摘 要:基于对尖峰岭热带山地雨林原始林、皆伐后恢复41 a的天然更新林和皆伐后恢复25 a的人工促进天然更新林的调查数据,对其物种组成、物种相似性、物种丰富度及多样性、植株密度和稳定性等进行比较分析,并通过优势种群龄级结构分析预测群落的发展趋势。结果表明:1)物种丰富度及物种多样性均以原始林最高,乔木层物种多样性表现为天然更新林>人工促进天然更新林,幼树层和下木层表现为人工促进天然更新林>天然更新林;2) 天然更新林与原始林的物种相似性比其与人工促进天然更新林的高,说明天然更新林恢复程度较人工促进天然更新林好;3) 植株密度表现为人工促进天然更新林>天然更新林>原始林,与干扰程度正相关,与皆伐后恢复时间负相关;4) 乔木层和下木层的群落稳定性表现为原始林>天然更新林>人工促进天然更新林;5) 优势种群发展趋势分析表明,原始林群落主要优势种群大部分表现为增长或稳定趋势,天然更新林群落上层阳性树种表现为衰退或稳定趋势,下木层的优势种则表现为增长趋势,人工促进更新林的栽培种和一些偏阳性树种表现出衰退或稳定趋势,林下一些优势度稍低的种群表现出逐渐增长趋势。因此,虽然天然更新林和人工促进天然更新林所在群落具有一定的稳定性,但其种类组成结构将发生较大的变化,仍处在由前期阳性树种向后期耐荫树种转变的演替进程中。
Abstract: The community structure characteristics were analyzed with the survey data from three plots which respectively were: a virgin forest (virgin forest,0501), a natural secondary forest after clear-cutting for 41 years (nature secondary forest,0502) and an artificial promoting secondary forest after clear-cutting for 25 years (artificial promoting secondary forest,0503). The community composition, species similarities, abundance and floristic diversity, individual density and stability were compared, and the community development trends were also predicted by the age structure analysis of the dominant populations. The results were listed as following: 1) 0501 had the most species abundance and floristic diversity. 0502 had higher floristic diversity than artificial promoting secondary forest in the arbor layer. 0503 had higher floristic diversity than nature secondary forest in the young tree layer and the underwood layer. 2) 0502 had more similar species composition to 0501 than to 0503, which suggested that 0502 had better recovery than 0503. 3) The sequence of individual density was 0503>0502>0501, which was positively correlated with disturbance degree and negatively correlated with length of the recovery time after clear-cutting. 4) The community stability of the arbor layer and the underwood layer was 0501>0502>0503. 5) The development trends analysis showed that the dominant populations in 0501 tended to increasing or being stable. The intolerant trees of the arbor layers in 0502 tended to
全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
3456*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
IJLCB#y?&’(XA&0;\eD"
3 4#5$ /67# 89:# ;<=# >7?#
@AB7 C !7 DEF7 GHI7
7#2 8K&’()PQGCB&’PQb KL "#%"$%> $2 8K&’()PQG$&D)Qkl’1PQb &’ #%%%>
72 V9IJLK>!‘a’1/ M: "8$"!$H
! "# +,aIJLCB#y?&‘[&cNO|.Y !# 40.aXA&jNO|.Y $" 40RSP*.a
XA&0AB0w*aUT|ORcT|,*bcT|de^mfgbcSQ]^jbpbd*+[\67*-LS
ko|;R!WX673v;\0csWo\WS~M=#HT|de^mT|fgb]!‘[&/.*S15T
|fgb~j’.aXA& 9RSP*.aXA&*TX5jz15~j’RSP*.aXA& 9.aXA&>
$H.aXA&Q‘[&0T|,*b[UQRSP*.aXA&0.*;M.aXA&.YT^\RSP*.a
XA&)>7HSQ]^~j’RSP*.aXA& 9.aXA& 9‘[&*Qc7T^3,i*QNO|.YF
3],i>!HS15jz150;\bpb~j’‘[& 9.aXA& 9RSP*.aXA&>"Hko|;c
sWo67~M*‘[&;\_"ko|;;‘6~j’j
