免费文献传递   相关文献

Preliminary Analyzing the Effect of Returning Farmland to Grassland and Forest Project on the Ecological Function of Xigaz Valley Area

日喀则河谷退耕还草(林)工程实施后生态功能效应的初步分析



全 文 :!23" !6#
 Vol.23  No.6
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  11%
  Nov.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.06.022
EGH=¢q¹¤

I

"~öy,
=->?úJ@åæX„
®¯°
1,3,
5»±
1,4,
)²³
2,
´µê
1,3,
)Õ¶
1,4,

1¸,4
(1.=><)-6/^qGDEF,23 67810001;2.=><)-?@<)ABCDEF,/V100101;
3.=><)-(),/V10010;4.=><)-^qGunA»]QRSTU,23 67810001)
CDEF
:20140808;GHEF:20150104
IJKL

=><)-ij~ƒÅ<®ºµ
(XDB03030502)B
MNOP

­M
(1989),¼,2367…,½‡,Š‹Œëìk]GH)ˆ‰lDE,Email:sailshel@163.com;‘’“ Author
forcorrespondence,Email:ynli@nwipb.cas.cn
QR

q•x£\ØÑ?–\ž‡`

,

¿US¡>GHTe—núa

\ž‡`!"Â^+ŽW¹&Ðeã¸


\ž‡`5$>^qJ|,qÏJ”sÎ(犈犾狔犿狌狊狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊)lQ‹IÎs,ShannonWiener|}~Ä×e
¸ËÐÄ׸Ë

˜É\ž‡`üŽW·¸^H@o

Ê\ž‡`Þù<&

ŽWeAÍbOйÓ]—²^Ã

\ž‡`5$>,ŽWbOÐo\žz#Ë331.81gC·m-2。£¤¥\žz#%žÏÞ¡ªlém,˜\ž‡
`!3$lAÍÙzb¾§NI,0~30cmABAÍÙzbOЌ\ž3$>l2.74kgC·m-2Ëæ5.06kg
C·m-2,Aͼb±²¾1.16kgC·m-2·a-1。0~30cmAÍ릝Ëæ2.98kgN·m-2,o\ž1$e3$x
2Ë+1.60e1.64kgN·m-2。\ž25>AÍ^HÞZ,?ȎW¥&Ë,AÍúQÊ\ž$À<&Ì
Îs

AÍß(€Œe9(

#2ðAÍ0~10cmß(€ŒºË!",5$>å52.37mm,o!1$(44.48mm)
^7.89mm。sH\ž‡`Þùd*,NBAÍúQ¶ß(€Œe9k]£(。
STU

\ž‡`

,
);
GHTe—n

J|}~

bOÐ

€Œe9
VWXYZ
:Q145.2    [\]^_:A     [`aZ:10070435(2015)06127809
犘狉犲犾犻犿犻狀犪狉狔犃狀犪犾狔狕犻狀犵狋犺犲犈犳犳犲犮狋狅犳犚犲狋狌狉狀犻狀犵犉犪狉犿犾犪狀犱狋狅犌狉犪狊狊犾犪狀犱
犪狀犱犉狅狉犲狊狋犘狉狅犼犲犮狋狅狀狋犺犲犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犉狌狀犮狋犻狅狀狅犳犡犻犵犪狕犞犪犾犲狔犃狉犲犪
MAOShaojuan1,3,LIHongqin1,4,ZHANGYili2,
ZHUJingbin1,3,ZHANGFawei1,4,LIYingnian1,4
(1.NorthwestInstituteofPlateauBiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Xining,QinghaiProvince810001,China;
2.InstituteofGeographicScienceandNaturalResources,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China;
3.UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China;4.KeyLaboratoryofAdaptationandEvolution
ofPlateauBiota,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Xining,QinghaiProvince810001,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Theeffectsofrevertingfarmlandtograsslandandforestproject(RFGFP)ontheecologicalfunc
tionofXigazareawereinvestigated.Resultsshowedthattheprojectsignificantlyincreasedvegetationcov
erageandaverageheightofplant.Aftertherestorationof5years,alienspeciesincreased,whereastheim
portantvalueoforiginalseeded犈犾狔犿狌狊狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊decreased.TheincreasesofbothShannonWienerindex
andevennessindexindicatedthatthevegetationcommunityhadastabletendency.Withtheextensionof
theproject,thecarbondensityofvegetationandsoilshowedanupwardtrend.Atthefifthyearafterre
vertingfarmlandtograsslandandforestproject,thevegetationcarbondensitiesofbothaboveandunder
groundincreasedby331.81gC·m-2,soilorganiccarbon(SOC)densityof0~30cmsoillayersincreased
to5.06kg·m-2,thecarbonsequestrationrateofsoilwas1.16(kg·m-2)·a-1whentakingtheSOCof
thirdyearsasabackgroundvalue.Thesoiltotalnitrogenin0~30cmsoillayersincreasedto2.98
kg·m-2,andincreasedby1.60kg·m-2and1.64kg·m-2comparedtothefirstandthethirdyearsafter
restoration,respectively.Thesoilbecamesoftandgroundlitterincreasedaftertherestorationproject.
Withtheextensionofrestoration,soilbulkdensitydecreased,whereasthemaximumsoilmoisturecapaci
!6# ­M¡:\ØÑ°\ž‡`(,)¿US¡>GHTe—nlz‰x£
tyincreased,themaximumsoilmoisturecapacityofthe0~10cmsoillayerincreasedto52.37mminthe
fifthyear,increasedby7.89mmcomparedwiththefirstyear(44.48mm).Thesoilbulkdensityand
maximummoisturecapacitydidn’tshowsignificantchangeinthesubsurfacesoil.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Revertingfarmlandtograsslandandforest;Ecologicalfunctioneffect;Speciesdiversity;Car
bondensity;Moisturecapacity
  …P¾S„¾|llb,”ijvwdal?
–

