneA*COis9Fl**@
O40vwaI!_ihz|’GH#*aGGH*
&*yz9l"\5$%9&:xcd*_iBx
OL!5;lc
HM>&d(tn*MrCOi5G8AgLHW
6!Xn5*Ei@**EBxON%*5Ag
999u@COi@.O*Ec#=*[B9:*E
*_xA5*Ch6SB*5$[vOP8y-OI
QCCOi*4%|jv5COis9%h*OL!
?%z*67PR5o&BhM
FG5snRdj8*f(COi5"*lC
8*4mI$Gvsn "#!$ s9clMqB ! 6
zSo<*!$%vBNs9&‘d8oNFd*q46
f!X[~-BSQ50~;@M
FGSnOz*RRlV]kxG5R~F@*
‘f(COi5C8*4COi)+CD8s9)+
;H*p( !<%zMt~-B*$$*#MTl05;M%h@r < %z5 "#!$
s9lM
r "#!$s9S‘Jn~53}pq|}mn
CD*%x "#!$ s9S‘Jn~ZiSIQon
PE! @ $A$!dMg BCDmnCLS!E $A$>l!E
$A$!E7o|}@RvFE9 s9sncl8tncd*tn‘JBteA|j
"#!$s9IQod(Xn8snlSn*XnIQ
od(sn*SnQod(snM
:A: GHTi;U "#!$01DEF mnCD
^ ! bA%&!
"#$%! &’()*+(, -./+#0*1.21 !’zF
G:
n~ C409)* 7Zm #40* "# 8tn CJ1&*’ ;I=A>< IA;=!!
Xn C6FF41 ::?A$= >HA?Sn K&*+41 :$AHsn L6+6F* " !a! @ $A$>W!!a! @ $A$! (
#$9%*‘JeABt|j "#!$ s9S&Jn
~*Zq,QonPM
:%zmW!"8|W!"eA*|j "#!$s
9cl*;A >%zZ!!‘"eA*|j "#!$s
9clE9 :dMIm5*dHTI*lO&*5M
>*f(COi5%*aUSqNhr./*|W!
"8mW!"*5cHM>()"\8rOSz;&
"*M>5 >$M N =$M*!‘"*5M>()"
\8rOSz;&"*M>5 ?>M N I$MWQIm
5*TW8T}8TZ&r<#BxO*<8;g*&B$"D%-OZpUXn*"#!$s99G)mW!" O!‘" Or
O OmW!I O|W!" O&" O"\E9 :dMXn
"\8&"v5M>cH*7ZM>) $A: N !A> F8
9G !*|W!"8mW!"8!‘"lmW!Iv5M
>F5*7ZM>) $ N $A= F89G !*CXnMr
"#!$5C8AgLRFW!‘"*5N9v"\8
&"8rOS5dx !$M*d]dN‘(‘f(C
Oi5C8*fCf(COi5jsM4m*SXn
d]dN5pqB*"\8&"*&r|E*|jr
5B!*"#!$s9l(yz9Fd8|jr5Bn
5|W!"8mW!"z;!‘"M
snW&Z[f_8_WT1hz#|’?V
#*!‘"8mW!"8mW!I*5yz9)+*
l*c
H*CL)$ N ! A !l$ N $ A IF89G !*!‘"*57
>>!! ># I>.ea"[H)Id*‘JeABt|j "#!$s93}56
^ ! XYKZ*3CM "#$%cd;tu9!
&’()! *+’,-.’/ 0’12’32-. -4 ’21 "#$% 5-.5+.31’32-. 2. 6244+1+.3 71++./’.6, !!z"
#$
n~
%&’()*
"+&,-
&"
.,&&*-&/012&,-
mW!I
3&4567)7( 0,&&
mW!"
3&4547)7( 0,&&12&,-
|W!"
