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Petrocosmea glabristoma (Gesneriaceae), a New Species from Yunnan, China

光喉石蝴蝶 (苦苣苔科),云南植物一新种



全 文 :光喉石蝴蝶 (苦苣苔科)ꎬ 云南植物一新种∗
邱志敬1ꎬ2ꎬ 李超群2ꎬ 王印政2∗∗
(1 深圳市中国科学院仙湖植物园ꎬ 南亚热带植物多样性重点实验室ꎬ 深圳  518004ꎻ
2 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京  100093)
摘要: 报道了云南苦苣苔科植物一新种ꎬ 即光喉石蝴蝶 (Petrocosmea glabristoma Z􀆰 J. Qiu & Y􀆰 Z. Wang)ꎬ
并进行了详细描述和比较以及分子系统学证实ꎮ 该新种在形态上和大理石蝴蝶 (P􀆰 forrestii Craib) 以及东
川石蝴蝶 (P􀆰 mairei Lévl.) 相似ꎬ 但叶片三角形或三角状卵形ꎬ 花冠内面ꎬ 尤其在喉部ꎬ 光滑无毛ꎬ 花丝
显著较短明显区别于后者ꎮ
关键词: 苦苣苔科ꎻ 石蝴蝶属ꎻ 新种ꎻ 云南ꎻ 中国
中图分类号: Q 949              文献标志码: A              文章编号: 2095-0845(2015)05-551-06
Petrocosmea glabristoma (Gesneriaceae)ꎬ a New Species
from Yunnanꎬ China
QIU Zhi ̄jing1ꎬ2ꎬ LI Chao ̄qun2ꎬ WANG Yin ̄zheng2∗∗
(1 Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversityꎬ Fairylake Botanical Gardenꎬ Shenzhen & Chinese Academy
of Sciencesꎬ Shenzhen 518004ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botanyꎬ
Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China)
Abstract: Petrocosmea glabrstoma Z􀆰 J. Qiu & Y􀆰 Z. Wangꎬ a new species from Yunnan Provinceꎬ Chinaꎬ is de ̄
scribed and illustrated. The new species is similar to Petrocosmea forrestii Craib and P􀆰 mairei Lévl.ꎬ but differs from
them mainly by its leaves triangular or triangular ̄ovateꎬ corolla glabrous inside with shorter filament. Molecular and
morphological data demonstrate that this new species has a close affinity to P􀆰 forrestii.
Key words: Gesneriaceaeꎻ Petrocosmeaꎻ New speciesꎻ Yunnanꎻ China
  The genus Petrocosmea Oliver (Gesneriaceaeꎬ
Cyrtandroideaeꎬ Didymocarpeae) was established in
1887 and presently consists of 38 species and 4 vari ̄
eties ( Oliverꎬ 1887ꎻ Wangꎬ 1985ꎻ Burttꎬ 1998ꎬ
2001ꎻ Li and Wangꎬ 2004ꎻ Wei and Wenꎬ 2009ꎻ
Gou et al.ꎬ 2010ꎻ Middleton and Tribounꎬ 2010ꎻ
Zhao and Shuiꎬ 2010ꎻ Shawꎬ 2011ꎻ Xu et al.ꎬ
2011ꎻ Qiu et al.ꎬ 2011ꎬ 2012ꎻ Zhang et al.ꎬ 2013ꎻ
Wang et al.ꎬ 2013). It was divided into three sec ̄
tionsꎬ i􀆰 e. Petrocosmea Oliv.ꎬ Anisochilus Hemsl. and
Deinanthera W􀆰 T. Wang by Wang in the second re ̄
vision of Petrocosmea (Wang 1985ꎻ Wang et al.ꎬ
1990ꎬ 1998). Plants of uncertain identity were found
from Yunnan Provinceꎬ China. These plants belong
to sect. Anisochilus by the abaxial corolla lip two
times longer than the adaxial and the anthers with no
constriction. These plants are exceptional in the tri ̄
angular or triangular ̄ovate leaves that are pubescent
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报  2015ꎬ 37 (5): 551~556
Plant Diversity and Resources                                    DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201515018

∗∗
Funding: The Special Research Project of National Traditional Chinese Medicine Industryꎬ the Fourth National Survey on Chinese Materia
Medica Resourcesꎬ Chongqing (20127002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31200159)
Author for correspondenceꎻ E ̄mail: wangyz@ibcas􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
Received date: 2015-01-30ꎬ Accepted date: 2015-04-28
作者简介: 邱志敬ꎬ 男ꎬ 博士ꎬ 主要从事植物分类学和分子系统学研究ꎮ
on both surfaces and corolla glabrous insideꎬ espe ̄
cially the adaxial corolla lip glabrous at throatꎬ with
two yellow spots on abaxial corolla lip at throat.