ö˦hA?l™NŽ¢qÐ(ž?‰–˜
ËR}\lb’Ýº

ž?‰–lÐ(hy§
lb./Qæòol’¢

¢…P”IJ&vw
Í»¼GÝÞ

”ijvw|l$õeÝGd|l
R}—c

èõijvwdal$õ

’ÝºÝÝ
ûüÍÎ6•OÄyd

¾¾-Qlð”kqG
ŽWGHIJ>l–|

%t



N0

st¡é
ÚiwvwɅÖúG

ŒGH&Þ7¾(lã
ä
[14]。
hA?löЙúeŽ¢

xy\ùy?ém
æ·?GHIJbŒÍ&¶ŒAå€

Å*bPT
eÍÎ

G|}~·þ
。DegryzeȾ[5],ö÷ñ
Ã$G

sH…1½†l™N;,
、`
qe4?

Q
Þ7(ºlAÍb{gæ(i=

hŒAå€e
ŒC¶ßTejqà(ãä

¤Þ`ãäæJ|
}~lË
。Anderson¡”…1CD(0`?™
N

öÐg5

h`?bÍ&öUémlDE=ú
a
[6],`
?™NÅ*AÍÙzb@¾º»¼AÍb
w¹ºl30%~50%。5óG¡ÂS[7],\ž‡,
>sH,?ýt¹Nº

;§¸³B€Œº¶,?
€ŒºlË

A͌C¶ßTeÉ!¦

ޙ
M¡h238(þ/™ÂN|Ÿ\ž‡,>lŽ
W·¸q•úa
[8],
Ê\ž‡,Þùl<&

·¸^
H@o

·¸J|}~jkË

ITDE¸È
É

\ž‡`

,

e“Ù—?üE]lGHIJ„
˜ùYeQó

hGH<ëQæQ‹’¢
[9]。
¾F

>W¶F{?ˆ%&S"+(ºl=HGHú@

\ž‡`

,

òÚ¨w
,`
ö€+(ºl…9eQ
9»¼ŽWlùYeQó

¥†‡qr

ITGH
ú@¿UlS¡u„+ˆ|—Ç
[1013]。
\ØÑ?–ð6p%úR}¨]=n–ñò

ð6pQ‹l8þlZ?



6pl/

lLõ

”6p¼ÙQ‹?Ì

¢ x–|lb¶R}’
ݺs

45œ3$ö€d^ÌOfs

¤¥æ
2p^q’¾Q‹lGHáóTe–

Xú–hl
b¶R}’Ýºsl45ԁj

5Ä?˜¶A
Í´µ–|S¡+(‰–\ž‡`

,

lŽWùY
¿U

˜#ËŽW&Ð

þˌAN¾

ã@i
j

ËGHIJl¼be9¶Â^ŒC¶ßTe

§DEöh\ØÑ?–\ž‡`

,

>lŽW

AÍ¡GHÖ×lq•ex£

‹¡\ž‡`

,

>ŽW·¸lJ|}~

Gº

Aͼb€Œe
9¡0ÊÞù»UúGÜÝ

¾oºvw6pG
Hú@¶GHTeáóóùFu„l—nÂÃ<)
gY

1 ¯°bc9ef
1.1 ¯°ijk9B¥õ‹
°T?ÌH\ØÑÉ»15km¾;ûp¹
Å7l\ž‡`

,

–

˜Ímõ\ž‡`\‡
,
),
=nRÌú» N29°19′,E89°08′,3ê3840
m。þ–|#;_ë%&,|¬á,);4.|0。
$ã¸it6.5℃,éÚß^it28.2℃,éÚßs
it-25℃。$ã¸ÎŒº433.2mm,iwµº
¢20cm1›Œ‰eúº¾2249.6mm[14]。
§DE±Ë1$、3$e5$l\ž‡`?。
ž=‡`5$?”Š\(Š*-\ØÑ)Du3él
50m¨õ,\ž‡`3$e1$?gDuʟz<
120me300ml¨õ。‡`5$、3$e1$fg
+cdl5ýe“üÇ

¤ÞùJ+霺l¶v
ežÒýJ

fgýñùã¸ù?»4~5m,,Í
žÏ”sÎ
(犈犾狔犿狌狊狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊)。‡`5$?l5
ýe“üÇ^Ð3~5m,ýt‰–”2~6m2;‡`
3$?l5ýe“üÇ^Ð2m69,ýt‰–”1
~3m2;‡`1$?I—$Ð\ž>ùJ5ýe“
üÇ
,^
Ð1.2m69,ýt‰–”0.5m2 ˜Ÿ。
§¨Ž·¸lDEŠ‹Ä`§ x

