免费文献传递   相关文献

DairyMod Validation and Application for Lolium multiflorum Production in Sichuan Plain

DairyMod在四川盆地多花黑麦草生产中的验证与应用



全 文 :!23" !5#
 Vol.23  No.5
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  9%
  Sep.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.05.028
犇犪犻狉狔犕狅犱û.ab¬†<Äz(bs90š_Y¸Æ
è×x
1,
)X
1,
)Z 
2,
IÅ¡
1,
è <
1,HannawayB.David3
(1._}()*+Q9°•+0,_} á[611130;2.+¬()*+Nñ˜™],4¥100094;
3.¨¬ÀÄ<2„*+Å98ËÌ+0,ÀÄ<2 °‘*m97331)
EFGH
:20150309;IJGH:20150614
KLMN

¬­A?,Nú ) • – \ A
(CARS3505);+ ¬ . / 0 C * è é ² ³ (2012ZD71);¬ ­ ° • É Ê Á Ø ² ³
(2011BAD17B03)´ µ
OPQR

f‰$
(1990),Ë,‚œc´=µR»,¼½,˜™NLG,Núëé:éQ†Nñê¢,Email:yxm2008bj@126.com;Ç
vÅÆAuthorforcorrespondence,Email:zhangxq@sicau.edu.cn;zhangyj@cau.edu.cn
45

ˆHDairyModéQBl%=â,ž¥ÜÇéÂK‹oXdN(犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)B:u¶5、ÜN`
úë;ié:=VP

•êl,N=<:T#=R(:XšpB‡Ã‚

B¥Éñð_°jè1991-2012$ð
_p½ÅGÃQé:

LJЧ_}2Û7$=XÛ4$‹oXdNB:úp½,¾¥‹eÀÁ«¬KÜN`
úëBé:;iIV

«ñB:u¶5é:õ8=jõ‡TŠX

Ü9ù`úëé:õ8=<õ—rƒ@

k
Ap犚2 zÆG0.97=0.91,犇 õzÆG0.94=0.58,犚犕犛犈zÆG340=1132kg·hm-2;犖犚犕犛犈zÆG
2.3%=7.5%。é:L–õÈ=jL–õzÆì2.0%=4.5%,úëBìÞ|â5ë¦é:!Çë*¦:ú!
ÇëˆNX

lmPJ

‹oXdN•XÛB:u¶5=`úë*¦•Û

—»ÌBDairyModK_}‹oXd
NBîà:ú=`ú덚ïBé:=Cj

678
:DairyMod;úëé:;:u¶5;` úë;‹oXdN;BîQ
9:;<=
:S543.6    >?@AB:A     >CD=:10070435(2015)05108607
犇犪犻狉狔犕狅犱犞犪犾犻犱犪狋犻狅狀犪狀犱犃狆狆犾犻犮犪狋犻狅狀犳狅狉犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿
犘狉狅犱狌犮狋犻狅狀犻狀犛犻犮犺狌犪狀犘犾犪犻狀
YANGXiumei1,ZHANGXinquan1,ZHANGYingjun2,
SunFeida1,YANGChunhua1 ,HanawayB.David3
(1.DepartmentofAnimalSciences,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu,SichuanProvince611130,China;
2.InstituteofGrasslandSciences,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100094,China;
3.DepartmentofCrop&SoilScience,OregonStateUniversity,Corvalis,OS97331,USA)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:DairyMod,biophysicalpasturesimulationmodel,iscomposedofnumerousmoduleswithacom
monunderlyingstructure.Themowingpatternswereintroducedandusedtosimulatethegrowthrateof
annualryegrass(犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)andevaluatetotalyieldinthegrowthseason.Thedefaultparame
tersetsofthemodelwerecolectedincludingpasturespecies,soilwatercharacteristics,soilorganicmatter
andnutrientcharacteristics,andlivestock.Localmeteorologicalclimatedatafrom1991to2012wereused
torunthemodel.Thetrialdataofannualryegrass(犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)werecolectedinYaan(7
years)andHongya(4years)experimentalstations,usedtovalidatethesimulationresultsinSichuan
provinceincludinggrowthspeedandtotaldrymatteryieldingrowthseason.Theresultsshowedthatthe
simulatinggrowthrateofthemodelwasconsistentwiththemeasuredvaluesinbothYaanandHongyasta
tion,modeleddrymatterproductionmatchedwelwiththeobservedones(犚2=0.97,D=0.94,犚犕犚犈=
340kg·hm-2,犖犚犕犚犈=2.3%atYaanand犚2=0.91,D=0.58,犚犕犚犈=1132kg·hm-2,犖犚犕犚犈=
4.5% atHongya,respectively).AnnualryegrasshadhigherpotentialproductioninHongyathanin
Yaan.Thoughtherewasaslightoverestimationaccordingtothesummaryofmodelclimatedata,itcould
beusedasaneffectivetoolofherbageyieldpredictioninforageandlivestocksystem.Therefore,Dairy
Modcanaccuratelysimulatetheannualryegrassgrowthrateandyield.Itwilprovideanimportanttech
niqueforforagequantitativeevaluation.
!5# f‰$!:DairyMod•_}Éñ‹oXdN:ú+BVP8ž¥
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:DairyMod;Forageproductionsimulation;Growthrate;Totalproduction;Annualryegrass;
Coolseasonforage
  _}ÉñK9´†$%,ñ€8ðñ‘MN,
,N•3ñ݌CìB:úç
[1]。
ë¦,N:u
@T=úë€á‡/Eðñ