)*T8$%&= CB#y?&>XA&>DTfgb>bpb>3v>IJL
’()*+#’8"8 ,-./0#- ,12+##%%# : 8!;;3$%%&4%# : %%#! : %8
>?@#=$%%8 : %! : $7>~[@#=$%%; : #% : 7#+ABC=K>‘a()GH+AeV9&CB.a&_"ef;’1Q.Y0D))+R77%!7%"8%Hhc}{_IJL$&D)Bm$
&D)J(/‘527$%%<=->%7-%8%$?@A%7Hj(:‘cK>&’~V9IJLK>!$&D)[3pnPQB+RopR%\]BC0‘
6Lw"^#_’LMNO\IJLK>!‘a’1/0*2[c^ ‘cabccd{Jcezc&fcgE(cmVc&h-miU-d(jbt
yqMAB*k{d#!"##$%&’( )’*$+’$*, !-.*.+’,*&/’&+/ "0 1*"2&+.3 4"%’.%, 5.&% 6"*,/’/ 7&’-
8&00,*,%’ 5,9,%,*.’&"% 1(2,/ &% :&.%0,%93&%9
BC D45#*$ .E FEGH# .C0 ,CIJ0C# .E5 KE5LME45# (JH5 >HME45L#
K0 3E5JC47 .C0 NH57 D05L BE40OE45L7 3E45L PJ05L1E45L7
7#2 !"#"$%&’ ()#*+*,*" -. /%-0+&$1 2-%"#*%3*4’+)"#" 5&$6"73 -. 2-%"#*%3 8,$)9:’-, "#%"$%> $2 !"#"$%&’ ()#*+*,*" -. 2-%"#* ;&-1-93*
;)<+%-)7")* $)6 =%-*"&*+-)*4’+)"#" 5&$6"73 -. 2-%"#*%3 >"+?+)9 #%%%> 72 @+$).")91+)9 A$*+-)$1 A$*,%" !"#"%<" +) B$+)$) C"6-)9 "8$"!$H
;’*.+’= ,JH Q0RRC5EST ISUCQSCUH QJ4U4QSHUEISEQI @HUH 4541TVHG @ESJ SJH ICUWHT G4S4 XU0R SJUHH Y10SI @JEQJ UHIYHQSEWH1T @HUH=
4 WEULE5 X0UHIS7WEULE5 X0UHIS*%"%#H*4 54SCU41 IHQ05G4UT X0UHIS 4XSHU Q1H4UZQCSSE5L X0U !# TH4UI754SCUH IHQ05G4UT X0UHIS*%"%$H
45G 45 4USEXEQE41 YU0R0SE5L IHQ05G4UT X0UHIS 4XSHU Q1H4UZQCSSE5L X0U $" TH4UI74USEXEQE41 YU0R0SE5L IHQ05G4UT X0UHIS*%"%7H6 ,JH
Q0RRC5EST Q0RY0IESE05*IYHQEHI IERE14UESEHI*4AC5G45QH 45G X10UEISEQ GEWHUIEST*E5GEWEGC41 GH5IEST 45G IS4AE1EST @HUH Q0RY4UHG*
45G SJH Q0RRC5EST GHWH10YRH5S SUH5GI @HUH 41I0 YUHGEQSHG AT SJH 4LH ISUCQSCUH 4541TIEI 0X SJH G0RE545S Y0YC14SE05I 6 ,JH UHIC1SI
@HUH 1EISHG 4I X0110@E5L=#H%"%# J4G SJH R0IS IYHQEHI 4AC5G45QH 45G X10UEISEQ GEWHUIEST 6 %"%$ J4G JELJHU X10UEISEQ GEWHUIEST SJ45
4USEXEQE41 YU0R0SE5L IHQ05G4UT X0UHIS E5 SJH 4UA0U 14THU 6 %"%7 J4G JELJHU X10UEISEQ GEWHUIEST SJ45 54SCUH IHQ05G4UT X0UHIS E5 SJH
T0C5L SUHH 14THU 45G SJH C5GHU@00G 14THU 6 $H%"%$ J4G R0UH IERE14U IYHQEHI Q0RY0IESE05 S0 %"%# SJ45 S0 %"%7*@JEQJ ICLLHISHG
SJ4S %"%$ J4G AHSSHU UHQ0WHUT SJ45 %"%72 7H,JH IH[CH5QH 0X E5GEWEGC41 GH5IEST @4I %"%7 9 %"%$ 9 %"%#*@JEQJ @4I Y0IESEWH1T
Q0UUH14SHG @ESJ GEISCUA45QH GHLUHH 45G 5HL4SEWH1T Q0UUH14SHG @ESJ 1H5LSJ 0X SJH UHQ0WHUT SERH 4XSHU Q1H4UZQCSSE5L 6 !H,JH
Q0RRC5EST IS4AE1EST 0X SJH 4UA0U 14THU 45G SJH C5GHU@00G 14THU @4I %"%# 9 %"%$ 9 %"%72 "H,JH GHWH10YRH5S SUH5GI 4541TIEI
IJ0@HG SJ4S SJH G0RE545S Y0YC14SE05I E5 %"%# SH5GHG S0 E5QUH4IE5L 0U AHE5L IS4A1H 6 ,JH E5S01HU45S SUHHI 0X SJH 4UA0U 14THUI E5 %"%$
!"#$"$ !% $"&’(#(#) %* +"(#) ,!-+’" . /0(’" !0" $%1(#-#! 2%23’-!(%#, (# !0" 3#$"*4%%$ ’-5"* 0-$ (#&*"-,(#) !*"#$. 60" &3’!(7-!"$
,2"&(", -#$ ,%1" (#!%’"*-#! ,2"&(", (# 898: ,0%4"$ $"&’(#(#) %* ,!-+’" !*"#$ 40(’" ,%1" 2%23’-!(%#, (# !0" 3#$"*4%%$ ’-5"*
,0%4"$ )*-$3-’ (#&*"-,(#) !*"#$,. 60"*";%*"*-’!0%3)0 ,%1" 2%23’-!(%#, (# +%!0 898< -#$ 898: !"#$"$ !% +"(#) ,!-+’" !*"#$.
