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Effect of Grazing Intensity on Population Characteristics and Community Diversity of Seriphidium transiliense

放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿种群特征及其群落多样性的影响



全 文 :!24" !1#
 Vol.24  No.1
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2016$  1%
  Jan.  2016
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2016.01.003
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:S812.81    ABCDE:A     AFG@:10070435(2016)01002207
犈犳犳犲犮狋狅犳犌狉犪狕犻狀犵犐狀狋犲狀狊犻狋狔狅狀犘狅狆狌犾犪狋犻狅狀犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊犪狀犱犆狅犿犿狌狀犻狋狔
犇犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔狅犳犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲
DONGYiqiang,SUNZongjiu,ANShazhou,XUNQilei
(DepartmentofPrataculturalandEnvironmentalScience,XinjiangAgricultureUniversity,XinjiangKey
LaboratoryofGrasslandResourcesandEcology,Urumqi,Xinjiang830052,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Inordertoexploretheeffectofgrazingintensityon犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲desertgrassland,
thepopulationcharacteristicsandcommunitydiversityof犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲underdifferentgrazingintensities
werestudiedbythefieldsurveysandlaboratoryanalysisfrom2012to2014inAshilicountry,ChangjiCit
y.Theresultsshowedthattheheight,coverageandbiomassof犛.狋狉犪狀siliense,Comparedwithnograz
ing,weredecreasedwithincreasinggrazingintensity,anddecreasedby73.7%~90.9%,34.8%~
95.9%,67.9%~98.1%,respectively.Thedensityof犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲exhibitedasinglepeakcurvewith
increasinggrazingintensity,andlightgrazingreachedthepeak,63.4% morethanthedensityofnograz
ing.Diversityindexandevennessindexofcommunitiesappearedagradualyincreasingtrendandspecies
richnessindexshowedthetrendofincreasedecreaseincreasewithincreasinggrazingintensity.Itindicates
that犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲populationsgradualybecomedwarfanddegradationwithincreasinggrazingintensity
andmoderategrazingisbeneficialtomaintainthestabilityofcommunitystructure.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲;Grazingintensity;Populationcharacteristics;Communitydiversity
HIJK
:20141209;LMJK:20150328
NOPQ

¬¶·®¸´µ
(31160477)“Å
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ëì–
(1989),—,íîYÉ,šË/09,Ì«ÍÎ-_“”9\/0,Email:1226977319@qq.com;<Ôc™Author
forcorrespondence,Email:xjasz@126.com
  ßàáâ(犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲)ÚßGQ
‰9ˆïD

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Table1 Characteristicsofcommunitystructureandgrazingintensityunderdifferentgrazinggradient
>?–A
Grazingintensity
HIGä’
Dominantspecies
-_ÓÖ
Grasslandarea/hm2
>?HÊvë
Grazingquantity
offinewoolsheep
>?–A
Grazingintensity
/sheep·hm-2

CK
ßàáâ+6f7
犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲+犆.犪狉犲狀犪狉犻狌狊
15 0 0
i?
LG
ßàáâ+6f7+<Ê0
犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲+犆.犪狉犲狀犪狉犻狌狊+犘.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮犪
51.7 32 0.62
&?
MG
ßàáâ+6f7+D_L
犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲+犆.犪狉犲狀犪狉犻狌狊+犓.狆狉狅狊狋狉犪狋犪
52.7 50 0.95
•?
HG
ßàáâ+6f7+6fÊ=
犛.狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲+犆.犪狉犲狀犪狉犻狌狊+狅狉狋犺狅犮犲狉犪狊
30.8 89 2.89
1.3 ²³ÞßfXY
1.3.1 Z[\] 2012-2014$5%&K,LB
CŽ\‘¾eJ/Ô¯Ãc

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)。
é2

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µÃâ
OÃÄA

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TKGëµ

=KGÇ_ÓPÉ:Ò2JKT_S
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S•Ën_S9K`

¼•
)。
32
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1.3.2 ^_`]aEbc OPsA、ÄA、†A、
9K`TëÏcnα:»ë[1011]TÃA»F。
•«
(犐犞)=(ˆDsA+ˆDÄA+ˆD†
A+ˆD9K`)/4
PatrickëìA»ë(犘);
ShannonWiener:»ë(犎);
Pielou©QA»ë(犈);
â&
,犛n:_cKGë;犐犞 n:_ÜKGc
•«
;犐犞犻 n!犻MKG•«;犘犻 n犐犞犻/犛T


