为了解覆被变化对土壤水分的影响,采用中子水分仪同步定位观测多年撂荒地转变为人工柠条锦鸡儿林地前后2种覆被类型的土壤剖面水分动态变化,并对测定资料进行量化分析。结果表明: 荒地造林后,除丰水年林地剖面土壤含水量和储水量增加,表现为对土壤水分的正效应外,其他年份均表现为对土壤水分的负效应。随林龄增加,柠条锦鸡儿林对土壤水分影响程度逐渐增强,林地土壤含水量和储水量下降幅度加大。由于林地土壤水分主要依靠穿过林冠的天然降水来补充,为了实现森林植被和土壤水资源的可持续发展,防止深层土壤干层形成,造林后第5年就需采取适当措施控制柠条锦鸡儿生长,以减少土壤水分消耗。
In order to understand the effect of land cover change from abandoned land to Caragana korshinskii forest land on soil water resources, the dynamics of soil water content with time in the soil layers from 0-400 cm in both of caragana forest land and wasteland was measured simutaneously with neutron probe in fixed positions, and effect of the land cover change on soil water resources was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that there was a negative effect of the land cover change on soil water resources during the observed years (2002—2006), with the exception year in 2003 in which there was a positive effect of the land cover change on soil water resources because it was a wet year. The influenced degree of the land cover change on the annual averaged soil water content, soil water storage in the soil profile was exacerbated with plant age. The difference of soil water content and soil water storage between the two kinds of land cover type was increased with plant age. Because the precipitation is the only resource of soil water in the semiarid loess region, some proper measures should be taken at the fifth year of C. korshinskii forest to control its growth in order to reduce soil water consumption,prevent deep soil from desiccation and realize the sustainable use of soil water resources and vegetation resources.
全 文 :˚Ø 9"
!
!"
" !
#$
#
$ % # %
$
#$
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1#$
2345!$ % # %
*+,-./012345678&
9+:;<=>?
!"#
6
$%&
"
@AB&(CD)
6
EF()G;HI;+JKLMN
6
OP
7#$#%%#
!
6
"
!6
QRSTUVW9+:;<=>?
!
XYEZ;<[\]^_`ab$cdefVQ7823456
&egh
$
iTUjk=+:lm;
p9a^qrstuW
wxyz
%
de{&h
!
|};$
&elm+:~;u;u
!
yQ9+:;<=
!
$yQ9+:;<=
$
&
!
23456&9+:;<>?
!
&e+:~;u;uD
$
&e+:
;<&= ¡;¢£¤
!
QR¥¦&§U+:;q¨=©Kª«¬
!
®¯°+:/°±
²
!
{&h!
8
$³´Xµ¶·¸¹º»23456¼½
!
¾¿À+:;<ÁÂ
$
#$%
%6
*+,-./01
&
2345678&
&
+:;<
&
&()*
! &7#918#666
+,-./
!,666
+01*
!#%%# :7!99"$%#%##$ :%%%# :%7
ÃÄÅ#
% $%%; :%8 :#<&
ÆÇÅ#
% $%#% :%9 :$$$
ÈÉÊË
%
FÌÍ¡()ÈÉ
"!#%7##;<#&
(CIFÌ(CÎÏÐÑ
"$%%"=,2%;=%9#&
FÌÍ¡()ÈÉÒÓÊË
"<%$<%$;%#&
EF
()G;+JKLMNÔÕÖ×ØÙgÚ
"&>%8####$
!"#$%&"(%)")$)*+!"#"$"%" ()*%(&*,&(#-%&./&)+0*%#(
).%1#/#2)*()3(#* &"4--5)+6 7#8)&.
?@/AB/CDEB3CD6&BF/GHCDIFC
"!"#$%&($)*+,-./#(.$061-($.$2$"34".56-7 86$#9"-(#/6$."-!9%.-():67;0"34:.-:(!