These combined features of the newly collected plants
differ from any reported species of Petrocosmeaꎬ but
of a new species.
A molecular phylogenetic tree was also con ̄
structed base on chloroplast DNA regions of trnL ̄Fꎬ
matKꎬ and trnT ̄L to ascertain the affinis of this new
species.
1  Material and methods
In the phylogenetic analysisꎬ we sampled three
species of Sect. Petrocosmeaꎬ eight species or variety
of Sect. Anisochilusꎬ and three species of Sect. Dein ̄
anthera. Raphiocarpus begoniifolius Burtt and R􀆰 pete ̄
lotii (Pellegr.) Burtt are chosen as outgroups for the
phylogenetic analysis. The voucher information of all
sampled taxa and GenBank accession numbers are
listed in Table 1.
Total DNA was extracted from silica ̄gel ̄dried
and fresh leaf materials using the CTAB method
(Rogers and Bendichꎬ 1988) and used as the tem ̄
plates in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The
primers used for amplification were c and f for the
chloroplast intergenic region trnL ̄Fꎬ a and b (Tabe ̄
rlet et al.ꎬ 1991) for chloroplast trnT ̄Lꎬ and matK ̄
AF and trnK ̄2R (Johnson and Soltisꎬ 1994ꎻ Ooi et
al.ꎬ 1995) for chloroplast matK gene. PCR was
conducted under the following conditions: 95 ℃ for
4 minꎻ 30 cycles of 94 ℃ for 30 sꎬ 56 ℃ for 30 sꎬ
72 ℃ for 1 minꎻ and a final extension at 72 ℃ for 10
min. The PCR products were purified using Tian
quick Midi Purification Kit (Tiangen Biotechꎬ Bei ̄
jingꎬ China) following the manufacture’s protocol
and were directly sequenced. The sequencing primers
are the same as amplification primers except matK re ̄
gion. In the matK region sequencingꎬ a reverse prim ̄
er of matK ̄8R (Ooi et al.ꎬ 1995) was added.
All of the sequences were aligned using Clustal
X1􀆰 83 (Thompson et al.ꎬ 1997) and adjusted man ̄
ually using BioEdit5􀆰 0􀆰 9 (Hallꎬ 1999). The DNA
data were analyzed with maximum parsimony (MP)ꎬ
implemented in PAUP∗4􀆰 0b10 (Swoffordꎬ 2003)ꎬ
and Bayesian inference (BI)ꎬ implemented in Mr ̄
bayes version 3􀆰 0b4 ( Ronquist and Huelsenbeckꎬ
2003)ꎬ methods.