89&,!,&&* 0,&&12&,-
!‘"
:,-),1(2,7-12&,-
rO
;)*0,)/
tn %<,5*! =>?@?= =?=@>> ABB@$> ACD@=> =?A@EE A=C@FC =?F@>F
Xn %7""&, $E$@?$ $?F@=F $$E@CF $B?@A? $>>@>? $$D@CB $$?@?B
sn :707"* >F$@EC $E=@$B >=B@AA >D>@DF >CE@$D >=>@FA >DB@DE
Sn G5*0&, $EF@=C >=B@DC $BA@E? >A?@=A >DF@B$ >DF@== >F?@FE
ZM>c5*) E H E@$ "8(# ?W>,|A*N95
nL5(Xn*‘x ?EIMRdj85H<=8<
os9clM
Sn*_W_i|’&r?V#*"eTO5‘
{/NuGxo*z"eT)n5|W!"z;z
"eT)I5mW!"8!‘"*|j JK?E s9
FlMrOS8"\;mW!I*|j JK?E s9
FdM
$@A GH2VWXSD JK?E 01 r:RAw
R^eA*|j JK?E s9|}Pb|P LwU*
%x&^I{m) E@EEE*l(QoBE7 E@E?*6
z0):RAwReA*|j JK?Es9iSIQ
onPMwRAqBeA*|j JK?Es9Zm)
BEE@==!!8"
#$*v:RAqB|j JK?E s9Zm
A>?@$$!!8"
#$d A$IWhBwRAqBeA*|
j JK?Es9Zm) =EB@=D!!8"
#$*vhB:RA
qB|j JK?E s9Zm >?$@$A!!8"
#$d ?$CIM
*Er JK?E5"lAgShB:Rxk%F!M
8 nTIST
qeA*|j JK?E s9$ZmE9 $ /H%
]d6JK?Es9$Zml(E$%5rOS*|j JK?Es9d(R1##eA*%A7o^eE>EEAd5GH#$
BKM
JK?Es9AeABt5OcFRx*lO*e
A##8eABt5vwz,*‘Jn~8‘J^k
D,3}MNK*Xn@kR1##5!‘"eA
vTIyz9lAEi$%9&Ld8eiH*[!
d5 JK?Es9_d(d5&"eA*C;)[E?FFDd5GH#$!!‘
"eA*|jCOis9clMPGHAD0GH
,>.L5q46fAPzU|A!‘"eA5_
ip9Fd8}Bd;l8J‘I~i@,OcM_
ip9d8}Bd;l*4%&*wN8lMAq‘
!*‘f(COi5"*lC8*S:]‘A,,o
COi"’5pqB*6ffC@rCOis9F
d‘BMJ^*fA955$%LqEnF!#$l
_EBtd%QvwOdAHjGk5EC8fil
\D5iuy**qCvwHj<5lj)E?W
e*?FF=dMS:]AqB*H1/OeABtJ,
f(*l|j JK?Es98,f(05?X;M*1
(|Is&’GHM
E F - .
TFF*Y Z*5 F M ?FF= M "\5hA;-GH M TS&’(
\*>aA? # AAM
2CX M >EEA M Hj6h’COir<=l0ucf563 M hK8
z’*BE=da=E # =$M
fbd*(%b*^ >H*e M >EE= M :]‘JeABt*];N(5
5GH M SF&)v)H*>E >da=A # =BM
^O"*(’k*W :*e M >EEA M Hj6h’COiGH|N M q
R(\H))HaZ[()8*>$EAdaFC # ?EE M
5t[ M >EE$ M vX:]3& M FGavX&’x89 M
7o^*GMO*i t M >EEA M FG:.‘Je}$%{leAB
tA|jv6h’COiEJK?EdM vXd&*E$daCC # CFM
( s M >EE> M :t‘JBteAhA:f5rvCD M RF&’
H))H*=E$da??? # ??AM
iBF*GMO*)ZB*e M ?FFC M FG:]Fb.eA5;<(
$ M FG&’H))H*?FEAda?> # ?CM
;’L*XRI*(K[*e M >EE> M E‘leA;-Bt|k##;
;<(5 M hA)H*>>E?>da>E$B # >EAEM
;)[ M ?FFD M :]hi<=eXim15GHE=d999e}6/i
;\5gGH M vXd&*?AE=FdaB? # B$M
? W*f X*[%1 M ?FF= M I:4’nAk5#$1_E1Hj
&8Ag]^ M Hj()*?FEAdaAE= # A?AM
N&,7-& O :M ?FFC M 8/&40,)* "54,)(4)

K54,)(4)

R’*)-&005 :*%42S’,0T U*.)/6 3M >EEE M :,& 02&,& (&*(5059& (7-!,)7<( Q), 02&
&QQ&40( )Q ’5,-),*& <’,054/&(M 8*95)* +&’/02 J&,(<&40*?EDEFdaDA? #
DA=M
!"#$% WXY(
B=? & ’ ( ) A="