<.-.($#0"386$#=("2#:(6>6-?5.-? 7#$#%%#
9-%(*$%%6(C /JK3JL/@CK3JELFCK LB33M34L/M0FCK 4/N3J4BFCD3MJ/OFPFCK/C3K 0FCK L/96#6?6-6 @"#(%.-(@.M/J3EL0FCK
/C E/H0QFL3JJ3E/@J43E! LB3KRCFOH4E/ME/H0QFL3J4/CL3CLQHLB LHO3HC LB3E/H00FR3JEMJ/O% :!%% 4OHC P/LB /M4FJFDFCF
M/J3EL0FCK FCK QFEL30FCK QFEO3FE@J3K EHO@LFC3/@E0RQHLB C3@LJ/C SJ/P3HC MHT3K S/EHLH/CE! FCK 3M34L/MLB30FCK 4/N3J
4BFCD3/C E/H0QFL3JJ3E/@J43EQFEU@FCLHLFLHN30RFCF0RV3K5+B3J3E@0LEEB/Q3K LBFLLB3J3QFEFC3DFLHN33M34L/MLB30FCK
4/N3J4BFCD3/C E/H0QFL3JJ3E/@J43EK@JHCDLB3/PE3JN3K R3FJE"$%%$$%%"#! QHLB LB33T43SLH/C R3FJHC $%%< HC QBH4B
LB3J3QFEFS/EHLHN33M34L/MLB30FCK 4/N3J4BFCD3/C E/H0QFL3JJ3E/@J43EP34F@E3HLQFEFQ3LR3FJ5+B3HCM0@3C43K
K3DJ33/MLB30FCK 4/N3J4BFCD3/C LB3FCC@F0FN3JFD3K E/H0QFL3J4/CL3CL! E/H0QFL3JEL/JFD3HC LB3E/H0SJ/MH03QFE
3TF43JPFL3K QHLB S0FCLFD35+B3KHM3J3C43/ME/H0QFL3J4/CL3CLFCK E/H0QFL3JEL/JFD3P3LQ33C LB3LQ/WHCKE/M0FCK 4/N3J
LRS3QFEHC4J3FE3K QHLB S0FCLFD35=34F@E3LB3SJ34HSHLFLH/C HELB3/C0RJ3E/@J43/ME/H0QFL3JHC LB3E3OHFJHK 0/3EEJ3DH/C!
E/O3SJ/S3JO3FE@J3EEB/@0K P3LFW3C FLLB3MHMLB R3FJ/M9A@"#(%.-(@.M/J3ELL/4/CLJ/0HLEDJ/QLB HC /JK3JL/J3K@43E/H0
QFL3J4/CE@OSLH/C!SJ3N3CLK33S E/H0MJ/OK3EH44FLH/C FCK J3F0HV3LB3E@ELFHCFP03@E3/ME/H0QFL3JJ3E/@J43EFCK N3D3LFLH/C
J3E/@J43E5
:#6 ;&(3-%6E3OHFJHK 0/3EEBH0RJ3DH/C& 0FCK 4/N3J4BFCD3& E/H0QFL3JJ3E/@J43E& 3M34L
66
*+ÛÜe1/0Ý;
(
¼oÞßàW
!
;+
áâãÒ
$
;q¨äÝåæ7çè;q¨=Jé
êëì«HYíîÒïðÅ
"
ñFò
!$%%%#$
+:;ó§ôõ¾¼ö=È÷
!
øóáÙ;ùÞE
úûü=²<
!
ý>?þB¼ÿ
(
§U!"¼o
Þß
(
;q¨=êë<#$Û
HY
!
%&+:;q
¨=LM()*
"
+,-
! $%%"&
ã./-
!
$%%7#$
0
#9
123
$%
12
7%
$4
!
EF=¦&
m567¿À8B9m567
"X/@DBL/C $65!
$%%<#$
7j=ìdi§
(
:;&<
(
=>?@
-ûn
!
+eTUjk«¼AV
!
Í¡B`CV
W
!
D«Rq¨$ÞßEF
$
q¨ÞßGHãÒe
>?þ7ç=¼ÿ$¼û
!
åIJKL«¬=²M
D
!
7çìNOPÍQ=ûn
!
)*TUVW9;
q¨=>?
$
%&RS¯TLM+eTUVWUV
ó¦&§UjkVW9;q¨UVó+:;q¨=
& ( )
!"
"
6
>?
!
¾WXs¦&q¨;q¨=©KªHY
(
;
ÞßYZ=[MA(
®+:Þß]WJ^
IJKL=©Kª«¬
$
_î
$%
12
"%
$4
!
î1`maq¨ÞßG
H=bB
!
cêFd(efg1`hifg-
FjFk³fg¥¹RlmnÒDFj()ÐÑ
!
o
#;"!
$cêFd(efgpq¥¹=Fj;e
r$
(
Fjes
:
¼ôsÐÑ
"(?=Y#
tuÞßV
WE=7e%vÐÑ
"(X2Y#!
#;;8
$cêwx
R+eHY
Z
TyVW
"-[#
LMÐÑ
!