ËÌ



,N:X
Rg=õ“X=*¥NÂ!b‹EFB67

Ñ
ÕNñ():AÀmnMN

¥õ“UVBNÓ
¦Ð÷EF;ié@˜™

FDy©*ëB““=
Ëç

d–,Nȶ•–=Á.›é:•–B@
k

}†Nñ()=­¸,–BFê

ÑÕ,Né:
éQ©./ž¥¦úëCj=NñX

C¤·

!
$
[2]
!b‹N/

,NúëCjéQ5¥…këñ
¾s,N:u

@T=úë€áQ†Ò8FŽE
7žBé@Á.›é:/º

5,N:X:+
8Á.›°+ö÷BZF˜™@Ü

q5É0,N
:ú瘙B9:
[3]。
¬s,N:uéQꆦ
20_¤80$?,ëÅGS,¬<‚©ðáBéQ
ALMANAC,CATIMO,GrazeGro,LINGRA !;
¬‚,NúëCjéQB˜™êΦì[’!B<
U:úB()ðñéQALFAMOD。#$…,0¬
°+­K,N:úBé:ž¥8U@§+¦-o<
UB±@Å¥8úëCj
[48],
ˆKé@ÉT°=h
°,Nú:Bé:éQ˜™8ž¥Ÿ¾w‡


K¬sá$B,Né:éQ•WXðñ=Ë̐‘
š;iVP8ž¥lrzjD

DairyMod[910]G©**н;BNñ:99
Xé:éQ

./ž¥¦©**Ð=Z3 !ñ
B,–:ú+
。Chapman![11]é:H‹$:Xd
N¿1961-2000$Búën<,˜™ÃµkH‹
$:XdNB:Xšp
。Johnson![12]LJ”œ
ÜÇBNÂ

zÆé:H©**Ð=Z3 ‹$
:XdN=êÙ©B:u¶5

xÕHèVBi
m
。Berger![13]é:HìRp•WXîà、WX
!$=¤·ã!š:u¶5=úën<

PJé
Q•WXBõ“Xã!šŒš›Bížg

3éQl@Nñ=­O:úÃH*ëBé:˜
™
[1415]。
³0
,DairyModéQ©(VPH‹Y,
NB:Xšp
[16]。
T˜B¥DairyModBÜÇé:éÂ,p¥é
QΏŠ$:XdNB:Xšp