Ë:_&!犻MKGTˆD•«。
1.4 lm>r
Ïd SPSS17.0 ëÏ^²ÕÖT oneway
ANOVAD@ß$A6@>?–A%ßàáâG
O|OP:\‘غ=•

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ßàáâGO|OP:TcNغ=•

Ô
dExcel2003\‘ëÏSÓù6ëgc,efj
©±FÏØTñâg˜。
2 pqW>r
2.1 %&$×ØÙÚe-l1hi2|u
Då„>?3$TßàáâGOsA、ÄA、
†A|9K`T|Ãef~ë11˜。Àì>?
–ATíî

ßàáâGOsA

ÄA|9K`®
»„€óI

n†A„jês_€óI


D҈¸

õ2014$iA>?œJ/ÄAöOP
h…<ðe

>?_ßàáâGOsA

ÄA

9
K`©…†€
(犘<0.05),ì=¾n73.7%
~90.9%,34.8%~95.9%,67.9%~98.1%(ë
1A、ë1B、ë1D);iA>?œßàáâGO†
Aíî

íìYé63.4%,ò2013$、2014$©
íîh…

•A>?(„€óI

ò2014$
€…†

n&A>?(öOPh…<ð

ë1C)。
20122013$,iA>?、&A>?、•A>?%ß
àáâGOTsA

ÄA

†A|9K`Ø
º

n2014$ÄA、†A|9K`(gPO…†
غ

òiA>?…†sé•A>?

=1 %&ր$×ØÙÚe-hi2|u
Fig.1 Effectofgrazingintensityonpopulationcharacteristicsof犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲
ü

6@;Çg˜@ß$26@>?–A%غ…†
(犘<0.05),œ@
Note:Differentlowercaselettersinthesameyearmeansignificantdifferencesatthe0.05level,thesameasbelow
  cNçT(g2),6@>?–A%ßàáâG
OsA

ÄA

†A|9K`T<ðÜ$A<ð

ë1)®»ß#,DҎGOsA、ÄA|9K`Ý
Y

…†sé•A>?Óù

niA>?6&A>?
(éñ™ã%

GO†AÀ>?–ATíî„j
ês_€óI

$A%ßàáâGOTsA

Ä
A

†A

9K`<ðìAtY

<º]ëÿ“n
89.6%~113.2%,58.4%~111.2%,83.5%~
95.0%690.8%~146.5%,òÀÒØ=•,sA、
ÄA

†Aغ…†
(犘<0.05),I9K`غ6…
42
!1# ëì–?:>?–ADßàáâGO8|‘OP:TUV
†

NPO$A%QpÍÖTغ

|6@Š‹ ÍÖDßàáâGO8·J6@ÄATUV

`2 %&րwb€$×ØÙÚe-hi2àt|u
Table2 Effectofgrazingintensityandyearonpopulationcharacteristicsof犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲
»FIndex
>?–AGrazingintensity $AYear
CK LG MG HG 2012$ 2013$ 2014$
sA Height/cm 37.54±13.94a 6.84±1.77b 7.24±3.58b 4.13±1.37b 10.97±3.53b 19.23±6.27a 13.29±3.59b
ÄACoverage/cm 46.81±11.08a 30.13±24.77b 16.15±12.69c 2.38±0.71d 20.17±6.23b 16.75±5.38b 38.33±6.75a
†ADensity/r·m-2 35.89±40.78b 69.33±50.37a 30.79±21.62bc 2.67±1.28c 36.23±9.56ab 13.87±3.80b 58.61±16.54a
9K`Biomass/g·m-2 325.24±88.00a 63.42±26.19b 47.46±27.86bc 7.36±2.33c 129.78±45.33a117.95±49.89a109.08±29.84a
  ü:@‘6@uU;Çg˜6@>?–A$$V%غ…†(犘<0.05),œ@
Note:Differentlowercaseletterswithinthesamerowmeansignificantdifferencesatthe0.05levelamongdifferentgrazingintensityor
year,thesameasbelow
2.2 %&$×ØÙÚáâŒ/-.adÏ2|u
å„>?3$ßàáâãä-_OP:»
ë=•ef~ë21˜。Ü$Aœ>?D-OShan
nonwiener»ë、Pielou»ë6Patrick»ëTUVÆ
6ß#
。2012$Shannonwiener»ë、Pielou»ë6
Patrick»ëÀì>?–AíîgPOíîóI,=¾
¸DÒíî363.6%~744.7%,164.4%~308.4%,
160.0%~290.0%,ò•A>?…†séDҎ(犘<
0.05);n2014$Ü>?–A%غ6…†。2013
$

