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Cymbidium paucifolium, A New Species of Orchidaceae from China

少叶硬叶兰, 中国兰科一新种



全 文 :武汉植物学研究 2002, 20( 5) : 350~352
Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research
少叶硬叶兰,中国兰科一新种
刘仲健1 陈心启2
( 1.深圳市梧桐山苗圃总场, 深圳 518114; 2.中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放实验室, 北京 100093)
摘 要: 对云南兰科新种少叶硬叶兰作了描述和绘图, 并讨论了该种与其近缘种纹瓣兰的异同。
关键词: 少叶硬叶兰; 新种; 云南
中图分类号: Q949. 71+ 8. 43     文献标识码: A     文章编号: 1000-470X ( 2002) 05-0350-03
Cymbidium paucif olium, A New Species of Orchidaceae from China
LIU Zhong-Jian1 , CHEN Sing-Chi2
( 1.Shenz hen City W utongshan Nur se ries, Sh enzh en 518114, Ch ina;
2. Laboratory of Syst ematic and E volutionary Botany , Insti tut e of Botany , The Chine se A cademy of S ciences, Beijin g 100093, C hina)
Abstract: Cymbidium p aucif ol ium Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen, a new species of Or chidaccae f rom Yun-
nan, is described and illust rated; the dif ference betw een this new species and its ally Cymbidium
aloif ol ium ( L . ) Sw . is discussed.
Key words : Cymbidium p aucif ol ium ; New species; Yunnan
少叶硬叶兰  新种  图 1
Cymbidium paucif ol ium Z. J. L iu et S. C. Chen,
sp. nov, Fig . 1~6 ( Subgen. Cymbidium; sect . Cym-
bidium)
Species nova Cymbidio aloif olio ( L . ) Sw . sim i-
lis, a quo dif fert plant is autumno flo rent ibus, radi-
cibus lateralibus numerosis er ectis, foliis minoribus
( 2~4 ) ; inflo rescentia 6- ad 11-flo ra, sepalis et
petalis pur pureo-rubris praeter marg inem ca
0. 8 mm latum flavum.
Plantae epiphyt icae, perennes, vaginis tandem
in f ibras solut is cinctae. Radices carnosae, laterales
numero sae, rig idae, er ectae. Pseudobulbi anguste
ovo idei, leviter complanat i, 7~ 8 cm longi, 4~
4. 5 cm lat i, junio res fol io rum basibus inclusi. Fo lia
2~ 4 in quoque pseudobulbo, subligulata, 33~
64 cm longa, 3~4. 7 cm lata, r ig ida, at roviridia,
apice obtusa et inaequaliter ro tundato-bilobata,
prope basin conduplicata, art iculata. Scapus a basi
pseudobulbi inter fibras or iundus, arcuatus v el pen-
dulus, 25~40 cm longus, basi 4- vel 5-vag inatus,
v aginis 1~3 cm long is, r acemo 14. 5~23 cm longo
6- ad 11-flor o; br acteae t riangulares, ca 3 mm lon-
gae; pedicellus cum ovario 2. 2~2. 5 cm longus, e
f lavido-viridulo purpureo-ruber; flo res ca 4 cm in
diametro , leniter odorat i; sepala anguste oblonga
vel anguste ligulato-ellipt ica, 2. 0~2. 3 cm longa,
5. 5~6. 5 mm lata, obtusa, purpureo-rubra praeter
marginem 0. 8 mm latum flavum ; petala anguste
oblonga, 1. 8~2. 0 cm longa, 4. 5~5. 5 mm lata,
obtusa, color e sepalis sim ilia; labellam ambitu
subovatum, 1. 7~ 2. 0 cm longum , 1. 4~ 1. 5 cm
latum, prope medium trilobum, basi saccatum ,
purpureo-rubr um , prope basin flav ido-punctatum ,
lobis later al ibus sem i-ovat is erect is columnam
   收稿日期: 2002-02-04,修回日期: 2002-04-30。作者简介:刘仲健(1958- ) ,男,教授级高工,从事兰科植物研究。
1. 带花植株; 2.花; 3. 中萼片、花瓣、侧萼片、唇瓣, 正面观; 4.唇瓣与蕊柱, 侧面观; 5.花粉块; 6. 花粉团,背面观
1. Flow er ing plant; 2. F low er; 3. Do r sal sepal, petal, lat eral sepal and lip, fr ont view ; 4. L ip and column, side v iew ;
5. Pollinarium ; 6. Po llinium, back v iew
图 1 少叶硬叶兰
F ig . 1 Cymbid ium paucif olium Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen
351 第 5 期               刘仲健等:少叶硬叶兰, 中国兰科一新种
excedent ibus r ubro-pur pureis et albo-punctulat is,
lobo intermedio late oblongo-ellipt ico 8~ 9 mm
longo et lato purpureo-rubr o praeter marginem al-
bum et basin f lavido-notatam, disco lamel lis duabus
fere par al lelis versus basin gradat im dilatat is
lacteis vel f lavis basi rubro-brunneo-punctulat is or -
nato; columna ca 1. 2 longa, 5 mm lata, plus m i-
nusve arcuata, pr ope apicem anguste alata, pede
brev issimo; poll inia duo, subtr iangularia, pro funde
fissa; v isci-dium tr iangulare. F lorescent ia: Oct . ~
Nov .