åC²Q
tuVWLM=gÚzÓ
$
7çìN)*+eH
Y$TUVW=Þß
!
UVóTUVW=;e
>?LM
$ GFHKO3CL"#;;$#
LMRÁ|§U9{
|
(
ey}áe;=>?
!=/JOFCC
-
"#;;;#
L
MRBûn9~;1;etQ=>?
!\@
-
"$%%$#
LMRX;{&hey;+:ôë
=VW
!GFHLJ3
-
"$%%$#
PR¢i$;q
¨=GH
!AFNF03LF"$%%%#
LMR¢ôium
5=9
+:;q¨=>?
$
F
LMî+eHY$+eTUVW
=KLIJÍ¡%v
$
$¢
!
î
P+eHY$TUVW=n
(
LM+eHY$
TUVW9+:+:wk+:U>
?
(
-[
Þß
=\
!
7çìNLMTU
VW9+:;<
"
+-
!$%%"#(
9+:/
=>?
"
F-
!$%%"#$
<-
"$%%8#
LM
R6\=456
"96#6?6-6
;.:#"B%056#
78&9 e+:;<{|u=>
?
(
¡F¢-
"$%%9#
LMR6\+eHY9£î{
|u=>?-
!
¤ó)TUVW9+:;q¨>
?=m¥LM¦§¨À
$
MLM©ª¾*+,-.
/01b$cde«¬k§U®
23456
"96#6?6-6 @"#(%.-(@.#
78&fVQ¯
!
LM+
eTUVW9+:;q¨=>?
$
#6
LM°±
<=<>
23456
©²e_*+,-./01=*¼o©²
³
"
´µ¶Ü
#!
·³_
<8]8; ^<"]%$^*!
#%"]$" ^#%"]<% )^$
1
¸Ú¹¾ºQ
% _
$8]!
»¼½
# 8$
;<#6
!
#!
%;¾À
!
;~E
";
%
!
;u
¿$;u=
7%`
¾
$
;u$jVW¨D
!
V
Wî
"0
#;9<
$%%#
$
!
$;u
!#81" OO!
;$VQ
$<18`!
ÀÁ#
#8$
$
+:Q*Â+
!
§UjkQ
¦&ÃÜ«¬kÃÜ=Äjk
$
©²e_ÅÆ
ÇȺEI
!
ºQ
7 _#$]!
»¼½
# "8% O$
©²
1Qb$cde
!
§ôij½ÉÃ
" 4$.B6
C2-?6-6#(
ÊËÌÍÎ
"D$#"B6BB2(6$6.:2(#(
Ï
Ð
" )#$;.(.6 ?.#657.#(
Ñ Ò Ó
" E%0;2(
;"-?"5.:2(#
-
$
<=?>
789:;8<=>
©²eQÈÔÕ=Öºe×
$
eØ
!
ÙÚ4yeÛ
!
Ü
#
Ý
! O
¯=+:lm
!
«©
²e*Â++:lmeÞ¨l
$
îlmEI
"#9% 4O
$%% 4O
ß
#
YÞàµÜY+
!
î*+Û
Ü+:$0eBFÌÒÓ¥²áXYâãF
±a^+:;$
ÚæºÙÚçe3èÞ¨é=b$cde
$
cde§U¾ê
!
§ôij½ÉÃ
(
ÊËÌ
ÍÎ
(
ÏÐ
(
ÑÒÓ-
!
Û
$% _8% 4O!
yQ
!%` _"%`!
ëQ
8<`!
ë¼ôuQ
78 D)O
:$
$
îcde=ç
$% Oa8 O
=ìq}á`aí
$
î}
áíEãe×îï
$
Ýðñ
# O
=
! O
½=EZ;
<[òêÉóô
$
îïgµ+õ
(
a^+:;<
$
XY
*8%<,"2b#
kö÷EZ;<[a^lm+
:;<
$
a^g9EZ[stRì^
!
ì^°Q
%
0c8817"Fd#19;!
E
0
Qø5~;u
!F
QEZ
[ù
$
a^
!
ú
$% 4O
ûü
#
ý
!
EZÐþ
Q
#" E!
a^¯Q
% _!%% 4O$
23456Q¶Ü
=ÿ+i{&i
$
!"{&i#$
!
23456&={&m5úD
$ $%%$
$
"
%
$!
Å
î}áíst%+
(
ë&+e(23456i
Z
!
=ç(uQ
$1%!#18!#1%!%18 WD
9"
"
cd
e
#
©²1
$ $%%$
$
;
%E)XYõ¹±*+6
\(u23456,&1
!