In MP analysisꎬ character states were unordered
Table 1  Speciesꎬ voucher with collection locality and GenBank accession number for taxa included in this study
Taxon Voucherꎬ Collection Locality and Citation
GenBank Accession Number
trnL ̄F matK trnT ̄L
Petrocosmea grandifolia W􀆰 T. Wang QZJ ̄2007 ̄037ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (PE) JN092472 JN092541 JN092505
P􀆰 kerrii Craib 04603ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (KUN) JN092474 JN092543 JN092507
P􀆰 minor Hemsl. QZJ ̄2008 ̄54ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (PE) JN092478 JN092547 JN092511
P􀆰 oblata Craib Q060923 ̄1ꎬ Sichuanꎬ China (PE) GU350692 JN092549 JN092513
P􀆰 sericea C􀆰 Y. Wu ex H􀆰 W. Li 991104ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (KUN) JN092467 JN092536 JN092500
P􀆰 sinensis Oliver QZJ ̄2008 ̄41ꎬ Sichuanꎬ China (PE) GU350691 JN092550 JN092514
P􀆰 duclouxii Craib Q06100101ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (PE) JX142177 JX142174 JX142180
P􀆰 hexiensis S􀆰 Z. Zhang & Z􀆰 Y. Liu Z􀆰 Y. Liu 110128ꎬ Chongqingꎬ China (SZG) JX142179 JX142176 JX142182
P􀆰 barbata Craib QZJ ̄2007 ̄009ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (PE) KR006351 KR006438 KR006424
P􀆰 cavaleriei H. Lévl. QZJ ̄2007 ̄082ꎬ Guizhouꎬ China (PE) KR006372 KR006440 KR006420
P􀆰 forrestii Craib QZJ ̄2008 ̄58ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (PE) KR006365 KR006445 KR006416
P􀆰 mairei H. Lévl. 019140ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (KUN) KR006366 KR006447 KR006418
P􀆰 glabristoma Z􀆰 J. Qiu & Y􀆰 Z. Wang QZJ ̄2007 ̄061ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China (PE) KR006362 KR006444 KR006417
Outgroups
Raphiocarpus begoniifolius (Lévl) Burtt QZJ ̄2008 ̄026ꎬ Guizhouꎬ China (PE) GU350680 JN092551 JN092515
R􀆰 petelotii (Pellegr) Burtt GX_NP_1ꎬ Guangxiꎬ China (PE) JN092480 JN092552 JN092516
255                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
and all characters were given equal weights. Heuris ̄
tic searches were performed with 1 000 replicates of
random additionꎬ with the default setting of one tree
held at each step during stepwise additionꎬ tree ̄bi ̄
section ̄reconnection (TBR) branch swappingꎬ Mul ̄
trees in effectꎬ and steepest descent off. Bootstrap
support (Felsensteinꎬ 1985) for each clade was es ̄
timated from 1 000 heuristic search replicates follow ̄
ing the setting described above.
For BI analysisꎬ four chains of the Markov Chain
Monte Carlo were run each for 10 000 000 genera ̄
tions and were sampled every 10 000 generations.
For each runꎬ the first 200 samples were discarded
as burn ̄inꎬ which can make sure that the chains
reached stationary. Posterior probability ( PP) was
used to estimate robustness in the majority rule con ̄
sensus from Bayesian analysis.
2  Results and discussion
The combined cpDNA matrix with three chloro ̄
plast regions of matKꎬ trnL ̄F and trnT ̄L had a ̄
ligned sequences of 3 076 bpꎬ of which 73 (2􀆰 37%)
were parsimony informative. The strict consensus of
the six trees yielded by maximum parsimony (MP)
analysis ( L = 210ꎬ CI = 0􀆰 967ꎬ RI = 0􀆰 941) was
congruent with the majority rule consensus Bayesian
tree in the topology (Fig􀆰 1).
In the molecular phylogenetic treeꎬ the new spe ̄
cies P􀆰 glabristoma sp. nov. is sister to P􀆰 forrestii
Craib with supports of BS= 51% and PP = 77%ꎬ and
together they are grouped with P􀆰 mairei Lévl. (BS=
87% and PP = 100%). This branch is further joined
together with another strongly supported branch con ̄
sisting of P􀆰 barbata Craib and P􀆰 cavaleriei Lévl.
(BS= 97%ꎬ PP = 100%).
As mentioned aboveꎬ this new species P􀆰 glabr ̄
istoma is grouped together with P􀆰 forrestiiꎬ P􀆰 maireiꎬ
P􀆰 babata and P􀆰 cavaleriei in a clade in the molecu ̄
lar phylogenetic tree. Accordinglyꎬ they share a se ̄
ries of synapomorphies in morphology. These com ̄
bined synapomorphies are the abaxial corolla lip two
times longer than the adaxial lipꎬ adaxial corolla lip
densely villose inside at throat ( except for this new
species)ꎬ two bright yellow spots or cicatrices on the
abaxial lip at the throat of corolla tube and the adaxi ̄
al lip usually extended forward or upward rather
than reflexed strongly backward. This new species
especially has a close affinity to P􀆰 forrestii in mor ̄
phology of adaxial corolla lobes oblate and ovary pu ̄
bescent with style slightly bending upward at tip.