*¤¥“ü

Eü¡ü§1·¸lÜÝk]~L

1.2 ¯°bcdef
·¸šNA}þdX
:2013$8%Í:,”ž‡`5$、3$e1$l}?,±Ë20mlMN
–

”20ml=¶¶4[˜¾=n,ùú1m×1m


55[QY。”3[}ˆŸ»¼ŽWÖך
NeAÍ}þdX

ŽW?—Gº¶·¸Ö×

”±Ël5[Q
9721
! " # $ !23"
Y}ˆ

¦ƒ¢x‹MN´MŽ·¸lã¸^Ð

3[}ˆu5[QYlã¸I)eÆJŽB^Ð;
¢†NòNo·¸¹&ÐeÆJŽWlx&Ð

Y
>¢ª¥0?‰‡JªuŽW?— x

x2U
€¢V

ŽW?ÍGº

”dX·¸?—Gºl}
ˆŸ

¢x›8cmlלx?Í0~10,10~20e
20~40cmlAB­œu?ÍA‘(3[}ˆŸ3
[QY

x2UX÷VjOSTU

AÍúQ

Ùzb

ë¦

€Œ9Ö×

Œ—{5
[}ˆ=Êz±u3[}ˆ,Ru°‰,‡0~10,
10~20e20~30cmAB»¼&¥u}。&¥Ÿ
›5cm,u}>l&¥÷±÷&¢X÷t)VO
֌`

jOSTUx£AÍúQ

AÍß(€Œº
¡#$I

¤ÞdX£¤B4AÍ}þ

»¼AÍ
Ùzbeë¦lNo

1.3 ‚ƒX„
ŽWGbº

dXlŽ}þjOSTU>

?ÍA‘ö%

÷máÄ

¢0.5mmϛlÖQK
V

<=ÿi×ò

”Â7² 



„æ?Í×I

C×eü×
),
Æ@%>UV

ß>c;¸


ÆJGº¶@%£[Œl?ÍGºòú€
85℃ñt¤%‰Ÿ¤•ñQ>õQ。„æl·¸?
—Gº

?—ÆJGº¹e
)、
?ÍGº


ºÕƒæg·m-2。%ƒ¼be9lˆ‹,ŽW
Gº¢ŽWbOÐqÈ6

ŽWbOÐsŽÙ
zòbwpºl‚]²qƒ

‚]²%ŽW1
£¤Ìê

IG©¢>ñ—í¢l‚Õ²
[15]:
犇犞犆狋=∑

犻=1
犇犞犆犻=∑

犻=1
犆犻犗犻
› =
:犇犞犆t ¾ Æ Ì ‰ – Ž W b O Ð
(gC·m-2);犻=1,2;犽=2¾ŽW?—、?ÍxB;
犆犻¾犻BŽWpb²,?—¾0.45,?;0.40;犗犻
¾Æ̉–ŽWGº
(g·m-2)。
AÍÙzòpº

FuAÍ}þjOUŸXY
¼%S¦ö%

Y>ÚT§FN°x£=n¢Q
@/lòNoAÍÙzòpº

¢E›[oòNo
AÍë¦pº

x2¾
[16]
犛犗犆犻=犆犻犇犻犈犻 1-( )犌
犜犖犻=犖犻犇犻犈犻 1-( )犌
› =
:犛犗犆犻 ¾ 犻 B A Í Ù z b O Ð
(kgC·m-2);犜犖犻 ¾犻BAÍë¦OÐ(kgN·
m-2);犇¾犻BAÍúQ(g·cm-3);犆¾AÍÙz
bpº
(%);犖 ¾AÍë¦pº(%);犈 ¾ABÅ
Ð
(cm);犌¾>2mmlÏÐF¼Ó–(%)。
AÍúQ¶€Œe9

AÍúQ

AÍß(€Œ
ºlNo¸¢&¥ò»¼

cUÙ4Al&¥

&
¥òº¾ m)ö÷—ÍN&,ðôUÙ¡¢jÏN
&

g€ãN*\žiúyŸ

Ԁå€*=ŒB
^Е&¥—3¾

üžcŒ12h(ò?4Ql
AͪÇÞùsÆ&
),
FÞ&¥=lAÍFÙÏÇ
Šñá+Œ

&——

ÍN&

΋uS

¢%­V
Wó&¥^XlŒ

ô_õžòº
(m2),£¤%•
ñQ>õQ
(m1),_sƒSAÍúQ犇(g·cm-3)
¶AÍß(€Œº
(mm)。ž=:
AÍß(€Œº =犇×犿2-犿1犿1-犿 ×
100
·¸|}~#$

J|}~Ä×
(speciesdi
versityindex)、¸ ËÐ(eveness)ezÃСÄ:
ƒ0Í
[17]。
Q‹I
(犐犞):犐犞=(Mh&Ð+Mh^Ð+M
hGº
)/3
ShannonWiener·¸|}~Ä× (犎′):H'
=-∑

i=1
pilnpi
Pielou¸ËÐÄ×(犑):犑=
(-∑

犻=1
狆犻犾狀狆犻)
犾狀犛
SimpsonzÃÐÄ×(犇):犇=1-∑

犻=1
狆2犻
›=
:犘犻¾J犻lMhQ‹I;犛¾J犻F”}
ˆlJ¹×

Š‹Ð
)。
Ž¢M=×)J
(AnalystApplicationof
SASV9.2)ˆòeExcel2003ZwhMN×Y»
¼Jex£

“¢Æ%wˆax£
(ANOVA)»
¼FÄ:ùlodeaê!"~[T
(α=0.05)。
2 …†dX„
2.1 ¢q¹¤§>;<@=-úJ
2.1.1 R¹;ª±l¸ªHg \ž‡`žÏÆ
J”sÎ1$>,ŽW·¸lã¸^Ðe&иd
s
,3$>·¸ã¸^Ðß^,&ÐÊ\ž‡`lÞ
ù<&jkË

ˆax£ÈÉ£¤\ž$ù¸
]!"aê
(犘<0.05)。IJx¹A·¸óŽ>X
#G&#R˜¶Aͪ9lkÙ=

\ž‡`Þ
Z§˜žÏ”sξŠ

ñ1$>ŽJ1Æò,”
sÎxZל

”I1$ŸG&Z§¾”eß#Â
0821
!6# ­M¡:\ØÑ°\ž‡`(,)¿US¡>GHTe—nlz‰x£
O

ŽW&Ðe^иds

žÏl”sÎR3$
G&

xZם|
,^
qJ×ٝˢ‡¾Hdœ
¨õ

ŽWl^Ðe&иd^

\ž5$>,^ q
JlËüŽW¥&НËÉ!