60"(* ,2"&(", &%12%,(!(%# -#$ ,!*3&!3*" 4%3’$ &0-#)" )*"-!’5 -#$ !0"5 4"*" ,!(’’ (# !0" ,3&&",,(%# 2*%&",, ;*%1 !0" (#!%’"*-#!
,2"&(", (# !0" (#(!(-’ 2"*(%$ !% !0" ,0-$"=!%’"*-#! ,2"&(", (# !0" ’-!"* 2"*(%$.
!"# $%&’(= !*%2(&-’ 1%#!-#" *-(# ;%*",!>*")"#"*-!(%# ;%*",!,>+(%’%)(&-’ $(7"*,(!5>,!-+(’(!5>2*"$(&!(%#>>(-#;"#)’(#)
CB?&[yS9/YZ0$&D)[3_
~*UO/.0T|fgb7lMKd*<88?H*{a
[D))>0i6FHT{7@-*$",!5 !" #$ .*<88<>
AB#&0"C !" #$ .*<88<>D3#E"* !" #$ .*<889>F0"#) !"
#$ .*<88GH\-i,CB?&0PQY^#’\U
c$&_~7\;Bj&o$&H*CB?&WXQ
fgbeDPQ#[a|PQ0{nG"ot7l
MKd*<88?H\V9&[
WX7mOnd*?HH?>lMKd*<88?Hc&p|)
7lMKd*?HHHHcT|fgb7*‘ed*<88?>^
#_d*<88
IJ
0Sa_~\U8*CB#y?&[IJLcE/
/VcWX/’YZ0_~7^0d*?HLG>mOn
d*?HH?>^ #_*?HHJH\?H9L??HH< $3*lIJ
LuO/7?H9G $E_HM>8Sy’qO*aCB?&0T|ORcT|fgbm$&
WXdrRyw;HI7mOnd*?HH?H\?HH:$*
IJL&/l0KZLxy$&0v’qO7^#
_d*<88
7^#_*?HHJ>^ #_d*<88<>oznd*<88IHxyqO|IJL0$&Sa’P.Y*-[
’(.Y{xSa;\0ORWXcT|fgbm
UQ)Wo0,iPQ!O.;\<^lIJLN
O/E_ <%’(XAF3jXAo60CB#y
?&|pgy*-l‘[&E_ ?%|pgyEb
E\a :%gy$&;\0T|ORcT|,*bc
de^mfgbcSQ]^jbpbd*+[\6
7*-LSko|;R!WX673v;\0cs
Wo*}~CB?&.YXAST80Q+C$*’
!TV9&CB.a&’(XA{x0ef;QD
)i)|m.a&.YSNyu()vw? PQ/j‘
IJLn,V9@N9‘M:"#‘t
/C%R]9;
(&UY<+’(0*’/)*O*MT’+^T*
M5Yc*!O/P0,pWX>-6\de*f’
$&0cEyuR)0uAE\IJLCB#y?
&6\lVW G88 R ? <88 1{*!O\M+0CB
$&eD*ST|_ORde7mOnd*?HH?H< PQo4
<889$ 9?G%ln,IJLK>!‘a’1
/L0_6/j<6/7..H9rE&y : %g
y*J~CB#y?&‘[&jNO|’(XAo
6jXAF30;\=898?gy’‘[&*K8q
O*n,_6/>898
?HL8$NO|RSP*.aXA0rD&*?FR
S| S y ! ( 0 M X | 1 2 :7 %#&’(’)*+
,-.’,"*+Hj|]:7%#&’(/,*- ),!’’!,H*n,.."
34‘5\1 :ngy0awhil : E1TL*U
‘aop79:cMT_~dH+W,(\gyj‘
5~ ?F ) /KNO
*+,-) .+/01&%23’ %4 56%7(
gy
S’%!
p3
T*"-U
1<
VW
T’!(!3$"U
1
6^
A’%2"U
7MH
6t
T,2"&!