îúÝ1EI
Ú1ú-
# O
.>lÝõ°
!
úÝ1*+
;
Ý
õ°
!
õ°m5Q
# Oa# O$
ú$
!
%E)
#%
%
!
îúÝ1
ÙÚ
!%
/23456
!
*+6(u123456&=È}Û¼½
$
9+:;
^#a^
ú$023456ìN«0¬=
!
%E)ìN
"
!
#
$Q(i
#!
3®
"#%##
%
#
w1
!
ú-
#8
a^
#
ý
$
6^#au[2 h3¦st;g
(
h
=+:;<`a
$
úý4h
!
au}á5
;_Û
6 ~u
!
Ð7ey}áu+:áâu
$
<=@>
?@ABCD
©²2XY
)T430
8èst¥Ðßëë
TUVW9+:;<=>?Y
<
Ý9ì
:u
%
ló+:;<>?¯
!
[2ð\çe3è
$
6!
#$
# ;<=-
%
*+,-./012345678&9+:;<=>?
TUVWgh
$
iTUjklm+:;<>?VW
å¹@^
!
eyñ
$
3å¹AÓ=ñâBQTUV
W=+:;<>?¯
&
Có+:~;uDE
!
B
ð\#þ
$
iTUjk+:~;uCúDDBF
D
&
Gó+:;uDE
!
B
$
iTUjklm+
:;uCD
$
$6
wx$
EFG(HIJK
È9+:ø5~;u;Hqr=
=çR+:ø5~;u
"
!
!`#
$;H
"
"
!
#%
8
YF#
=)mQ
%
!
G#"1$$"
"
H%1$7! "%
! "##
66
*+ÛÜ9þK;=ÈHVWî
# a#%
!
_" a#%
!
YF"
OeI-
!$%%%#!
ð=9þ
K;u¥aEQ
<817<` _#"1!7`$
ÈHQ
# a#%
8
YF
=Jô7KLQ
#!1#`$
M9¥
aE$NêE=
îOHPQ
"
"
e$ a
#%
8
YF#!
¥aE$NêEðD¨D
&
îÛHPQ
"
"!
$ a#%
8
YF#!
+:;<=a^E$NêERS
T
$
2&UVjw
!
·ÈHQ
#8 a#%
8
YF
!
23456&e+:;<=WXm½Q
91"`$
ª
#6
cde+:;
"$%%$#
fHD5#6+B34BFCD3/MELFCKFJK K3NHFLH/C /J3TLJ3O3
KHM3J3C43QHLB E/H0K3SLB HC $%%$ HC LB3QFEL30FCK
?=?>
LMNEFG(
î./0e1
!
lYHY4Z¢ag(i23
456¾[Û«0²û
$ $%%$
$
"
%
9
Å
$$
Å
!
LM1
!;18 OO
=
D;
!
+:\]¨^
$ $!
Å%epë&+e
!
Bst(i
!
p9\#(i,&b$cdelm
+:;
$;u
"<9!19 OO#
_Ob$ëE
!
`Ô0$
& $%%<
$;uQ
"$<1< OO!
T
#;9!
$
""=};$
& $%%!
$;uQ
<$91< OO!
Þ¨/0
&
$%%8
$Q
<7; OO!
Ob$ëE
!
¤ó$
$%%$
$
ð·
$ $%%$$%%8
$=;uZa<.6b
tlc
!
¤óÈMdùð\=ef
% #<
%
###$
%;u¾À
!!8
%
#%
%;u¨b
!
";
%Q;Za
$
lm+:;<(;
hg-%v>?8«¼VW
$
YìqDFDyh
!
cdelm+:;
"
ª
##!
ìqD
"&2!`#
¯
"I!4O#
=VW
©¾Y9°stj
"=
$
c%19;; ;#%
&2G!1;<8 9 H%19#$ !0C"I#! "$#
ª
$6
cde+:;<>?VW
fHD5$6+B34BFCD3/ME/H0QFL3J3TLJ3O3KHM3J3C43
QHLB E/H0K3SLB HC QFEL30FCK
66
©²e_æÇ=EI
!
+°¯k
!
e
;lm¨¯
!
+:;<¢Í ¡;
$
$%%$$%%8
$
!
$=;uðD¨D
!
9+:;<
ÿ¼=>?6!
6\$lm+:;<=VW
6$
b$cde§U¾ê
!
§ô[m<.
¨n
!
¼ÿO
!