¢”sÎ%X#
G@`”G&>4~5$l\]#R[18],émæŽ
W·¸^ÐlË

ÈaS”\ž‡`žÏ”sÎ
>ÊÞù<&

ŽW&ÐjkË

Ìã¸^ÐÈa
S!3$Ë,5$>XÌÎsl#R(û1)。
W1 ()¢qЅ§+½¾¶(犪){/@(犫)X»¼k
Fig.1 Averageheight(a)andvegetationcoverage(b)intheRFGFPplotsofdifferentyears
Ô
:RFGFP,\ž‡`(,)
Note:RFGFP,Revertingfarmlandtograsslandandforestproject
2.1.2 µ‡‡?W±CtºHg q•\ž‡
`5$、3$e1$>ŽW·¸J167úa(È
1),\ž‡`1$>,͎WŽ˜…¿žÏl”
sξŠ

J67MhÆò

s4JŽ67,x
!4<,á§<、î<、®‡`3$>,͎Ws9JŽ67,x!4<,î
<4J,á§5$>,͎Ws17JŽ67,x!6<,î<
ex`Ë±²Ëî

IAijEQl^3ê?–Ùf(
£¤

\ØÑ°”ó;5ºvw|
,¯
-Š‹

Ë
ñDE–¾”Du37
,^
qJÉVÏ

d|lŒ
5vwe~ü^qJl\ÍeG&

б?¡
…
[19]
hŸ©ªÿ%t?–\ž‡`2$、4$e8
$lŽW·¸q•=úaÊ\žÞùlË

”`
?ŽJ×ÍÎl¤Þ


§D
E‚*MNæIòÚÛ

6•MX

\,A\ž$
M=

Ù?»ò‰q•DE

ŒÈ1lQ‹Iqr,\ž‡`$£¤,ŽW
·¸zΏ¶J67¸`”òolaê


‡`1$>”sÎQ‹I¾71.63,Ékìlpá
è
(犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪狑犲犾犾犫狔犻)eƒ½UV(犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅犾狌
狆狌犾犻狀犪)` ÙMh^lQ‹I。3$>”sÎQ‹
I
(51.70)o\ž1$É!Îs,Á“åé!"aê
(犘<0.05),¢p¾”ß^I;ƒ½UVA\ž1$
lQ‹Ik]aêd

̽¾¿Ó
(犇犲犾狆犺犻狀犻狌犿
犮犪犲狉狌犾犲狌犿)、¿Eãï`(犆犪狉犲狓犪狋狉狅犳狌狊犮犪)、Fì
(犉犲狊狋狌犮犪狅狏犻狀犪)、ÁÓíî(犗狓狔狋狉狅狆犻狊狅犮犺狉狅犮犲狆犺犪
犾犪)É!|,Q‹Ix2åæ12.25,3.60,10.02,
4.27。\ž‡`žÏ”sÎ5$>,,͎W·¸
p˜”sξŠ

Q‹I¾47.09),¢A\ž3$
aê£!"