898? ?8 888 L88 : 3& O%*!0
898< G <88 L:8 << R :8 N\& /",! +5 #%*!0 9JM
898: : 888 J88 << R :8 :\& P-,! +5 #%*!0 G8M
qMABqv,$go-E4*61q :ng
yD6’ ?88*G
9?! ?# J :d=IJLCB#y?&’(XA&0;\eD
X.d&68E;\0(67F*39?;0qbOSQ6R
!n&5\z15="#$ %&!’() * +#, %&>TX5=
+#, %&!’() * -#, %&>S15=’()"-#, %&\F
-0;\WXjfgbXY^_,aG"-c
./011213456167fgbX0 !8j 956:2;]^^X0
"72J;d*"<<=H*,aG"- >? @7,a9.P
p3 A,af^ A,a<^HB!\bO0w]qv
C5%72D2EF GH%6: +$$!Ic.9..""#$I j J/6 K0F;70:
)5DF27L C;D6;& B .%2FF5D/ MDD2%50F521 E27 C07516 .%561%6
nc0 (52’5N67D5FL 972I=p*+F-$&bpb0v^o4b5[v7eoM*
+$$$H*]o4[l O2P7217"<-+H0bpbvpo4
+R90~*\]o4qvR>?w}[ +roT
0o4riP|@60Q23,a<^[-0vH
AY*-WPQqv !roT*+}[>]vHA
Y-qr +$BQ$7BAYBCAYH1{H*;\Z-
bp*+$BQ$1{H[;\0bpH\l;\bpb
67+R9*qvR!WX674riP;\L_
"ko|;7,aG"- >?""#,H0csWo*!
xr3v;\Q)ot! WSQ67
!"# 0123
‘[&gy $,$"KLR’c7*S15!cD
77 #$%&’()*$%* )+,-.-/,/Hc; Z ; ^7 0,$(--,.$*
/12*.31*4,/HcEF975*44(’1/ +((6.$,*-1/Hd’ko
|_*,aG"- >?’ R#$ S =#!>TX5jz15
ko|M+*61!EF97>?’ "$#="HjGH1
774*/’1/ )()+,-)+,-.-/,/H7>?’ "R#!,H’ko|\.
arD&gy $,$+NO|KLR’c7*S15!
-9;I7#*/’*-(&/,/ ’(-6,-.-/,/H7>?’ ""#R$H’k
o*Ur’JK17 8)+.994.$* ()’(&+%44*H7>?’ =#==H
j[Lc7:4-,&+%441; 9($’1-.,H7>?’ ,#!$H>TX5
jz15ko|\M+**O!M=7 %)+(’$,*
$12$*H’ko|*,aG"- >?! +!#=->|O!M
=jGH1’ko|*,aG"- >?61’ "<#=Q
j ",#RR\RSP*.aXA&gy $,$!S15!
1N7 8)+,;* /1&.$2*H7>? ’ "$#<"Hc|]:7 >? ’
"$#+=Hj|Z^O7=->.4+*$?,* 1-,@1>*H7>?’ <#+RH
d’ko|>TX5!12:c;Z;^cP)1
7#4.,/’()*4%A ;(-’*-1;Hd’ko|*,aG"- >?
’ ,#$ S -#,>z15!QRZUS7 B$;(/,*
/.;,)*/’$*’* E T 4,’)+,,9(4,*H’ko|*,aG"- >?
@S "+#$*pO ! n|,aG"- >? )@S ,#$U8*|]:j12:;‘6[RS|S0!"$ 0145[
7# " +!gz*.aXA& $,$+ Q‘[&
$,$"0,*T|0[RSP*.aXA& $,$! Q
‘[& $,$" 0,*T|0Cf\T|,*bQ;
\0.YT^,iT*T|,*0C-f*;M].
aXA& $,$+ j‘[& $,$" -,**Ode0T
|0*.YT^\.\RSP*.aXA& $,$!Q
‘[& $,$"0T|,*0C!*;M]gy0T|
5}\!*.YT^8d# " !n;\30T|,*0C
U5VT " .5&5:07 DW6%56D 1;&X67 0&21V F/766 %2&&;15F56D
# + !n&53T|,*0C
U5VT + .5&5:07 DW6%56D 1;&X67 0&21V F/766 :0L67D
7# +gz*‘[& $,$"0 !n&53,*|
_[).*!TX5jz153/;*~M|53]
O\)0X|5}\.aXA& $,$+ 53|_,
*[))\.*!S15QTX53/;*T|5}
)\)\$,$!lNO|RSP*.aXA*~Qy
;\&z50|_OR*8]z15QS15cz1
5QTX5,*[),a\0!"! 0167!89/[:;<=!