K3ñÝ».
Nñ./Y8B‹oXdN
[17]
;ié:˜™

Œ
x3Á!ÝÛ=ÚÜLÞÝXÛG˜™ÝÜ

Чp½

é:8VP,N:u¶5=:uî`ú
ë

l@Éñð_p½

z{«ñ,N:úÝç

I
‹éQížg=ž¥0b

1 STaUV
1.1 DairyMod×oQR
DairyModéQé: “ðñ—ËÌ—,N—­
O

X

Bé@Nñ­O:AÀ

}cG““Œ
u

àá銍,N:uéŠ

KzéŠ

Ë̍›
ù=ÇQéŠ

Q9:úéŠ

,–XéŠ
(ht
tp://imj.com.au/dairymod)。Ò+,N:uEÅ
±



*ð+Û#<Æܨ}†ËÌKz

âz
!FŽ‘B67

úëB€á5LJÁ.Ùæ=
©®±@Å¥

:u´Ï=I´ÏÅ¥

ÇFáâ
ÏÐ=Kz*¥…=AB

?ªÂ
(1-12)[9]。
1.1.1 Ø¢£>m?@’ Ùæ`±@ë5LJ
1©®±@Å¥×ÂzˆÕ

ªÂ1,2);(à)*
•f\+BN*5¼½BeerªÂ.Õ(?ªÂ3),
æ(à)*zGÓA)*
(犐犾,狊)=C*)*
(犐犾,犱 )(ªÂ4):
犘犵,犱犪狔 =0.012×10-6∫
τ

犘犵犱狋 (1)
Â+
:狋G““,œYG(s);τ(s)5êc}ìG
œY
;犘犵 G©æ±@¶5。
犘犵 =∫


犘犾(犐犾,狊)犲-犽犾犱犾+∫


犘犾(犐犾,犱)(1-犲-犽犾)犱犾
(2)
犐(犾)=犐0犲-犽犾 (3)
犐犾 =犐犾,狊+犐犾,犱 (4)
Â+
:犘犾Gœe©®B±@¶5;犐犾,狊GÙæ©
®±ÏÐ5
;犐犾,犱 GÙæ©®±C*5;犽G›±A
p
;犔G©/«p。
犘犾= 12ξ
α犐犾+犘犿- 犪犐犾+犘( )犿 2-4ξ犪犐犾犘{ }犿
1/[ ]2
(5)
Â+
:犘犿 Gç=±›¨šœe©®B±@Å
¥¶5
;αG©®±@5;ξGK5šp;犐犾 G©®
f\±AEë

犘犿 =犘犿,狉犲犳 犮()犮犳犘犿,犜犆(犜,犆)犳犘犿,犖(犳犖) (6)
 +
:犳犮()犮 G Û # < Æ  ; N / Â;
犳犘犿,犜犆(犜,犆)G_¨=Û#<Æl@B;N/
7801
! " # $ !23"
Â
;犳犘犿,犖(犳犖)Gǝ;N/Â;犘犿,狉犲犳 G犘犿 Bš


3ªÂl@HË̱@±7Çë
(犘犘犉)、_
¨

©®ÇÌë

*ð+BÛ#<Æܨ=`©/Â
«pK±@Å¥B67

KzL¼B¥FAOú
BPenmanMonteithªÂÁ.š>,NóCë[9]。
1.1.2 ¤¥?@ éQ+´ÏÅ¥BÁ.B¥‡
ùL¼NÓ

¦´ÏÅ¥zGIü´Ï
(犚m)=:u
´Ï
(犚g),Ã>—H_¨=Ç$B67,‡TªÂ:
犚犿,犱犪狔 =犿狉犲犳 犿(犜)犳犖犳犖,狉犲犳
犠 (7)
Â+
:犳犿(T)5_¨7ž©p,犠(kgC·m-2)
5ñ‚¤zB:9ë
,犳犖[kgN·(kgC)-1]5Ùæ
+BÇÌëN/Â
,犳犖,狉犲犳5Nš>ܨ。犿狉犲犳GI
üAp