AF¤Þ

Ù(ºl^qJkì»q

#2ð:¼Ž¼Yd(o©

m”sÎeƒ½U
V

½¾¿Ó

FìlQ‹I”5.00˜—^,žÒ
JQ‹Ix¹¸d

I˜É

zòr_l”sΒ¾\ž‡`žÏ
l`§ŽðsžG@¶¥H#$§ol

”sÎ
×Iúå

€AdÚ

%tÞ³oŸ"˜þœÓŸŒ
xeÑ

¤ÞŽ¢×IzÃcdAÍdÚ¾lŒx

%ÌÿÙd¦lrte9

c”sΒ¾\ž‡,
z#,ÍzÃJ

ed|l°ž?AÍlÆb

ý
7C²d^

َHŽWùY

¤ÞÊ\ž‡`$
<&

žÏl”sÎQ‹IjkÎs

·¸67%
€)J̝Ë

ö*#lJùøùAun

·¸6
7jkŠ‹

Ìý˜Z`1ÿ|

\ž‡`3$>
žÒá`ex`1Žk€

\ž‡`5$>,î<
¶®<Ž¼¹ŽJ1l59%,á`ex`1
*úGQ(k

¢ŒŠ‹lJqr¥7+e¾
|Ž¢BCl·¸Æb

1821
! " # $ !23"
v1 ()¢qЅI§+;<Ã]90R¿
Table1 SpeciescompositionandimportantvaluesintheRFGFPplotsofdifferentyears
Š‹J Mainspecies
Q‹IImportantvalues
\ž1$ \ž3$ \ž5$
RFGFP(1a) RFGFP(3a) RFGFP(5a)
”sÎ犈犾狔犿狌狊狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊 71.63 51.70 47.09
ƒ½UV 犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅犾狌狆狌犾犻狀犪 15.40 13.80 11.21
páè犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪狑犲犾犾犫狔犻 7.41 Y 4.97
ÁÓUV 犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅犳犪犾犮犪狋犲 Y Y 1.90
½¾¿Ó犇犲犾狆犺犻狀犻狌犿犮犪犲狉狌犾犲狌犿 Y 12.25 7.01
¬D­犜犪狉犪狓犪犮狌犿犿狅狀犵狅犾犻犮狌犿 Y Y 1.12
ã@‡犘犾犪狀狋犪犵狅犱犲狆狉犲狊狊犪 5.56 Y 1.19
¿Eãï`犆犪狉犲狓犪狋狉狅犳狌狊犮犪 Y 3.60 2.08
Fì犉犲狊狋狌犮犪狅狏犻狀犪 Y 10.02 5.67
_sè犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪狀犪狀狊犮犺犪狀犻犮犪 Y Y 2.91
u‡è犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪犱犲犿犻狊狊犪 Y Y 3.26
ÁÓíî犗狓狔狋狉狅狆犻狊狅犮犺狉狅犮犲狆犺犪犾犪 Y 4.27 4.45
Òw‡lÖ犆狉犲狆犻狊犳犾犲狓狌狅狊犪 Y Y 2.31
›xÁJ犃狊狋狉犪犵犪犾狌狊狊狋狉犻犮狋狌狊 Y 1.81 1.29
­µíî犗狓狔狋狉狅狆犻狊狊犲狉犻犮狅狆犲狋犪犾犪 Y 1.90 1.87
LÓ`犆犪犾犾犻犪狀狋犺犲犿狌狆犻犿狆犻狀犲犾犾狅犻犱犲狊 Y 0.64 0.90
¿ãé`犈狉犪犵狉狅狊狋犻狊狀犻犵狉犪 Y Y 0.77
2.1.3 µ‡‡?ˆ‰ŠHg J|}~sÈ$G
·¸lÆbYZ~

Óa·¸lÆb1

ú«Â
Oe@oUÐ

s˜åŠIJ@o~

·¸|}~A
·¸lTeöUO«M=

ÌGºð·¸TelQ
‹È$Ö×
[20]。
\ž1$、3$¶5$ŽW·¸|}
~Ä×
、¸
ËÐezÃÐÙd(aê

û2)。Shan
nonWiener|}~Ä׶Simpson|}~Ä׸¾
\ž5$>\ž3$>\ž1$;·¸zÃÐs˜f
|lÈ$·¸l67Æb#$

\ž‡`1$、3$
e5$,Í·¸zÃÐx2¾0.55,0.32e0.25,È
ÉÊ\ž$l<&

·¸67ÆbjkŠ‹

££
Ä\žz#Þ·¸67Æò

ÆbmÆ

·¸¸ËÐ
ed|lXn·¸l@o~

sû2su,tY·¸
¸ËÐaêd

g4¾0.64,0.70,0.71,¢gYÈ
aS”\ž‡`Þù†Î—·¸\^@oe·¸v
ÊÜÝl^Ã

Af&¡
[21]
hS6\ž,?lDE
„ælÆÇò*

£¤lð

§ll¡
[22]
lDE=
ÄS

Ê\žÞùlË

%JùøùlËü

·¸
J|}~çÙFÍÎ

2.2 ¢q¹¤"~,§+/ #K@=-úJ
2.2.1 µ¶»¼ªHg \ž‡`1$、3$e5
$>`§ŽW?—

?͹lbOÐ]Ë^Ã

g
4¾400.11,565.32e731.92gC·m-2(û3)。
¢£¤\ž$Í`§ŽW?—

?ÍbOÐÙ£
¤lx¹#$

sû3asu,ŽW?—a`bOÐ
Ê\ž‡`$l<&]ƒ—²>Îslx¹#
R

\ž‡`1$,3$e5$x2¾12.44,70.23
e41.96gC·m-2,ýM¯ùaê!"(犘<0.05)。
\ž‡`!1$,ŽJÆò,ÌýžÏl”sξ
”eßG&ÂO

xZל

ŽW?—bOÐds

\ž!3$,ŽW?—bOÐd^,AžÏ”sÎx
Z|

Õ×Ú
,^
qJMhdœ

”sÎecd¾
|lAÍßx̝Ë+?— GºÙ=
。5$>
ŽWÊ·¸JjkË

tY”sξ”\]Â
O

Q‹IÙFÍÎ

¢òT0ÁÓíî

½ƒUV

½¾¿Ó¡Ùd(³‰–lŽJ1lSa

¾Ž
W?—bOÐlË’+d(y

o\ž‡`!
1$^,¢o!3$s。
W2 ()¢qЅI>¦ABÉó‚Å£
Fig.2 Changeofspeciesdiversityindexinthe
RFGFPplotsofdifferentyears
2821
!6# ­M¡:\ØÑ°\ž‡`(,)¿US¡>GHTe—nlz‰x£
A?—bOÐk]^ã¤

\ž‡`1$、3
$e5$>?ÍbOÐx2¾378.67,495.09e
689.96gC·m-2(û3b),ÈaS\ž‡`>ÊÞ
ù<&?ÍbOÐjk²^

æ!5$>žŽW?
ÍbOÐß(

IŠ‹AŽWG&5$>·¸J1
67MhŠ‹
,^
qJZ`1ÿ|Ù=

Z`1
Aá`1£¤lð

Z`1ÝÝÿÙd(l×w

%
ÌÂ^+ŽW?ÍbOÐ

W3 ()¢qЅI§+¥*(犪)¥(犫)KX»
Fig.3 Distributionsofaboveground(a)andbelowground(b)vegetationcarbondensitiesintheRFGFPplotsofdifferentyears
2.2.2 ch¯½»±pm¼ªHg `?Ž¢k]
ðém·?GHIJbÍ&lŠ‹%wñò