IJL!Ode0T|0j\.0T|fg
b*!}AB0IJL9?"-#, %&0rD&j‘
=" & ’ ( ) R,"
# ! !n&50SQ]^
"#$% ! &’(#)#(*+, (-’.#/0 12 /34-- ,+0-4.
[&S15T| 53+’’1’67#-’-4fgbX061’
89:; < 89== Q :9=> < ?9;>7^#_*@AA=H\7~ !
+!gz*‘[& B:B@ 0 ! n&50T|0Cj
53+’’1’67#-’-4fgbX0 !C]@SUc ;n_~
0;\7B:B;j B:B!H\‘[& B:B@ S157!=9:
DEHT| 53+’’1’67#-’-4fgbX0!I ?9@@*.a
XA& B:B; ’ :9>=*RSP*.aXA B:B! ’
89==*61!I‘[& B:B@0T|fgb0 A?Fj
=>F\-RSP*.aXA& B:B! 0TX5jz
150 53+’’1’67#-’-4 fgb@Sy.aXA&
B:B;*7p{op$
#$%&! ’($%)*)(+ $,$*+-)- ./ (0122 *$+21- ./ (0122 3*.(-
5
G+0-4
gy
H,1/
?w_~
I0J- 12 D*4)-.
,i[0 K144-,+/#1’
12 D1-22#D#-’/.
BAYLCAY
MN.D#..+L14(#’+/-
B:B@ " O ;9B! P @B Q 8 #! Q 89;A P @B Q ; #; R !9@! # R @89A= B9AA8 8 ;=98L=;9?
S15 M4N14 ,+0-4 B:B; " O ;9;8 P @B Q 8 #! Q 89?@ P @B Q ; #; R !9;> # R @@9?; B9AA8 A ;=9AL=;9@
B:B! " O ;9B? P @B Q 8 #! Q 89!= P @B Q ; #; R !9;? # R ?9AA B9AA: > ;A9:L=B9:
B:B@ " O ;9;A P @B Q 8 #! Q 89=; P @B Q ; #; R !9!@ # R @:98B B9AA@ ! ;?9;L=!9>
TX5 S1*’$ /4-- ,+0-4 B:B; " O @9:> P @B Q 8 #! Q !9!= P @B Q ; #; R ;9?; # R @A9@A B9AA@ B ;A9@L=B9A
B:B! " O ;9;! P @B Q 8 #! Q 89?A P @B Q ; #; R !98@ # R >9@8 B9AA? ? ;>9@L=@9A
B:B@ " O ;9@> P @B Q 8 #! Q 89?8 P @B Q ; #; R !9!: # R @!98= B9AA! = ;?98L=!9?
z15 T’(-4U11( ,+0-4 B:B; " O @9=B P @B Q 8 #! Q !9>B P @B Q ; #; R ;9A> # R @!9=> B9AA! A ;>9!L=@9=
B:B! " O @9A; P @B Q 8 #! Q 89;@ P @B Q ; #; R !9;? # R ?9@! B9AA= > ;A9:L=B9:
B:B@ " O ;9?8 P @B Q 8 #! Q :98; P @B Q ; #; R !9=B # R @;9?B B9AA@ ! ;89AL=:9@
bOSQ I1/+, #’(#)#(*+,. B:B; " O @9A: P @B Q 8 #! Q 89!: P @B Q ; #; R !9!! # R A9;8 B9AA? 8 ;=9=L=;9!
B:B! " O ;9@; P @B Q 8 #! Q 89?> P @B Q ; #; R !9:: # R ;9?@ B9AA> A ;>9>L=@9;
;\L0 !n&530 53+’’1’67#-’-4T|f
gb)kl$k=B:B@~j’S15 VTX5 Vz
15>B:B;~j’S15 VTX5"z15>B:B!
~j’TX5 Vz15 VS15\~MNO|wU
8Lfrc7gF0S150T|fgb*-gj
t&zSa0T|fgb7# ! +!gz*! n;\0 ! n&50SQ
]^]! B:B!/;*B:B;X8*B:B@/0\RSP
*XA& B:B!&Lf/DSQ*+{jtyUSQ
F " 0167!89/[=G:CD!=G
#$%&" ’324)2- $%5,6$,42E/*.1)-()4 6)721-)(+ ),628
$,6 272,,2-- ),628
gy
H,1/
5
G+0-4
T|d
e^
5J-D#-.
+N*’(+’D-
fgbX0
53+’’1’6
7#-’-4
(#)-4.#/0
#’(-W
]^^
X0
X)-’’-..
#’(-WLF
S15 M4N14 ,+0-4 @:: ?9@@ >!9>:
B:B@
TX5 S1*’$ /4-- ,+0-4 @=! ?9B! >@9@:
z15 T’(-4U11( ,+0-4 @== :9?: =:9=;
bOSQ I1/+, #’(#)#(*+,. ;:! ?9@: ==9B!