China. Yunnan (云南) : Xishuangbanna (西双
版纳 ) , without precise locality, 2001-11-20, Z. J.
L iu 21112( ho lotype, SZWN; SZWN = Herbarium,
Shenzhen City Wutong shan Nur series) .
多年生附生植物, 基部为最终化解为纤维的鞘
所包围。根肉质;侧根多,坚挺,直立向上。假鳞茎狭
卵形, 稍压扁,长 7~8 cm, 宽 4~4. 5 cm, 幼嫩时包
藏于叶基之内。叶在每个假鳞茎上 2~4枚,近舌状,
长 33~64 cm ,宽 3~4. 7 cm ,坚挺,深绿色, 先端钝
并有不等的 2圆裂,近基部对摺,有关节。花葶从假
鳞基部纤维丛中抽出,外弯或下垂, 长 25~40 cm,
基部具 4 或 5 枚鞘, 鞘长 1~3 cm; 总状花序长
14. 5~23 cm, 具 6至 11 花; 花苞片三角形, 长约
3 mm ;花梗连同子房长 2. 2~2. 5 cm ,紫红色, 有黄
绿色晕;花直径约 4 cm ,有淡香;萼片狭矩圆形或狭
舌状椭圆形,长 2. 0~2. 3 cm, 宽 5. 5~6. 5 mm ,先
端钝,除具黄色的狭窄边缘外全部紫红色; 花瓣狭矩
圆形,长 1. 8~2. 0 cm ,宽 4. 5~5. 5 mm,先端钝,色
泽与萼片相似; 唇瓣轮廓为近卵形, 长 1. 7~
2. 0 cm, 宽 1. 4~1. 5 cm ,紫红色,近基部有淡黄色
斑点,近中部 3裂,基部囊状; 侧裂片半卵形, 直立,
超出蕊柱, 红紫色,有白色细斑点;中裂片宽矩圆状
椭圆形, 长、宽各 8~9 mm, 紫红色,仅边缘白色, 基
部有淡黄色斑;唇盘上具有 2条褶片;褶片近平行,
向基部渐宽,乳白色或黄色,基部有红棕色斑点; 蕊
柱长约1. 2 cm, 宽 5 mm ,略弓曲,近顶端有狭翅, 有
极短的蕊柱足; 花粉团 2个,近三角形, 有深裂隙; 粘
盘三角形。花期 10~11月。
本新种与纹瓣兰( Cymbidium aloif ol ium )相近,
区别点在于本新种花期为 10~11月,侧根多而直
立, 叶少( 2~4枚) ,花序具 6~11花,萼片与花瓣紫
红色,具宽仅 0. 8 mm 的黄色边缘。
新种是自西双版纳引种的植物, 约有 10 余株,
种植于梧桐山苗圃总场兰园的树干上。植物成大丛,
生长极为旺盛 。奇妙的是,在肉质的根上长出许多
小侧根;小侧根坚硬,直立向上,形成密丛,颇似巨大
的刷子。该种植株全部都具备这个特征,甚为壮观,
易于辨认。
T his new species was collected from
Xishuangbanna Prefecture of southern Yunnan.
Over ten indiv iduals ar e now cul tivated in our
nursery , grow ing on tr ee tr unks. It is characterized
by the presence of tw o to four very r ig id leaves and
many rig id, erect and densely arranged air roo ts
near the base of the plant . Cymbid ium paucif olium
Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen is somewhat similar to C.
aloif olium ( L . ) Sw . , f rom which it also differs by
having a shorter, usually arching inflorescence 6- to
11-flow er ed, and purple-red sepals and petals w ith
very narrow yellow margins ca 0. 8 mm w ide.
352 武 汉 植 物 学 研 究                  第 20 卷