ívõG0.025d-1。
犳犿(犜)= 犜-犜犿,犿狀犜狉犲犳 -犜犿,犿狀
(8)
Â+
:C3:犜犿狀=3℃;C4:犜犿狀=12℃;犜G_¨。
:u´Ï犚犵 BÁ.ªÂ:
犚犵 =
1-犢( )犢 犌 (9)
Â+
:犢 G()ñui5;犌(kgC·m-2·d-1)
Gñuë

1.1.3 ¥`¦§¨•©’ 犚犖 GÏÐǛyBâ
ë

Á.ªÂ

犚犖,狌狆 =λ犖,狌狆犖狌狆     犚犖,狌狆 =λ犖,犳犻狓犖犳犻狓
(10)
mh°
:犚犖 =犚犖,狌狆 ;h°:犚犖 =犚犖,狌狆 +犚犖,犳犻狓
(11)
Â+
:犖狌狆(kgN·m-2)G+ N ÏÐë;犖犳犻狓
(kgN·m-2)G+N0kë;λ犖,狌狆GNÏдÏA
p
,λN,fixGN0k´ÏAp。
1.1.4 ª«¬>m?@" ±@Å¥5!X¦Æ
0kë

ÒÁ.ªÂ

犌=犘犵,犱犪狔 -犚犵-犚犿 -犚犖 (12)
Â+
:犘犵,犱犪狔G,NÙæ`±@Å¥ë;犚gG:
u´Ïë
;犚m GIü´Ïë;犚N GÏÐǛyB
âë

1.1.5 ­q®¯°± éQ¾iB‹Îp½G+
ð_p½

˒ÊKë

vì_¨

vÚ_¨
、`

â



)*=óºd

ï¶p½G|Œ²

éQ
ΏŠe0kï¶õéQ

*ð+Û#<ÆKLŠ
ØæG380μmol·mol
-1。
LJFAO56[18]Á.B
óCõ

|}u#z{ÊåëBR-

îÊåë8ó
CëB*w@A

Ô½ƒKóCë…Lk¤·y

T˜B¥DairyMod(Verson5.3.10),• Windows
AÀFŽ+¾i

ê

¾Dêȶ4y:(1)
ðñp½`l
;(2)(e,–_ºð\BÕò;(3),
Núëp½
;(4)ËÌâzp½。Ð÷p½|} N
ÅExcel2007+;i;ŠŒz{。
1.2 ^š–—˜
éQBVPp½†¦
(1)_}()*+N)°
+A–+°˜‡ñ

ñX{¬ N30°8′,E103°00′,
34600m,ËÌ-ÞË,ËùîC,pH õ6.5,
iâz N,P,K BÌëzÆG81.1,25.5,97.2
mg·kg-1。(2)_}2XÛºLàҖ,ñX{¬
N29°53′,E103°22′,34514m。ËÌGµgn¾
Ë
,pHõ5.64,iâz N,P,K BÌëzÆG
171.3,12.5,43.8mg·kg-1。
1.3 ×ohiQ]^
ð_p½

…†¦

+¬ð_°+p½ƒÜ£¤
ø
”(http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do)。¼½é
Q¾i=u$é:BD×

Q´‘BñÝ|}Œ
v#ð_è:Bp½

T˜™Œ¥_}2Ûð
_è=žŸXÛ50ª1991-2012$ÿ+ð_´‘Ë’:vìð_、vÚ
ð_

ÊKë

ƒKì¨

ï¶

+}“p!«¬

é
Q]F(à)*ë+}“p.Õ
[19],
¦ð_p½(
XGExcelP。
špp½

éQTñΏH1Q,NBŠAÄ
:Xšp

w5DKWXB,NGY

FDKu÷š
p;iwqrBR(

}Ñé:lm8°jõŸG
`@

¼½=<:úR(:Xšp

P1)。
,Núëp½

3ñ݋oXdNŠØGÉ
$B9%×10%‹;iÿY,É$ÜÇ1~2ü,
úë¾D§+¦!2$,|ÐJ2~3ü,v̊ü
ÜNJؕ5%‹。ЧÅÛ=Vè1997-
1999$[20],2008-2012$[21-23],XÛ=Vè2001
-2004[24-25],2011-2012[22]$‹oXdNBúë


˒,NB:u¶5

1ÍüBÐJ+#=,
NÜ9ùúë!