S15 M4N14 ,+0-4 @@= :9>= >:9::
B:B;
TX5 S1*’$ /4-- ,+0-4 @;B 89=: ?>9=!
z15 T’(-4U11( ,+0-4 @:: 89== ?:9:8
bOSQ I1/+, #’(#)#(*+,. @AA :9;= ?A9B!
S15 M4N14 ,+0-4 := 89== >@9>:
B:B!
TX5 S1*’$ /4-- ,+0-4 @B@ :98? >;9BB
z15 T’(-4U11( ,+0-4 @B: :9@= ==9B>
bOSQ I1/+, #’(#)#(*+,. @;A :9?? >B9=!
]^\]‘[& B:B@ KLc7*SQ0C\bpqR’c7gV{;\LSQ]^0jt*-V.
YF30j
Q23,a<^[-7BAYLCAYH-qr, ;BL
>B*];\-bp\eoM7;BB;Hl Y% Z1(41’vp
o40+R9*qvy ;roT0R>?w}[}
~\-lWPQ0678*cjqv !roTf.
IX.0,i[07~ 8H*.I0?wXqr,%
<_‘7~ 8+!gz=lS15jz15*KLc7
0‘[& B:B@0|@60Q23,a<^[-]
=@! @# J :d=IJLCB#y?&’(XA&0;\eD
/qr, !"#$"*.aXA& "%"!bpbx0*]!
RSP*.aXA& "%"&/0\-lTX5*‘[
& "%"’#/bp*RSP*.aXA& "%"&X8*
!.aXA& "%"!/0\!9WS+i*RSP*
XAwxjty;\TX50bpbF ! ">/KBH"I’1FBJK&’LM
#$%&! ’()(*+,-(./ /0(.12 ,0(134/3+. +5 /6( 1+-3.$./ ,+,7*$/3+.2 3. /60(( ,*+/2
gy
()*+
ST
,-./0.1
,aG"- 23
4.)5+06. 07-*8+59+ 65):.
|;csWo
(*-:)5+0*9 ;.6.)*-7.9+ +8.9;1
GH1 !"#$%&$ ’(’)*+’)*+,+$*$ <=>$ j< 29/8.51.
cD7 -./0%(’#./# ’)*+,+$*$ &=$& j< 29/8.51.
EF9 1#""(%&$ )((2,.*#+&$ &=!& j< 29/8.51.
2QR 3,0),"*&4 %(0,+5** &="< j< 29/8.51.
YZ[ 6.*’#"/$*# 7&8*# !=$> j< 29/8.51.
\Z] -*++#4(4&4 .*5*7*$$*4&4 !=$! j< 29/8.51.
<^US 9.4($*# 8#"#+$#, !=%$ j< 29/8.51.
"%"’ ;Z;^ :*.(++*,.# $&8#,;"*$ !=%% bp ,+5?).
_‘U <*%)(’#.0&$ #4/57#"*=("*&$ 658 @ 0.#,’*0*%*(.&4 ’=A% j< 29/8.51.
abcd >/?/5*&4 )#+’,* ’=A< j< 29/8.51.
,De -/’"(8#"#+(0$*$ 0#%,""*=(.4*$ ’=$B bp ,+5?).
U <*%)(’#.0&$ =,+?,"*#+&$ ’=>% j< 29/8.51.
f‘1 @("/($4# ’#48(7*#+# ’=>< j< 29/8.51.
1N >’)*4# $&0,.8# ’=>< bpwVr ,+5?). *8 ;./)09.
.#cf <*A*$%(+# $#.*8&$ ’=>’ bp ,+5?).
M= @$/’)(%.*# .&8.# A=A< j< 29/8.51.
-9;I -#$%#+(0$*$ %(+2*+,+$*$ $=’> Vr C./)09.
GH1 !"#$%&$ ’(’)*+’)*+,+$*$ B=<& j< 29/8.51.
;Z;^ :*.(++*,.# $&8#,;"*$ &=!% j< 29/8.51.
"%"! JK1 >’),==",.# (’%(0)/""# &=’! bpwVr ,+5?). *8 ;./)09.
UI -#$%#+(0$*$ )/$%.*B !=$% Vr C./)09.
#gh >#0*&4 $,8*=,.&4 !=%> Vr C./)09.
ijk -#$%#+(0$*$ =*$$# !=[Lc C"+*0)/""&4 =(.%&+,* !=&< Vr C./)09.
2QR 3,0),"*&4 %(0,+5** !=!$ j< 29/8.51.