Howeverꎬ the new species can be easily recognized
by its leaves triangular or ovate ̄triangularꎬ corolla
glabrous insideꎬ especially the adaxial corolla lip at
throatꎬ adaxial corolla lobes extended upward with
shorter filaments (1-1􀆰 3 mm long). With respect to
these morphological charactersꎬ P􀆰 forrestii is fea ̄
tured by leaves rhombic or narrowly ovate with trun ̄
cate basesꎬ adaxial corolla lip densely villose inside
at throat with lobes extended forward and longer fila ̄
ments (about 2 mm long). The new species is also
similar to P􀆰 maireiꎬ howeverꎬ they are also easily to
be distinguished from each other by the oblong or
narrowly ovate leavesꎬ corolla throat and tube wholly
Fig􀆰 1  One of six most parsimonious trees generated from analysis of
combined DNA of matKꎬ trnL ̄F and trnT ̄L. Branch lengths are pro ̄
portional to numbers of nucleotide substitutions ( scales represent 1
substitution) . Above the branches are MP bootstrap (MP ̄BS) valuesꎬ
below the branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP)
3555期        QIU Zhi ̄jing et al.: Petrocosmea glabristoma (Gesneriaceae)ꎬ a New Species from Yunnanꎬ China       
densely villose insideꎬ adaxial corolla lobes elliptic
and extended forward with longer filaments ( about
2 mm long) in the latter.
The new species of P􀆰 glabristoma is now known
from three localities respectively in Jinggu County
and Mengla Countyꎬ south of Yunnan Province. P􀆰 forr ̄
estii has a wide geographic distribution in the west
and central region of Yunnan Province. And P􀆰 mairei
is distributed only in Dongchuan Cityꎬ Yunnan Prov ̄
ince. There is no overlap of geographic distribution
among these three species.
3  Taxonomic treatments
Petrocosmea glabristoma Z􀆰 J. Qiu & Y􀆰 Z. Wang
sp􀆰 nov.
Type: China. Yunnan Province: Jinggu Coun ̄
tyꎬ Jinglin Bridgeꎬ alt. 780 mꎬ Sep. 18ꎬ 2007. Z􀆰 J.
Qiu QZJ ̄2007 ̄061 ( holotypeꎬ PE)ꎻ alt. 850 mꎬ
Oct. 10ꎬ 2013ꎬ Z􀆰 J. Qiu QZJ ̄0718 (paratypeꎬ SZG)ꎻ
Mengla Countyꎬ Menglun Townꎬ Cuiping hillꎬ alt.
830 mꎬ Sep. 21ꎬ 2013ꎬ Y. Dong & C ̄Q Liꎬ DL ̄
201309 ̄0021 (paratypeꎬ PE). Fig􀆰 2-3.
Diagnose: The new species is similar to P􀆰 forr ̄
estii in adaxial corolla lobes oblate and ovary pubes ̄
cent with style slightly bending upward at tipꎬ but
differs from the latter mainly in its leaves triangular
or ovate ̄triangularꎬ corolla glabrous inside at throatꎬ
adaxial corolla lobes extended upward with shorter
filaments.
Perennial herbꎬ rosettesꎬ with short rhizome and
crowded fibrous roots. Leaves 10 to 30ꎬ all basalꎬ
crowdedꎬ the inner leaves with petioles short or ab ̄
sentꎬ the outer leaves with longer petiolesꎻ leaves
triangular or triangular ̄ovateꎬ 0􀆰 5-3􀆰 5 × 0􀆰 5-3 cmꎬ
herbaceousꎬ apex roundꎬ base truncateꎬ cuneiform
or nearly cordateꎬ margin entireꎬ both surfaces with
densely pubescenceꎬ lateral veins 3-4 on each sideꎬ
not distinctꎻ petioles 0􀆰 3-6 cm longꎬ densely pilose.