žhë
ìG])Í&lém™æ…PlQ£

AÍb¦
ðÈ$Aͪ9lQ‹Ä:

i™ŽW~L

&v
w
、`
?Ž¢e…1CD¡lém

sÈ2su,£
¤\ž‡`$ÀÍÙzb”£¤ÚÐlAB=pº
£¤

£¤\ž‡`$ÀÍÊABlËÚAÍÙz
bjkÍÎ
,0~10cmÈBA͔\ž‡`žÏ”
sÎl!1$,%žÏS¡Þul~Ï+òoºl¦
ª

ù y é m æ þ B A Í Ù z b

¾ 1.74
kgC·m-2;\ž!3$>~Ϫ9Hërí,0~10
cmÈBAÍÙzbÍÎæ0.89kgC·m-2;\ž!
5$>,AÍÙzb%?—ŽW;¸|,AÍÙ
zòƒññx

AÍÙzbÙFË

å 2.04
kgC·m-2。IJk]™‘’¢lémÉ!,_
10~20cmBlAÍÙzbOÐg0~10cmABA
ÍÙzbOÐlk]Ìk]

›ðºIÙFÍÎ

ž1$>%A͞ZÌÞÑ,‘¦Ä,Ëñ¡ª­
¡

ü20~30cmB4lAÍÙzbA3$、5$M
od^

\ž5$>”—Bd^AÍÙzòl‘



’¢Í

ž10~20cmB4AÍÙzb`d
^

æ20~30cmB4Z§A\ž3$>MG。Èa
S\ž‡`>£¤$ÀAÍÙzbÊÚÐÍα²
ÙF£¤

\ž‡`1$、3$、5$Œ0~10æ20
~30cmABÙzbpºÍÎÞÐx2¾0.63,0.17
e1.31kgC·m-2。¾÷m\ž?ñ‡¡ªhAÍ
pbºlém

˜\ž3$lAÍÙzb¾§NI,
×"\ž5$>l2$ŸAÍÙzbpºË+
2.32kgC·m-2,gFƒžAͼb±²¾1.16
kgC·m-2·a-1。ÈÉ\ž‡`­¡s˜Ù—~»
AÍÙzblùYe–—

_Ù¼o(i CO2 l
e9

v2 ()¢q¹¤(I)Ѕ() ãgç、Ö*X»­®
Table2 Distributioncharactersofsoilorganiccarbonandtotalnitrogenindifferentsoillayers
µ†Index
\žÀ
TheyearofRFGFP/a 0~10cm
ÚÐ Depth
10~20cm 20~30cm 0~30cm
Ùzb
Organic
carbon
1 1.74±0.57Aa 1.43±0.82Aa 1.11±0.80Aa 4.28
3 0.89±0.36Aa 1.13±0.48Aa 0.72±0.15Aa 2.74
5 2.04±2.00Aa 2.29±2.58Aa 0.73±0.38Aa 5.06
ë¦
Totalnitrogen
1 0.50±0.06Aa 0.47±0.08Aab 0.40±0.04Ab 1.38
3 0.45±0.03Aa 0.48±0.02Aa 0.41±0.05Ab 1.34
5 0.95±0.93Aa 0.88±0.64Aa 1.14±1.16Aa 2.97
  Ô:¤¼£¤3ͱÈ6M¤\ž$£¤ABÙzb、ë¦aê!"(犘<0.05);¤Î£¤(3ͱÈ6Ùzb、릣¤\ž$
M¤ABaê!"
(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentsmallettersinthesamerowindicatesignificantdifferenceamongdifferentsoillayersinthesameyear(犘<0.05).Differ
entcapitallettersinthesamecolumnindicatedsignificantdifferenceamongdifferentyearsinthesamesoillayer(犘<0.05)
3821
! " # $ !23"
  \ž‡`1$、3$>AÍë¦x¹#$ò*,
Œ0~10cm ÈB(x2¾0.50e0.45kgN·
m-2)æ20~30cm(x2¾0.40e0.41kgN·
m-2)¾HMhdslpº,ýÊÚНËÍΣÉ
!

¢\ž‡`5$>,™?È¥&|ý¨]
’¢ém

Œ0~10æ20~30cmAÍë¦pº¸
d^

X0~10cmÈB(0.95kgN·m-2)æ20~
30cmÚB(1.14kgN·m-2)ËÞо0.19kg
N·m-2。
b¦oðAͦ€]e9lQ‹Ä:

×Yb
¦osðšÙzòxyöU=ðúG+€]‡ðÇ
Gl¼€

dslb¦oَH¦l€]eßx
fg

\ž‡`1$、3$、5$AÍb¦ox2¾
3.10,2.04e1.70,Ê\žÞùl<çb¦ojk
ÍÎ

2.3 ¢q¹¤"~, #.09L“?DúJ
2.3.1 chiC AÍúQs˜f|läºAÍ
ÞØ~L

sû4su,þ?–ÆBAÍúQd,
ÊABËÚAÍúQjkk(

Ê\žÞùlË

£¤ABAÍúQjkÍÎ
,0~10cmlÆABú
QÍÎd¾É!