§ô9+:;<=HY¯
$
0
$%%$$%%8
$¼½Zcdelm+:;<ëE
¯=VW
"
ª
$#
©¾ox
!
p¡6\$;
ulm+:;<VW°ý6!
¤cdet
$+:ë~;u>?VW=¨
% $%%$
$l
mq°+:ë~;u=VrmQ
717`!$%%<
$ú
!
Q
"18`& $%%!
$Q
;1;`& $%%8
$Q
;1#`&
#%`!
stz6\$lm+:ë
~;u=>?VW6uzv
$
6\$lm+
:;<>?VWDr¨
!
ë~;uw
#$1$` _#$19`!
xKî¨Û=;
Mb
$cde
% _!%% 4O
lm+:;v
!
Båî};$
"$%%<
$
#!
øyî
$%%<
$
##
<
& ( )
!"
"
6
%zî
% _#7% 4O
+°=+:;<~uDJô7
KL
!
{DI<þ
% _!%% 4O
lm+:;
"#!1#`#!
%&DI<þcde
+:=|o;}t~
$
?=@>
OPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]EFG(
^_
$%%$
$
;
%
9
Å*+R6\(iu123
456&
"
y
##$
9
#
$¼6\(iu12
3456&elm+:;
M9
(i¼½#lm+:;<*+wx=
!
6\z§23456&9+:;<=HY
>?6$
(iuQ
$1%!#18 WD
cde
1lm+:;<>?VWª
<
Nh
$
$%%$
$;ÔÀ
!
6\©²1lm+:;
&
8î
$%%<
$Q};$
!
6\(iu
1lm+:;<ux
!
stzî./
01
!
>?&elm+:;<=%vQ;
!
ýQ
!
%&
÷[2(i·$=+:;
$
îa^+°
!
Û1
"$1% WD#
+:;u
!";18 OO
3
<;71$ OO!
7$1< OO"
ª
:;u
8#;1$ OO
3
!"71; OO!
8#1<
OO"
ª
"
cde
#
8<17 OO"
ª
<4#&
O=
#1% WD
1
!$19 OO!%18 WD
1
$$19 OO$
î3èð\
!
(iuD
!
D
!
23456[mHÃ=+:;<b
!
&
e+:;<0WiãÒ
!
s$)¦§wxð
"
<-
!$%%8#$
î ¡Yo
!
b$cd
elm+:;<øx0Wi
!
stz+:0W
Qli͡i
$
ox¾ð\#þcde+:;
uOEQS="E
!
yÛ
"$1%
WD#
1x+:0W
$
stzîif²
(
çe
3è
(
&-3èð\
!
Vi=iD
!
eyTy
!
¦&§U¼o
v
$
¤ó
uD·$³LD«+:0W
$
%&îLM123
456&úD(iuQ
#18 WD)"#% O#
:$
!
ð=
úDz§Q
" 8%%
/
)"#% O#
:$
$
ó¾b$c
defWQ
" 8%%
/
)BO
:$
=23456&e
Q4ytzTUVW9+:;q¨=>?
$
`
<>
WXYZ[\abcdST
A*9B<>2&C.%&"-&;).8 -##3*.33#.-)%6 &"!+()*%(&*
ÊË
(L3O
ßë
#
+J3FLO3CL#
ßë
$
+J3FLO3CL$
ßë
<
+J3FLO3CL<
ßë
!
+J3FLO3CL!
cde
>FEL30FCK
(iu
,O/@CL/ME/QHCDE33KZ*WD)"#% O#
:$
+
$1% #18 #1% %18 %
23CEHLRZ"LJ33)BO
:$
#
" 7%% " 8%% 8 #%% $ 8%% %
ª
<6
6\(i1lm+:;
F$1%
1
& P #18
1
& 4
cde
& &!
(i
& )?&!
¼½Z
$
FFCK P 3TSJ3EELB3S0/LEQHLB $1% WDFCK #18 WD/MLB3FO/@CL/ME/QHCDE33K FCK 4HEQFEL30FCK&
& HE/C E/QHCD& )?& HEHC LB33CK /MDJ/QLB E3FE/C5
!
6!
#$
# ;<=-
%
*+,-./012345678&9+:;<=>?
?=D>
efghiEFGjk]lm
# _!
$=23456&TUVW9lm+:
;<=>?oª
! _8
y
$
Nh
$
þ&=
!
23456¼[
(
«0p^¢
!
ÛÈ}
D
!
°u¼ôu
!
¦&§U9&
(
ey}á}áu
(
{«|-=>?
L
!