,N{#

Uo#=Y7á$#
!:T#p½

!Çëp½G”üÜÇÌBV$ë

8801
!5# f‰$!:DairyMod•_}Éñ‹oXdN:ú+BVP8ž¥
\1 †<Äz(ð„15uh
Table1 Annualryegrassparameters

NO
špÌÛ
Meaningofparameter
špxõ
Parametervalue
šp…†
Parameterreference
犔犃犐 v*©/«p Maximumleafareaindex 5 ÖL£,2012[25]
犚 ¼AzÎߨRootdepth/cm 30 =jõ
犚犿犪狓
¾D¼AzÎߨ
Depthfor50%rootdistribution/cm
15 =jõ
犜犿犻狀
êÎ:uBvÚ_¨
Minimumtemperature/℃
3 Hannaway犲狋犪犾,2003[26]
犜狅狆狋 :uví_¨Optimaltemperature/℃ 21 Hannaway犲狋犪犾,2003[26]
\2 cd†<Äz(bVHYj°
Table2 Growthstageandnitrogenapplicationofannualryegrass
ñ:
Location

Year
{#
Emergencedate
Uo#
Flowerdate
Y7á$#
Seedmaturedate
!Çë
Napplication/kg·hm-2
1997-1998 9%21+ 4%5+ 5%20+ 75
1998-1999 9%23+ 4%7+ 5%21+ 75
1999-2000 9%25+ 4%8+ 5%22+ 75
Û Yaan 2008-2009 10%17+ 4%15+ 5%20+ 75
2009-2010 10%19+ 4%16+ 5%26+ 75
2010-2011 10%10+ 4%6+ 5%13+ 75
2011-2012 10%5+ 4%5+ 5%15+ 75
2001-2002 10%18+ 4%23+ 5%28+ 30
XÛ 2002-2003 10%12+ 4%28+ 6%1+ 60
Hongya 2003-2004 9%20+ 4%13+ 5%15+ 60
2011-2012 10%3+ 4%23+ 5%25+ 75
1.4 ×oš_UV
B¥ÀÁVP=׀VPBNÓ¥ôéQ
B|#g=»µ¨

T˜B¥kAp犚2(Cor
relationcoefficient)、8Š<–N¼0D(犚犕犛犈,
犖犚犕犛犈)、ŠXg«p 犇(Indexofagreement)、
kAp犚2 =犇«p;é:õ8=<õ’“
BŠXg

Òõ)A#1EJé:im)ï。
犚犕犛犈Bõ)wPJé:>D)w,é:lm)
|#
。犖犚犕犛犈 |}CïB;é:õB=j
õI@g
,犖犚犕犛犈 õw¦10%Póé:õ8=
jõŠXgmnï
,10%~20%Póšï,20%
~30%PJé:imŠØ,犖犚犕犛犈 õ*¦30%
PJé:õ8=jõ>D*

é:imD
[27]。
Ò
ªÂzÆG

犚2 =


犻=1
犘犻-( )犘 × 犗犻-( )犗


犻=1
犘犻-槡 犘×∑

犻=1
犗犻-( )犗槡



燅2
(1)
犚犕犛犈 =


犻=1
(犗犻-犘犻)2
槡 狀 (2)
犖犚犕犛犈 =


犻=1
(犗犻-犘犻)2
槡 狀

(3)
犇=1- ∑(犘犻-犗犻)

∑(犘犻-犗 + 犗犻-犗 )2
(4)
Â+
:犗犻,犘犻zÆG°jõ=é:õ,犗G°jõ
BL–õ
,犘GBé:õBL–õ,nG&TAë。
2 lmY;n
2.1 Áehi;n./
éQ|¦êlB+ð_p½;iô×
,1991-
2012$%L–Êåë、óCë、(à)*、%L–_
¨
、≥0℃B:uÂ_!。ÛñÝB‹$ð_p½