D҈¸

>?_-OShannonwiener»ë、
Pielou»ë6Patrick»ë©OPíî,íìÿ“n
95.5%~142.0%,40.0%~87.2%,55.6%~94.5%;
òÀ>?–Aíî
,Shannonwiener»ë„Píîó
I

•A>?…†séDÒ

ë2A);Pielou»ë„j
íî_€UíîóI

ò•A>?…†séDÒ

ë2B);Patrick»ë„jês_€óI,ò>?
…†séDÒ

ÆL&A>?WdÝs

ë2C)。
2012$iA>?、&A>?、•A>?%õShannon
wiener»ëeShannonwiener»ë、Pielou»ë6
Patrick»ë©ï…†Øº。
=2 %&ր$×ØÙڌ/-.adÏ2|u
Fig.2 Effectofgrazingintensityoncommunitydiversityof犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲
  cNçT,À>?–ATíî,ßàáâãä-
_OPTShannonwiener»ë、Pielou»ë6qí
Y
,Patrick»ë„jíY_€UíYóI,ò>?
_1J»ë©…†séDÒ
(犘<0.05)。$A%ßà
áâãä-_OPTShannonwiener»ë、Pielou»
ë
、Patrick»ë<ðìA©tY,<º]ëÿ“n
11.4%~77.7%,24.6%~37.5%,15.5%~48.1%,
òÀÒØ=•
,Shannonwiener»ë、Pielou»ë、
Patrick»ëغ…†(犘<0.05),NPO$A%Qp
ÍÖTغDOP:ÞJtYUV

52
! " # $ !24"
`3 %&րwbã$×ØÙڌ/-.adÏ2|u
Table3 Effectofgrazingintensityandyearonpopulationcharacteristicsof犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲
»FIndex
>?–AGrazingintensity $AYear
CK LG MG HG 2012$ 2013$ 2014$
Shannonwiener 0.59±0.35b 1.01±0.74a 1.18±0.67a 1.34±1.17a 0.82±0.18b 1.85±0.23a 0.44±0.01c
Pielou 0.39±0.17c 0.56±0.32b 0.61±0.31ab 0.73±0.48a 0.68±0.08b 0.83±0.08a 0.21±0.02c
Patrick 5.22±2.91b 8.38±2.56a 8.11±3.33a 8.38±2.00a 4.10±0.62b 9.25±0.75a 8.50±0.38b
2.3 %&րWe-hif-.adÏ29>r
>?–AÜ»F%Tˆ‰=•~g41
˜

ˆ‰=•gh

>?–AßàáâsA

ÄA

†A

9K`%„…†Wˆ‰

Shannonwiener
»ë„…†‡ˆ‰
(犘<0.05),ËÀì>?–AT
íî

ßàáâsA

ÄA

9K`„€óI

ø·
iA>?œGO†AJíîóI

IWNSE„œ
óI

OP Shannonwiener»ë„íîóI,
Pielou»ë、Patrick»ëÀ>?–ATíî„ß©
TíîóI

Iغ

`4 %&րW×ØÙÚe-hifadϹl29>r
Table4 Correlationanalysisbetweengrazingintensity,quantitativecharacteristicsanddiversity
indexof犛犲狉犻狆犺犻犱犻狌犿狋狉犪狀狊犻犾犻犲狀狊犲
»F
Index
sA
Height
ÄA
Coverage
†A
Density
9K`
Biomass
H E P
>?–A
Grazingintensity
-0.59 -0.69 -0.40 -0.67 0.37 0.33 0.29
  ü:g˜…†ˆ‰(犘<0.05),g˜ú…†ˆ‰(犘<0.01)
Note: meansignificantcorrelationatthe0.05level, meansignificantcorrelationatthe0.01level
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