8b$¼cde§U¾ê
!
9ey}á
=>?i
!
sVWR¡L3+:;q¨
$
ª
!6
TUVW9+:;<>?
"$%%$
$
#
fHD5!6+B33M34L/M4/N3J4BFCD3/C
E/H0QFL3J4/CL3CLHC $%%$
0! 4
0FCK 43TSJ3EE3E9A@"#(%.-(@.0FCK FCK QFEL30FCK J3ES34LHN30R5
LM1;$jVW¨D
!
úD$;u
""$ú$;u
"$8;1; OO#
ðD
!
TUVW9+:;q¨=>?©÷x+:
;u=
+:;u=
$
0
ª
! _8
y
$
©¾ox
!
TUVW9+:;<=>
?þ=w8«¼zvVW
$ $%%$
$2
3456ݨ
!
[mHÃHY+:;<¯¨
n
!
TUVW9+:;<>?¯Q
$#% 4O$
î
!%
4O
+°
!
ë+:~;uúDO
%1;8`!
+:
;u
91< OO& $%%<
$
9
%
#8
Å
!
23456
=ëÛ
$!17 4O!
ëÈ}Q
<19 OO!
[m«
^
!
$%%<
$Q};$
!
+:;<£u¨D
!
23
4569lm+:;<=>?~Eî
% _$<%
4O
+°PQ
!
p9+:;<=>?Q
$
îlm
#"% 4O
+°
!
+:~;u
#1#`!
tl
m+:;u
!9!1; OO
3
!;$19 OO!
71; OO!
só
% ## $%%<
$;uT
ûü=úD;u
!
;ðèbQ;u¡
¨½=ðè
!
;u$+:;<£u¢¹±ð
)
!
%&;u
!
+:;<£uD
!
só+
:;u=Ü%
& $#
þ&=
!
&
<Û
(
yey£¤
!
ey}á=
D
!
%&TUVWH;E+:T¥
T¥u
!
¿Àey}áu
& <#
§U°¦
Tyey
!
HOey§
!
¿i3¨eym
u©ª«÷
!
08¬»y+°={«
$
$
$¼
23456Ý
!
{|u¨O
!
;uD
!
%&T
UVW9+:;q¨=>?xlm+:;q¨
=
$ $%%!
$;u¨
!<
$¼23
456&9lm+:;<=>?¯¨3
<7% 4O!
>?D
&
úD+:~;uCDxî
9% 4O
#%% 4O
+°
!
+:~;u
$18`$
lm+:
;u
8%<1< OO
3
!"<1! OO!
O
<;1;
OO& $%%8
$®x/0
!
;uQ
<7; OO!
O
$%%$
$=;u
!
23456&9lm+:;<=
>?¯¯a^¯
"!%% 4O#$
îlm
"% _#!%
4O
+°
!
+:~;uCDD
<`$
î
#$% 4O
+°
+:~;uCD¨3
<1;`!
+:;u
!9819
OO
3
<;;1; OO!
981; OO!
&elm+:
;u¨3¨O=;ë
$
M¾=
!
p¡(;u>?
!$%%<
$TUVW9+:;
q¨=>?x
!
¤óxsõ=°~O
$
DI<$TUVW9+:;q¨=>?yx
!
þþ=w
!
+:;<+:;u
D
!
TUVW9+:;<=>?¯
!
9
+:;q¨=>?
$
·1e;lm
¨¯
!
®À±²3è
!
&e+:;<&
= ¡;¢£¤
$
\
!
$¼&
!
+:áâu³´
!
23456©¾HÃHY
!%%
4O
¾+°=+:;<
!
8î
9% _$%% 4O
+°
"
ª
"#
x+:~;uOWXm
"91"`#
=+°
$
+:/°=;<n9§ô=
zv
O
!
+:/°;<=µEQWXm
"
OeI
-
!$%%%#$
WXm6ólÝÓ
!
8ólݨ=
~;PQ
$
M923456&¼½lm+:;
p¡23456¶0
!
¶
!#
$
÷î·+:~;uPQ
¼½
$
¤ó·¨¯
+°=[°+:~;uO-
91"`
!
&
p¡6LçBD¸23456=¹º
!
¤ó&=
+:;
»¼Lx
23456V½
(
[g®i
!
%&¾Q
91"`
©
÷ó·çe3è23456&e+:;<=µ
E
$
î
$%%"
$¼½Z
!
!
8
$&e+:/°¿
À3
<%% 4O
+°
!
sÝ+°¯¯};$+:;
8
& ( )
!"