×1a),L–$ÊKëG1709mm,$óCëG1072
mm,ð_16℃;ÊK¾D§+•5-8%,Ù|$ÊK
ëB80%}‚。XÛñÝB‹$ð_p½(×1b),
L–$ÊKëG1330mm,$óCëG1048mm,ð
_16.8℃;6-8%ÊKëÙ|$ÊKëB70%}‚。
9801
! " # $ !23"
Ț«ñð_p½|ì

XÛB1%L–_¨ÈÛ
ì2~3℃,wÛ1%BÊKëÈXÛì5~10mm。


éQ¼½êlB+ð_=(à)*p½.Õ

Û$–(à)*G4124MJ·m-2,XÛ$–(à
)*G5341MJ·m-2(×2)。
:1 cd(犪)、fc(犫)¬–g52¿ó°、hðai$
Fig.1Averagemonthlyrainfal,ETpandtemperatureatYaan(a)andHongya(b)experimentalstation(1991-2012)
:2 cd、fcg52jklm°
Fig.2 SolarradiationinYaanandHongya(1991-2012)
2.2 b¢“ñ-×n
¿:u¶5Bé:lm…~

×3),‹oXd
N1%L–:u¶5Bé:õ8=<õI@gš
ï

Û=XۋoXdN:u“#¾D§+•
”$B10-12%=ü$B1-5%,ÿYÉ$10
%×ü$B2%:u¶5š ,3-5%:u¶5

,4%„ÄÅv*õ,Ò+•ÛB=<:u
¶ ¨ G 56 kg·hm-2 ·d-1,é : õ G 55
kg·hm-2 ·d-1,X Û B = < : u ¶ 5 82
kg·hm-2·d-1,é:õG82kg·hm-2·d-1。6
%„lO:u

«ñ2%„B,N:u¶5é:
õ–*¦=<õ

ÛB=<:u¶5 G 20
kg·hm-2·d-1,é:õG28kg·hm-2·d-1;X
Û=<:u¶5G28kg·hm-2·d-1,é:õG
40kg·hm-2·d-1。`\…~,‹oXdN•X
ÛñÝB:u¶5즕ÛñÝ

:3 cd(犪)、fc(犫)†<Äz(b¢“qŠ
Fig.3 AnnualryegrassgrowthratesinYaan(a)andHongya(b)
2.3 H+…ìs°0×nYš_
KéQé:im;iVP

=jõ8é:õ
’“Bmg78@AC×4]ó,µkgAp犚2
zÆGÛ0.96=XÛ0.91,犇 õzÆGÛ
0901
!5# f‰$!:DairyMod•_}Éñ‹oXdN:ú+BVP8ž¥
0.94=XÛ0.58(P3)。EJé:õ8=jõš
GA#

éQ(‡R(špÌ

K,NúëBé
:imšGX³

‹oXdN=jõ8é:õ•
ÛñÝB¬»D
(犚犕犛犈)G340kg·hm-2,ƒ
K¬»D
(犖犚犕犛犈)G2.3%;XÛñÝB¬»D
(犚犕犛犈) G 1132 kg·hm-2,ƒ K ¬ » D
(犖犚犕犛犈)G7.5%。ƒK¬»D–w¦10%,E
JéQ|š»µñé:‹$:XdN$`úë

ÛñÝ=L–úëG14938kg·hm-2。XÛñÝ=úëG14410kg·hm-2,é:L–úëG15061
kg·hm-2,Ü9ù`úëBé:õ–ì¦=<õ,
é:L–õÈ=

=4.5%(XÛ)。
:4 cd(犪)、fc(犫)†<Äz(ªìs°oš
Fig.4 AnnualryegrasstotalyieldvalidationinYaan(a)andHongya(b)
\3 †<Äz(ªìs°ošlm
Table3 Validationofdrymatterproduction
ñ:
Station
VPÀÁ«¬Validation
犚2 犚犕犛犈 犖犚犕犛犈/% 犇
ÜN`úë
Drymatterproduction
Û Yaan 0.97 340 2.3 0.94
XÛ Hongya 0.91 1132 7.5 0.58
3 ~Yl
*¥DairyModéQé:_}2Û=XÛ«
ñ‹oXdN:u¶5BlmPJ