Cymes 3 to 10ꎬ 1-3 flowers per cymaꎻ peduncle 5-
15 cm longꎬ densely piloseꎻ bracts 2 at mid ̄pedun ̄
cleꎬ lanceolateꎬ 0􀆰 5-1􀆰 2 cm longꎬ pubescentꎬ pedi ̄
cel 1􀆰 5-5 cm longꎬ densely hairyꎻ sepals 5 ̄divided
to the baseꎬ narrowly lanceolateꎬ ca. 4-5 mm longꎬ
pubescent externally. Corolla light ̄blue to whiteꎬ pu ̄
berulent outsideꎬ glabrous insideꎬ two yellow spots on
abaxial corolla lip at throatꎻ tube ca. 3 mmꎬ adaxial
lip ca. 5􀆰 5-6 mm longꎬ bi ̄lobed near to baseꎬ lobes
oblateꎬ abaxial lip ca. 10-12 mm longꎬ tri ̄lobed to
the middleꎬ lateral lobes oblongꎬ ventral lobe nearly
circularꎻ stamens 2ꎬ ca. 3􀆰 5 mm longꎻ filaments ad ̄
nate to ca. 1 mm above base of corolla tubeꎬ 1-1􀆰 3
mm longꎬ glabrousꎻ anthers oblique ̄ovateꎬ ca. 2 mm
longꎬ glabrousꎻ staminodes 3ꎬ adnate to 0􀆰 2 - 0􀆰 4
mm above base of corolla tubeꎬ 0􀆰 2-0􀆰 5 mm longꎬ
glabrousꎻ pistil ca. 9 mm longꎻ ovary pubescentꎬ
ovoidꎬ oblique abaxiallyꎬ ca. 2 mm longꎻ style gla ̄
brous or sparsely pubescent at baseꎬ ca. 7 mm longꎬ
slightly bending upward at tip.
Phenology: The new species was observed to
flower from August to Octoberꎻ fruits not seen.
Habitat and distribution: Petrocosmea glabri ̄
stoma grows on moist shady cliffs of limestone hillꎬ
Fig􀆰 2  Drawing of Petrocosmea glabristoma Z􀆰 J. Qiu & Y􀆰 Z. Wang.
Aꎬ Habitꎻ Bꎬ Calyx and pistilꎻ Cꎬ Dissected corollaꎻ Dꎬ Stamens.
Drawn from the holotype Z􀆰 J. Qiu QZJ ̄2007 ̄061
(PE) by Z􀆰 J. Qiu and A􀆰 L. Li
455                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
Fig􀆰 3  Photos of Petrocosmea glabristoma with comparison of P􀆰 forrestii. 1-6ꎬ P􀆰 glabristomaꎬ 1ꎬ Habitatꎬ growing on the moist shady cliff of the
limestone hillꎬ scale bar = 7􀆰 62 cmꎻ 2ꎬ Plant with basal leavesꎬ scale bar = 1􀆰 81 cmꎻ 3-4ꎬ Flower of front viewꎬ showing pistil and anthersꎬ
and adaxial corolla lip glabrous at throat inside (4) ꎬ scale bar = 0􀆰 62 cm in 3ꎬ 0􀆰 61 cm in 4ꎻ 5ꎬ Flower of side viewꎬ scale bar = 0􀆰 59 cmꎻ
6ꎬ Stamenꎬ scale bar = 0􀆰 1 cm. 7-11ꎬ P􀆰 forrestiiꎬ 7ꎬ Stamenꎬ scale bar = 0􀆰 1 cmꎻ 8ꎬ Plant with basal leavesꎬ scale bar = 3􀆰 03 cmꎻ
9-10ꎬ Flower of front viewꎬ showing adaxial corolla lip densely villose at throat inside (10)ꎬ scale bar = 0􀆰 43 cm in 9ꎬ
0􀆰 38 cm in 10ꎻ 11ꎬ Flower of side viewꎬ scale bar = 0􀆰 48 cm
at 780-850 m altitudeꎬ in Yunnan Provinceꎬ South ̄
western China. In the three localitiesꎬ two localities
respectively containing about 1 000 and 200 individ ̄
uals were found in Jinglin Bridgeꎬ Jinggu County.
The two localities are connected by a provincial
road. The third locality with about 200 individuals
was found in Cuiping hillꎬ Menglun Townꎬ Mengla
County.
Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Lan En and Li Ying ̄
Xiang (Jinggu Forestry Bureau of Yunnan Province) for help ̄
ing collecting the species. We also thank Li Zhen ̄Yu ( Insti ̄
5555期        QIU Zhi ̄jing et al.: Petrocosmea glabristoma (Gesneriaceae)ꎬ a New Species from Yunnanꎬ China       
tute of Botanyꎬ CAS) for the useful suggestions and Li Ai ̄Li
for her excellent drawing.
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655                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