\ž5$>ÆABA͏@~~
„æòol°

AÍúQÍÎ15.07%,Ì10~20
e20~30cmAÍúQÍÎËÖ。ÙDEÈÉ,A
žJlÎMo

JŽl5`hAÍúQ

ÏÇÐ

pŒºÿÙÉ!l°’¢
[23]。
”\ž‡`»U
=

AÍsñ‡ØSÇƙAÊdÞ

i~|lˆ
ÊÜÝ

W4 ()¢qЅ #.0Å£
Fig.4 Changesofsoilbulkdensitiesinthe
RFGFPplotsofdifferentyears
2.3.2 ch¾j­ Ê\ž$lË0~10,10
~20e20~30cm£¤ÚÐAÍß(€ŒºŠÙ
£¤lk]^Ã

û5)。ž=,ÈBAÍ0~10cm
lß(€ŒºÊ\ž$lË̝Ë

¢£!"

x2¾44.48,47.80e52.37mm。10~20e20~
30cmAÍß(€Œºk]£É!。
\ž>;§¸³BlxyüAÍÙzò(º
Ë
[24],
AÍÙzò£ððßxlŠ‹qC

¤Þ‡
e~»A͆Äl¥7

°AÍÆb

üÀŒ
e9²

¾Q‹lð\ž‡,‡`h;¸¶`
§Bl–—•=Q‹

&?˜q¥7á§-`§-
;¸lY°rNÓI

üž¹Nº¶€Œe9Ê
\\ž$lËÌjk(

ÈBAÍ0~10
cmlß(€Œº&^Ãd¾É!,sH,Í`§
Žl×IŠ‹X=H0~10cm,ed|lå`A
Í=lŒü€Œe9Ë

I`f|l˜É+\ž
‡,e‡`lÆ°e¾|l~»ŽWlùYA·¸
lvÊÜÝ

W5 ()¢qЅ #³©L“?Å£
Fig.5 Changesofmaximummoisturecapacityinthe
RFGFPplotsofdifferentyears
3 ™š
  »€—²³90$˜q,>W˦+\ž‡,
(` )
¿UlS¡

#2ðÇ10|$q,>¸-”£
¤GHTe–S¡+GH¿Uóù

GHáóóù
¡š|µ†

ITµ†>Wö€(ºlB[

µ†
l™«”£¤?–¸u„ˆ|l—Ç

DEҦ%
& „`ŒPv‰lô
[1013]。
òTDEȾ
[25],
\ž>AÍ~òlˆA
J|}~lËse`”M¯~»l’¢

§l
l
[22]
”ÁA^qŒAN¾?–\ž‡,ŽW·¸
lDE=

úaJ|}~Ê\žÞùlË̝
Ë

tDÉ¡
[26]
hÁA^q¶0Q–\ž‡,
lDE=„æM¤lÆ¢

J|}~lk]R÷
4821
!6# ­M¡:\ØÑ°\ž‡`(,)¿US¡>GHTe—nlz‰x£
s^æsÌ>j‰ùY@olöU

§DEÆÇA
§ll¡…lÆÇMÝ

¢`£{m&#\ž>
J|}~çÙÎsj‰@ol^Ã

ÙDEÈÉ
[27],
ÁA^qMÛ?–\ž‡,Ù
—l~»+Ùzb¶ë¦l–—

Ш­¡…
[28]
úa\ž‡,>AÍÙzòË+2.75Ÿ,bË
+27.29%,¦Ë+46.79%,I„˜Élð,\ž
>AÍÙzbÊÞùlh»£š²^

¢”§DE
=

AÍÙzb¶ë¦ØÙÈaSxy—²l^
Ã

Ìð”\ž>÷±ÍÎñ>Ë֗²

ýÙzb
¶ë¦lË£!"

IA\ž$À

l?AÍ1


ijÙf(I

ITDEȾ

ŽWGºA
J|}~Ùd(=

AÍÙzòlÂ^AG
ºlË=IO«

ÌÀŒe9AŽW&ÐÙ
=

\ž‡`l†l”Hy§œ>lŒAN¾.
/

Â^ŒC¶ße9

°l?lGH&

§D
E=\ž‡`>

,͎W·¸¹&ж^ÐÉ!
Ë

·¸67jkŠ‹

ŽW·¸ö&#ÜÝ^
H@o

ŽW¶Aͼbe9Ê\žÞùË̝
¦

\ž‡,öhŽW

×I

AÍl°


A͹ôe9¶€Œe9jk¦

”Ÿ©ªÿ%
t?–\ž‡`}?DE…oúa\žÞù€&

AÍpŒº€s

ß}çÅ*l?Sa

G%t
]

aw

tY§DEØÙúaM=^Ã

¢ÊžÞùlË

Ž×ãšÊÍ
ÆB?͌
Ž¢²Â^

IJ

G%t]

aw\,`çSa

%Fn˦h\ž‡`}?lšN

”FawúG
ñ‡©uٗ­¡

4 …š
  ö\ž‡`,ŽW·¸、AÍ&¸Ê\žÞ
ùl<çj‰vÊÜÝ

\ž>GH&!"°

ÿÙ!"lGH—n

Š‹Èa0Í

Ê\ž‡`Þùl<ç`?ŽW·¸jkÊv
ÊÜÝ

\ž­¡hÂ^ŽW¹&жã¸^З
Çod!"

Ê\ž$<&
,^
qJ|ž|}
~Ë

žÏl”sÎQ‹IÎs

\ž‡`>5
$ŸShannonWiener|}~ÄםË+1.12,¤
Þpielou¸ËÐÄ×lË˜ÉŽW·¸^H@
o

Ê\ž‡`Þù<&

ŽWeAÍlbOй
Ó]—²^Ã

\ž‡`5$>ŽW?—?ÍbO
Ðo\žz#Ë331.81gC·m-2;AÍÙzb
OЙ~Ϫém”ßzl3$ŸÙFÎs,!3
$0~30cmAB¾2.74kgC·m-2,æ!5$
Ëæ5.06kgC·m-2,¤¥æ\žÏJÞ¡ªlé
m

è˜~Ï3$lÙzb¾§NI,×",\ž5
$>AÍÙzbpºË+2.32kgC·m-2,gF
ƒžAͼb±²¾1.16kgC·m-2·a-1。A
Íë¦`ÿÙM¤lk]^Ã
,0~30cmABæžÏJ5$Ëæ2.98kgN·m-2,o~Ï1$e
3$x2Ë1.60e1.64kgN·m-2。odAÍ
b¦oúaÊ\žÞùl<çjkÍÎ

‡`1$、
3$、5$AÍb¦ox2¾3.10,2.04e1.70。
\ž25>AÍ^HÞZ

ý?ȎW¥&
Ë

AÍúQÊ\ž$<&ÌÎs

IJk]
”AÍÈB¾¾É!