,NB:u¶
5d_¨=ÊKëBñ ˆñ*

EJ:uîB_
¨=ÊK5KL,N:uB¾DEF

XÛñÝB
:u¶5ì¦ÛñÝ

|âEGXÛñݍŸì
B+}ݬ
。3-4%„ÛñÝBÊåëñ ,ˆ
±}WÍ

,N:u¶5J—Ú¦XÛñÝB
。2
%„Bé:õì¦=<

|â5ë¦,NE1%„
ü8Ú_B67

\‚ÆK<@9‡¨›yˆPA
BUJÌ:uû"
[28],
ˆéQKÚ_B;W¡
¢

ø¡;ŠŒVP

DairyModéQé:B‹oXdNúëlmP
J

é:õ8=jõBI@gCï

Û=XÛ`ú
ëBƒK¬»D
(犖犚犕犛犈)–w¦10%,ÐEJÇ
‡R(éQ+Š$:XdNB:Xšp…é:‹o
XdNúë5|iB

é:BL–úëì¦=<ú
ë

|â5ë¦=<:ú+Ç$B!¥ëWÍ\á
B

EGéQ+ÜÇé:5W>—ÇKLšBݕ
úë
[29]。
,NúëBé:L–õXÛì¦Û

E
J‹oXdN•XÛB:úÝçŸ*

ë¦,Nú
ëp½BïµNXXÛé:lmBƒK¬»D>
*

Ч=jk*ë´µüXBp½KéQ;ié
QVPl5mnjDB

DairyMod5XWgC›Bž¥éQ,éQ¦,
NzGŠ$=‹$:
、C3 =C4、h°=ÉT°,N,
G‹Y,NBé:ΏH|â

ž¥DairyModÔ½
êl‹$ð_´‘=:u@Tp½

|}é:uñ
,NîàgúëQ=1Y$QB,NúëÝçõ

G,NúëCjΏ°+Ô½

hséQø|¥¦
˜™CO2 ܨ、ð_、ÊK!FŽEFnúBut67

Cj,N`úë•Y8ÝÜBn<

é:NñúNë=ò,*¥l@q5éQBŠ*[
:

£s

3Í5Y,NX“;iœÿ]oÿé:,
X“¥Y|LJ:XšpR(銠lZB,NG
Y

E£DairyModé:éQ•Nñ():úAÀ+
Œ./Bž¥0b=š>ôõ

1901
! " # $ !23"
u>?
[1] ™u.+¬NNñAh8:úÝç[J].N)+w,1999,
12(8):2331
[2] TharmarajJ,ChapmanDF,NieZN,犲狋犪犾.Herbageaccumula
tion,botanicalcomposition,andnutritivevalueoffivepasture
typesfordairyproductioninsouthernAustralia[J].Austral
ianJournalofAgriculturalResearch,2007,59(2):127138 
[3] ParsonsAJ,JohnsonIR,HarveyA.Theuseofamodelto
optimizetheinteractionbetweenthefrequencyandseverityof
intermittentdefoliationandtoprovideafundamentalcompari
sonofthecontinuousandintermittentdefoliationofgrass[J].
GrassandForageScience,1988,43(1):4959
[4] ê˜J,ޛ,Öû¬,!.· Î=ôÝ-oQ
[J].89:+w,2001,25(4):431437
[5] ê˜J,Ë·$.· Î=ôÝ-o™
[J].:+w,2002,13(12):16051609
[6] $Ö.-o+¬()*+
,2004:6163
[7] $Ö,M*L,D3,!.-o:éQ˜™
[J].Å9+w,2007,33(10):16821687
[8] HJü.-o8()*+
,2012:5859
[9] JohnsonIR.DairyModandtheSGSPastureModel:amathe
maticaldescriptionofthebiophysicalmodelstructure[M].
IMJConsultants,Dorrigo,NSW,Australia.2013:2050
[10]CulenBR,EckardRJ,CalowMN,犲狋犪犾.Simulatingpasture
growthratesinAustralianandNewZealandgrazingsystems
[J].CropandPastureScience,2008,59(8):761768
[11]BewleyJD,KrochkoJE,RobertH K,犲狋犪犾.Proceedingsof
theFifthCanadianMathematicalCongress[M].Toronto:U
niversityofTorontoPress,1963:7576
[12]ChapmanDF,KennyS,BecaD,犲狋犪犾.Alternativefeedbase
systemsforsouthernAustraliadairyfarms.1.Predictedpas
ture/cropconsumptionandfarmfinancialperformance[M].In
20thInternationalGrasslandCongress:Offeredpapers.Eds.
O’Mara,FP,2005:461
[13]BergerH,MachadoCF,AgnusdeiM,犲狋犪犾.Useofabiophysi
calsimulationmodel(DairyMod)torepresenttalfescuepas
turegrowthinArgentina[J].GrassandForageScience,2014,
69(3):441453
[14]JohnsonIR,LodgeGM,WhiteRE.TheSustainableGrazing
SystemsPastureModel:description,philosophyandapplica
tiontotheSGSNationalExperiment[J].AustralianJournalof
ExperimentalAgriculture,2003,43(8):711728
[15]ChapmanDF,McCaskil MR,QuigleyPE,犲狋犪犾.Effectsof
grazingmethodandfertilizerinputsontheproductivityand
sustainabilityofphalarisbasedpasturesin WesternVictoria
[J].AustralianJournalofExperimentalAgriculture,2003,43
(8):785798
[16]JohnsonIR.Biophysicalpasturemodeldocumentation:model
documentationforDairyMod.EcoModandtheSGSPasture
Model[M].IMJConsultants:Armidale,NSW,2008:5060
[17]H:,Y¬5,‘ø.XdNBó¥ôõ†Òž¥0b[J].N
)°+
,2008,25(4):6469
[18]AlenRG,PereiraLS,RaesD,犲狋犪犾.Cropevapotranspiration
Guidelinesforcomputingcropwaterrequirements[S].FAO
IrrigationandDrainagePaper56,FoodandAgricultureOr
ganizationoftheUnitedNations,Rome,Italy,1989
[19]GoudriaanJ,VanL H.ModelingPotentialCrop Growth
Processes[M].Kluwer:KluwerAcademicPublishers,1994:
52
[20]HZ|,f­S.‹oXdNZGAúë†(Igh˜™‹I
[J]._}NÞ,2004(3):2326
[21]f˜Y.‹oXdNGY“NöF2?z7¬±€ghz{
†GY

A

:úgâ¥ô
[D].Û:_}()*+,2010:23
[22]=6].‹oXdNGY(A)(Ighé@¥ô†SSR«U
׆%ð
[D].Û:_}()*+,2013:45
[23];ˆâ,=6],HZ|,!.14e‹oXdNGY(A)•}
3ñÝ:úgâé@¥ô
[J].N)+w,2014,23(6):87
94
[24]±Š,ÖL£,ꟲ,!._}ÚÜÁ!ÝBîQ,N½YU
V
[J].Nñ+w,2006,14(1):8991
[25]ÖL£,¢<›,f­S,!.NNñ˜™[M].4¥:°+
¡¢
,2010:5152
[26]HannawayD,FransenJ,CropperM,犲狋犪犾.AnnualRyegrass
[M].PNWBul,1999:3
[27]MicheleR,NicolaL,ZinaF.Evaluationandapplicationofthe
OILCROPSUNmodelforsunflowerinsouthernItaly[J].Ag
riculturalSystems,2003,78(1):1730
[28]H™ï.89:X+[M].ì!–T¡¢,2006:200202
[29]JohnsonI.GuidetousingDairyModandtheSGSPastureModel
[M].IMJConsultants,Dorrigo,NSW,Australia,2013:3

%&( , -)
2901