"
6
`
?>
efghiEFG(]lm
A*9B?>!"#$%&"+*.3$&E#($1*.8#&.-&)+;*%#(
ÊË
(L3O $%%$ $%%< $%%! $%%8
;u
YJ34HSHLFLH/CZOO <9!19 "$<1< <$91< <7;
23456&ëÛ
G3FC B3HDBL/MEB//LZ4O #!1< $!17 $;19 !<19
23456ëÈ}
G3FC PFEH4KHFO3L3J/MEB//LZOO $1" <19 <1;" !1$7
TUVW>?¯
&/H0K3SLB HCM0@3C43K PR0FCK 4/N3J4BFCD3Z4O $#% $<% <7% g!%%
lm+:~;uCFD
2HM3J3C43/ME/H0QFL3J4/CL3CLP3LQ33C QFEL30FCK FCK 9A@"#(%.-(@.0FCKZ` :%1;8 d#1# :$18 :<1;
+:;uCD
2HM3J3C43/ME/H0QFL3JEL/JFD3P3LQ33C QFEL30FCK FCK 9A@"#(%.-(@.0FCKZOO :91< d71; :<;1; :981;
ª
86$%%<$%%8
$TUVW9+:;<=>?
fHD586+B33M34LE/M0FCK 4/N3J4BFCD3/C E/H0QFL3JHC LB3S3JH/K MJ/O$%%< L/$%%8
0
cde
!4
23456&e
$
0FCK 43TSJ3EEQFEL3J0FCK FCK 9A@"#(%.-(@.0FCK J3ES34LHN30R5
ª
"6$%%!$%%"
$¼½Z23456&e
+:/°=ÁW
fHD5"6+B33N/0N3O3CL/MKJH3K 0FR3J/ME/H0K@JHCDLB3
3CK /MDJ/QHCDE3FE/C HC 9A@"#(%.-(@.0FCK
BlÂ&e+:/°¯
sݵ
!
ÃÄÅÀ±!"
$
%&
!
s+°¯·
ó23456HY+:;<=µE
$
QR¥¦
&§U+:;q¨=©Kª«¬
!
®§U+
:]W
!
³´ÆÇ9!
8
$23456&Xµ¶
·¸¹
!
oXYëȬ»&{«|
!
LM+:
;<§UÉÊ
!
p¾&Q2O23456
&
!
¾¨3º»&<¼½I+:0WC
Ë=
$
<6
w$P
+:;q¨óli©Ë¼q¨
!
+:;ÁÂh
!
ÌÍ=+:Îø
"
+:ÏÐ
#
Ñ÷Òö×lÓ=
;
"
ñÔì
!$%%9#$
yU§ô[mHÃHY
!
+
:;q¨Ñ÷«ÕY
!
ÿ¼IJ
$
p¡§ô
UVóÖ23456sõ=¶0§ô[m=HÃH
Y+:;<÷
!
¤ó§ôij§Ujk©¾
7¢º»
$
+:;q¨öu×D
!
ox6U
HY
!
p¡6L±²+:/°
!
¤óL{²+:;q
¨=FDØÙ
$
îhÚ3è¨^=e1
!
oxêë
HY+:;q¨
!
6
©¾®+:/°+:]
W
!
Ië;+áâ
!
A\¼oë:
!
8L¼ÿl^
u=Ûô
(
ÜÝ
"
֬
#
ÞÃ
!
¾ßà7á=
´
!
UVóî7á¨D
(
;+áâãÒ7á
"
6!
#$
# ;<=-
%
*+,-./012345678&9+:;<=>?
¼oâãÀ±¥=e1
$
îHY+:;q¨
!
oxº»+:;<6OWXm
!
îl
^Îø3è
!
ßàl^#
+:;q¨HYu
O£ä÷
!
sõ6
÷ßàIJKL«¬9¦
&§U+:;q¨=´
!
8ø÷I+:;
q¨HYEx=+:0W
(
+:/°×=
GH
!
¥©Kª«¬å_
$
b$cdelm+:;<þ=VW8V
W
!
¤ó+:;<VWxî¨n=+°
!
4Z
¢aæ!"
!
cdelm+:;<>?VW¾
6\$lm+:;
p¡cd
elm+:~;u¨Û
!
¤OJô7KL
!
îL
M16æ±²|oçª;è
$
LM1e;lm¨
¯
!
~éu¨O
!
+:{«6æ±²éêW
$
·1
eקUQ¦&ÃÜ«¬kÃÜ=Äjk
!