NBÑd

™úQÎs¶
AÍÙzò

ŽWGºËlém

Ê\ž$<
&AÍß(€Œe9(

#2ð0~10cmAÍß
(€Œº¾¾É!

\ž‡`1$、3$e5$>x
2¾44.48,47.80e52.37mm;ÌNBAÍ%ž‡`Þùd*

AÍß(€Œe9k]£(

›[[1] R<ú,ž:q,R)ä,¡.6p\ØÑ?–GH<ëvwA
GH&óù
[J].?@<),2006,26(1):3339
[2] ³().ƒY`q”íúÁ—=ãN|ŒAN¾AA?Ô
+]=l’¢A?Ì
[J].`?),2000,8(2):7781
[3] R[þ,ŠµY,äK7,¡.¹GüÂ%N–A?Ž¢/¥W
k]¶žGH&—n
[J].?@<),2012,32(2):244250
[4] Ð:\.ŒAN¾ðGH&E]l×C[J].?òòóA&
åæ
,2001,12(2):2531
[5] DeGryzeS,SixJ,PaustianK,犲狋犪犾.Soilorganiccarbonpool
changesfolowinglanduseconversions[J].GlobalChangeBi
ology,2004,10(7):11201132
[6] AndersonDW,ColemanDC.Thedynamicsoforganicmatter
ingrasslandsoils[J].JournalofSoilandWaterConservation,
1985,40(2):211216
[7] 5óG,$Ž.\ž‡,GH—cvwˆò[J].=>A?<
)
,2004,17(5):5458
[8] ޙM,^ >É,$SU,¡./™ÂN|\ž‡,‡`?Š‹
Ž·¸J|}~DE
[J].ŒAå€DE,2006,13(4):
101103
[9] +[²,3>ú.6/?–ƒY,åæA\]GHIJùY@
¢º¤
[J]./V,ª()),2000,22(4):17
[10]HVG,O^?,$+ƒ,¡.6 ?–ŽWùYQó=ñ[.
/lº¤
[J].XYBC),2002,17(2):216220
[11]F_Ì,O^?,]­.^ÂN|\ž‡, (` )l°—cAG
Hƒn^Ê
[J].BC<),2007,29(2):194200
[12]ï³Ò,žA,_(ˆ.20²³90$=>A?Ž¢k]
5821
! " # $ !23"
Þ}#$¶ž7%x£
[J].?@DE,2003,22(1):112
[13]Á2@,.mó,$çï,¡.=>\ž‡, (` )ÎD9l|
‹Ðx£
[J].%t–BCA&,2010,24(4):112116
[14].3,‚s%,$›T,¡.\ØÑÇ53$ijk]#$x£
[J].iw<®,2011,39(2):165171
[15]íƒF,$ó,,+f,¡.p/^_`?ŽWlbOÐAbÈ
º
[J].GH<),2007,5(26):437442
[16]$¦,.7£,+Oƒ,¡.=>AÍÙzb8¶}ùx¹#
$x£
[J].?@),2000,55(5):533544
[17]æOã,ïLÉ.G·¸|}~lNЈò[J].G|}
~.1994,2(4):231239
[18].³/,R_ë,R4,¡.^5`aâãäå`…¿`?·¸
#$¶@o~DE
[J].=>`?),2007,29(2):1325
[19]б?,#>L,OL.Ÿ©ª¯`a…\ž`?ŽJ1k
]AŒxd—
[J].ŽGH),2014,38(5):425439
[20]$2™,ɳ@../(b5XYåæ–G|}~¶žåæ
[M]./V:=>,ªSCK,2003
[21]f&,Fåã,1ó­,¡.\ž‡,>·¸Üݶžα|}~

[J].[22]§ll,ä<É,ž¯Y,¡.£¤\ž$YÔ?Ž|}~
¶Gºx£
[J].ŒAå€DE,2012,19(6):3644
[23]ô>*,ôó>,ž}Å.45ԁj\ž‡`hA͏@~
~lém
[J].`?),2002,10(2):100105
[24]5ý,t0[,ïýŸ.Ÿ©ª= ?–\ž‡,‡`>ŽW
AAÍ~~lk]
[J].ŒAå€DE,2006,13(4):143145
[25]tDÉ,ó™,ÌF.ÁA0Q–ŽWXœìYAJ|}
~k]
[J].ŒAå€DE,2005,12(1):13
[26]RúÕ,ô_Y,5Â,¡.ÁAMۖ£¤\ž‡,?A
ÍÙzb

¦OÐk]#$
[J].ŒAå€DE,2012(4):43
47
[27]$Ž,1õŽ,æLW,¡.ÁAMۖN|A?Ž¢hA
ÍÙzbeë¦lém
[J].n¢GH),2007,18(6):
12811285
[28]Ш­,ž<Ž,50<.\ž‡,hÁA^q?–AÍÙz
bém·N
[J].?|DEA™ú,2006,25(3):9499

%&( ,-.)
6821