QRZUS 9.4($*# $,4*’#$%.#%# D @ "*%’)**=("*# %=BA j< 29/8.51.
|Z^O D+5,")#.7*# &+*E&5# %="% j< 29/8.51.
1N >’)*4# $&0,.8# <=>! bpwVr ,+5?). *8 ;./)09.
12: F#’./’#.0&$ *48.*’#%&$ <=’> bpwVr ,+5?). *8 ;./)09.
|]: F#’./7*&4 0*,..,* <=’% Vr C./)09.
P)1 -",*$%(’#"/B 4(+%#+&4 &=>’ j< 29/8.51.
;Z;^ :*.(++*,.# $&8#,;"*$ &=&B j< 29/8.51.
-Ml 1#’)*"&$ ’)*+,+$*$ &=&& j< 29/8.51.
ijk -#$%#+(0$*$ =*$$# &="B j< 29/8.51.
"%"& _a1 @,+%#0)/"#B ,&./(*7,$ !=>" j< 29/8.51.
0Zmn C.%(’#.0&$ $%/.#’*=("*&$ !=>" Vr C./)09.
M= @$/’)(%.*# .&8.# !=<" j< 29/8.51.
[)#r >/40"(’($ 0(*"#+,* !=!$ bpwVr ,+5?). *8 ;./)09.
-Z1 <#$*#+%)&$ ’)*+,+$*$ !=!% j< 29/8.51.
I= G#+%)(0)/""&4 )#*+#+,+$, !=’& j< 29/8.51.
st -#+#.*&4 #"8&4 !="& bpwVr ,+5?). *8 ;./)09.
"8! I’1FBJK&’
ko|;7,aG"- 23!’=%H0R!WX6
7+!vriP;\jl0OR*-3v;\cs
Wo7~ % +!gz*‘[& "%"’ 0 ’% nko|
;8GH1jcD7d ’
$’ & ’ ( ) <%"
‘[&|_"|;#{l’Pj
3,a<^[-)+!.I$<\]1N[GUb
|_*lkl^\.0‘[&8D<’R*8]zj
yVr_‘*)wg]|W&0DT)eb.aXA& !"!# 0 $! nko|;8*6\,
z150M=cGH1j;Z;^ %n|;~j’
j<*;M];\&z‘&XAR)>2QR
7!"#$"%&’( )*#"+,&&H~j’j<*]|’Zpb|
_*]|;0ko^lKrgfvjG\JK1j
ijk7-./).+*#/&/ 0&//.H’UbwGUb|_*l|
vXA8~j’bpwCbVr\;\8Vr|;
0C\f*-9;IcUI7-./).+*#/&/ $1/)2&3H’U
b|*#gh7 4.#&’( /"5&0"2’(Hj[Lc’GUb
|_*]V1 &n|;l;\8O\f0;?!S
Q*1mUb|;0CbVr;M;\N8XAI
{p{x*ZpbX|qCbx;sr\95S1
_"|_CbVrjz15ST0j
j’VrWo*|]:[*#RS|S0*lS15
HOkoyn>1Nj12:d (n|;~j’b
pwVrWo*1 (n|f’Ub>1m|_0V
rq’&z0MST0D
bj
e^jT|fgbF0*1A+fQMTWX#Z
YCDc|Ezl!Oi>]NO|Ur87fr
{|0c7g+{F0;\0T|0CmUfg
b*rR4mT|l~‘/?}Z7)*+,-*$."&H\8
x*NO|XA&0.YF3cXAo6j|v0c
7T^Qpy;\jO0T|ORmT|fgb!"!#gylNO|.aXA*.YF3&$ /VKLR’c7*~j’\.0S15T|
01/2232456,2,-fgbX0 78*7|_ORcWXj
DTfgbrg*NCbt‘[&$r*-TX5j
z150T|6\}O‘[&]^c;\0.^j
9?Q‘[&eO\M+0$k!"!%RSP*.aXA0.YF3’ #" /*S
15T| 01/2232456,2,- fgbX0)\.*QK
M0(_PQ(),?77/-9,:;< ") .% =*#!!#H\-
TX5jz150 01/2232456,2,-fgbX0M+
.,S15*+iz];\0&z5ST.Y\)*
!O\de0T|5}\SQR]]^l %n;8/;*|3wnZ3kl\~|0!"\8’
!"!%gylXAF#ZR’:;yCB#y?&
0Q)8|#T|12:j|]:*c7|0kl
kJb,a\.*’<#a#]D
kV37>/21/? ") .% =*$.’">>3++62: ") .% =*$.."H*u
UklDE[ZcDyG;Q+*)yuyO@,
T|fgbjt0klop70!&d*$.’%H:;Q)8|#T|rXECY;\juCX
AF31|RSP*.aXAo6a$&T|OR
mUfgb0.Y[OF07~7D*#!!$>2’(
d*#!!#>2)Ud*#!!%>T*d*#!!&H*O+,t
,Sa.Y*T\8^c7wxQ’>O?PO@
,!"|cO@,Zc7|08^c7cDF*;
\T|de^gf!I/.7)*+,-*$."&H\CBj
8CBy/0PQ)~M8dC}0c7O+,y
.CB?&DTfgb7@16++6A: ") .% =*$..&H\W
PQWS~M*!"!% gy0TX5jz15
01/2232456,2,-fgbX0 88c]^^X0 9cSQ
]^j;\bpbdXY];, !"!# gy>;0csWo67)~M*#RS:;{m|_*O
@,;\*#!Ub|_’ko|I|#!Zp|
_’ko|0Q)*n}0RSP*XAG^+!