`
±ëÃÜe×
!
ܼ§UfQcde`ìtÁ
í
!
823456ó·e=ÿ+i
!
cde«23
456&efWdùÍ¡ef
$
|};$TUVW
9+:;q¨=>?x
!
$y
x
$
îyîTUVW9+:;q¨=>
?þ=w
!
+:~;u;
u
$
·1&e+:;<£
&= ¡;¢£¤
$
!
!
$23456&ey
}á¨À
!
+:áâu³´
!
ï¨3;+JK&ð
Ë=
&
!
8
$23456HY+:;<ï¨3¯
+:;<£¯HYµ
!
&e+:lmx
ãÒ=+:/°+:]Wi
$
QR¥¦&
+:;q¨=©Kª«¬
!
³´9!
8
$234
56&Xµ¶·¸¹
!
oMëȬ»&<¼½
&
¾&e+:;<ÉÊQìq
!
O&<¢
O{«|
!
Q;q¨UVó&e+:;q¨©K
ªHY[ñ(CÎÏ
$
n o + ,
<
!
òóô
!
õöz
5$%%85
(Ê÷ e78¶ &+:;<
$§U¶øP
5
;()s¬
!#""<#% !$" :!<%5
F
!
+ùú
!
û=¼
!
-
5$%%"5
È
+.2(
=*+ÛÜey/
$+eHY=)mLM
5
eëLM
!$7"8#% #"< :#7%!$%%5
ñFò
5$%%%5
¼oÞß=>$;q¨=JéHY
5
EF;H
!
"9#% $" :<%5
ñÔì
5$%%95
+:;q¨Ð7°±nï
5
;H)¦
!<;"#$#%
#<;8 :#!%%5
+
!
üýþ
!
0
6
ÿ
!
-
5$%%"5
*+16\+eHY°!ºm
+:~;=ÍþVrLM
5
B8)¦
!$$ "#$#% 7<
:7;5
+
6
,
!
O"#
!
$ùe
!
-
5$%%"5
+:;q¨=
%&9ì
m
5
;H)¦
!<7"!#% <9; :<;!5
ã./
!
+
6
,
!
+
6
(
!
-
5$%%75
)F¼o´;LMm)*
LM+Hz
5
;H)¦
!<9"<#% $"7 :$7<5
OeI
!
,zî
5$%%%5
*+ÛÜ+:;
A-
%
()x.K
5
¡F¢
!
/
6
0
!
Ûe1
5$%%95
6\+eHYko£î{|«u
Þ¨
%
¾Cý&¼om¥$23¼om¥Q¯
5
;()s¬
!#;
"<#% !%7 :!##5
=/JOFCC X!2H3WWJhD3J=!XF@E4BH0K G5#;;;5(OSF4LE/M0FCKE4FS3
OFCFD3O3CL/C LB3BRKJ/0/DH4F0P3BFNH/@J/MEOF0FDJH4@0L@JF0
4FL4BO3CLE5YBREB3O)FJLB!$!"!#% $;# :$;"5
X/@DBL/C b,!XF4W03Ji-5$%%<5&/@J43EFCK EHCWE/M4FJP/C MJ/O
0FCKj@E34BFCD3HC BHCF5?0/PF0=H/D3/4B3OH4F0R403E!#7"$#%
#%GFHKO3CL2b5#;;$5XFCKP//W /MBRKJ/0/DR5*3Qk/JW% G4?JFQj
XH05
GFHLJ32!>H0D3C =>.!?30K3JP0/OG!$65$%%$5(CNFEHN3F0H3C
LJ33FCK QFL3JJ3E/@J43EHC E/@LB ,MJH4F% 4FE3EL@KH3E/MLB34/ELE
FCK P3C3MHLE/MOFCFD3O3CL5f/J3EL)4/0/DRFCK GFCFD3O3CL!#"%
"#Z<#% #!< :#8;5
\@ ki!=@JD3Ji,!,@EL> G!$65 $%%$5BFCD3EHC E@JMF43QFL3J
LFP03 K3SLB FCK E/H0 SBREH4F0 SJ/S3JLH3E FML3J BFJN3ELFCK
3ELFP0HEBO3CL/M0/P0/0RSHC3"J.-2($676 -5# HC ,L0FCLH44/FELF0
S0FHC Q3L0FCKE/M&/@LB FJ/0HCF5&/H0l +H0FD3b3E3FJ4B! "<
"
,OPH/!$;"9#% !"$ :!"75
!
!"#$
6
%&
"
7