P*&zSa0.YXA\8x*lqO|CB$
&.YST8*O""n^jt0Mi)|;w0
RJ!;\0_"ef;ST7B*C6/- ") .% =*$..(H*
LSRSP*XAo6P*$&.YXA\*a]
-zW&-’faq+{yjt;\T|0CcT
|fgbwbpb*-[yuyO@,T|fgb
jt0klop*P*y&zST0D
ozn*^ #_*/ 0*d = #!!&D V9&IJL#y?&0;\W
XcT|fgb!ml‘>?&80yn = DTfgb*$#7$H=
#. E &%=
^ 0*^ #_*e_1*d = $.’(D V9&IJLy/CBSaD)
[a0PQ = STD))QyST)).*$!7#H=.! E $!" =
mOn*23X = $..$D 8KV9&IJLCB&D)[3 = &’=
()z()*#. E =
^#_*$GJ*&|F*d = #!!#D 8KV9&CB$&mUDTf
gb’1PQ = &’=8K&’z()*&F E "$=
^#_*o U*’ [*d = #!!(D V9IJLK>!’1/I‘&
DEQS15;\)eD = &’()*$H=$ E (=
.$! $# J :d=IJLCB#y?&’(XA&0;\eD
^#_ ! "##$% V9&IJLCB#y?&0;\WXeD ! CB
8CBST).*&7"H="’ ( )*!
0!&*2J; ! "#’+% 4?#$&;\67 , ! T|fgb ! D)(
)*)="" ( "$!
2J;**‘e*0!&*d ! "##*% ST;\)%$w5 ! KL=K
:.dDEz()*"+ ( "-+ !
2’(*6‘{R**V7 ! )--)% $&Sa.Y0wxj%&=v
0MX|G^?y$&???89$&G^4gh ! STD))
.*)*7jCH="++ ( "+# !
2)U*x*; ! )--+% :8r|RS&D)[3.Yf4PQ ! 4
vD)).*".7#H=".+# ( "..&!
T **: =*] V*d ! )--.% 8.#oZ&RS.YST8T
|fgbQ+ !4vD)).*"&7’H="+-" ( "+-*!
~7D ! )--"% ’(R’c7G^aP;&S15ORjT|fg
b0HI ! &’()*+$7/0!"H="-* ( ""-!
*‘e*lMK*mOn ! )--"% V9&<2L’(CB$&_~0
| (nZi[ ! STD)).*)&7+H=)#" ( )#$!
lMK*R%=*^ 3z*d ! )--&% .a&DTfgb’EQ.Y !
&’=8K():Bz()*+.+ ( +*.!
lMK*c*"*mOn ! )--"% V9&<2LCB#y?&;\W
XmX|fgbeD0PQ ! STD)).*)&7+H=)$- ( )$&!
lMK**‘e*:i>*d ! "###% V9<2LCB#y?&&pX
AC$0PQ ! D)).*"#7)H="&" ( "&’!
eoM ! )---% $&;\bpbPQo4FH ! &’()*+*7&H=)’
( +)!
123456 7 8*9563:;<6 = 7*>5;5 ? @*!" #$ ! "##*% @AAF5E2:/ 4E 0;5EC G3EAC4
J3EK:6 L @*L:A;:6AK M*J65NG<6N = O* !" #$ ! )--&% >0:A4:/ ;/ 5EN
5P
"-+"!
O5EF5D O L*756K/ 9 R! "#’&% SF: 6:/0
:A<;<2B
O<;;4E/ > R*V;:EE > 7*V4P/
@2;:6 M @! "#&.% I:2:C5C4
V
X56N:/CB J L*956K:6 I S! )--)% O
9F4;;40/ ? R*X5;; 9*V:EC6B 1 X* !" #$ ! "##.% LBE5D4A 5EN /0:A4:/
64AFE://
>ZEAF:[ ?*,/;:P: V 1! )--)% S6<04A5; G<6:/C A
J4
-) & ’ ( ) .&"