全 文 ：Six new species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from Yunnan
Wentsai Wang a, *, Zengyuan Wu b
a State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
b Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 17 April 2015
Received in revised form
4 May 2015
Accepted 4 May 2015
Available online 27 May 2016
Keywords:
Urticaceae
Elatostema
New species
Yunnan
a b s t r a c t
Six new species of the genus Elatostema (Urticaceae), E. dentatocaudatum, E. baoshanense,
E. cuipingfengense, E. viridicostatum, E. flexuosicaule and E. globosostigmatum, from Yunnan Province,
China are described and illustrated. The diagnostic differences between the six new species and their
respective allies are given.
Copyright © 2016 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by
Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-
NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Elatostema dentatocaudatum W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu, sp.
nov. Fig. 1: AeE.
[Sect.Weddellia (H. Schr€oter)W. T.Wangser. CrenataW.T.Wang ].
Species nova haec est fortasse affinis E. bijiangensi W. T. Wang,
quod folio apice cuspide integra et nevorum secundariorum par-
ibus quinque praedito, capituli pistillati receptaculo majore
discoideo elliptico ca. 5 mm longo, acheniis longitudinaliter 6-8-
costatis, costis acheniis fere aequilongis distinguitur.
Perennial herb. Stem ca. 30 cm tall, ca. 1.2 mm diam. near base,
puberulous (hairs 0.1e0.2 mm long), simple, ca. 10-leaved. Leaves
alternate, sessile; blades thinly papery, obliquely oblanceolate or
oblong, 7e15 1.4e4 cm, apex caudate (tail-like apex 2e4.5 cm
long, 4-8-denticulate), base at leaf narrow side obtuse, at broad side
cuneate, margin dentate; surfaces adaxially sparsely strigose,
abaxially glabrous; nervation penninerved, with 4 pairs of sec-
ondary nerves; cystoliths dense, inconspicuous, thinly bacilliform,
0.1e0.2 mm long; stipules membranous, greenish, narrowly
lanceolate-linear, ca. 3 0.4 mm, glabrous. Staminate capitula and
staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate capitula singularly axillary,
shortly pedunculate; peduncle ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; receptacle
small, inconspicuous, oblong, ca. 2 mm long, puberulous; involucral
bracts ca. 16, membranous, green, narrowly triangular,
2 0.4e0.8 mm, puberulous; bracteoles numerous, dense, mem-
branous, green, linear or spatulate, 1.2e2 0.1e0.4 mm, densely
long ciliate. Pistillate flower: pedicel 0.2e0.4 mm long, glabrous;
tepals 2, ovate, ca. 0.15 mm long, glabrous; ovary ellipsoidal, ca.
0.4 mm long, glabrous; stigma penicillate, ca. 0.15 mm long.
Achenes brownish, ellipsoidal, ca. 0.7 0.4 mm, longitudinally 4-
ribbed above the middle. Yunnan Province: Gongshan Xian,
Dulongjiang Xiang, on the way from Kongdang to Longyuan Cun.
9819028.99400E; 2758002.27400N. Alt. 1686 m. At shady places by
stream. 2014-09-28. J. Liu. J. N. Lu & K. Chen GLGE 141160 (holo-
type, PE; isotype, KUN).
This species is probably related to E. bijiangenseW. T. Wang, and
from the latter differs in its leaves with 4-8-denticulate long tail-
like apexes and four pairs of secondary nerves, in its smaller
inconspicuous pistillate receptacles, and in its achenes which only
on upper part are longitudinally 4-ribbed. In E. bijiangense, the
leaves at apex have entire cusps and five pairs of secondary nerves,
the pistillate receptacles are larger, conspicuous, discoid, ca. 5 mm
long, and the achenes are longitudinally 6-8-ribbed, with the ribs
nearly as long as the achene body (Wang, 2014).
Elatostema baoshanense W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu, sp. nov.
Fig. 1: FeH.
(Sect. Elatostema ser. Cuspidata W. T. Wang).
Species nova haec est affinis E. cuspidato Wight, quod foliis ses-
silibus vel subsessilibus subtus glabris, eorum cystolithis majoribus
omnibus bacilliformibus 0.3e0.5 mm longis, capituli staminati
bracteis involucralibus lateovatis veldepresse triangularibusapice1-
corniculatis vel crasse apiculatis, bracteolis staminatis glabris differt.
Perennial herb. Stems ca. 35 cm tall, below ca. 2 mm across,
glabrous, simple, ca. 14-leaved. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate;
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: zhongxh@ibcas.ac.cn (W. Wang).
Peer review under responsibility of Editorial Office of Plant Diversity.
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Plant Diversity 38 (2016) 17e22
blades thinly papery, obliquely long elliptic or oblanceolate,
9e18 3.2e5.2 cm, apex cuspidate or acuminate, base obliquely
cuneate, margin dentate; surfaces adaxially glabrous, abaxially on
basal and secondary nerves puberulous (hairs 0.1e0.2 mm long);
nervation semi-triplinerved, with secondary nerves 2e4 at leaf
narrow side and 3e5 at broad side; cystoliths dense, inconspicuous,
punctiform or shortly bacilliform, 0.1e0.15 mm long; petioles
3e10 mm long, glabrous; stipules membranous, whitish,
lanceolate-linear, ca. 12 2 mm, glabrous, 1-greenish-nerved.
Staminate capitula singularly axillary, sessile or shortly peduncu-
late; peduncle ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; receptacle suboblong,
10e16 6e9 mm, glabrous; involucral bracts few, small, incon-
spicuous, membranous, whitish, transversely rectangular or sub-
quadrate, 0.8 1e2 mm, glabrous, apex truncate; bracteoles
numerous, very dense, membranous, whitish, oblong or linear,
1.5e2.5 0.3e0.8 mm, above sparsely ciliolate. Staminate flower
buds ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous, apex with 4 tail-like pro-
jections 0.3e0.5 mm long. Pistillate capitula and pistillate flowers
unknown.
Yunnan Province: Baoshan Shi, Longyang Qu, Mangkuan Zhen.
Baihualing Cun, Hanlongzhai, Ertaipo. 9846050.2800E; 251800.1300N.
Alt. 2233 m. In evergreen broad-leaved forest. 2012-07-01. J. Liu, Y.
H. Luo & S. L. Tan GLGE 12148 (holotype, PE; isotype, KUN).
This species is related to E. cuspidatum Wight, and from the
latter differs in its shortly petiolate and abaxially puberulous leaves
with smaller punctiform or shortly bacilliform cystoliths
0.1e0.15 mm long, in its smaller transversely rectangular or sub-
quadrate staminate involucral bracts without any projections, and
Fig. 1. AeE. Elatostema dentatocaudatum A. apical part of pistillate stem; B. pistillate capitulum, seen from beneath; C. pistillate bracts; D. two pistillate bracteoles and pistillate
flower; E. achene. (from holotype) FeH. E. baoshanense F. leaf and axillary staminate capitulum; G. staminate capitulum, seen from beneath; H. three staminate bracteoles and
staminate flower bud. (from holotype).
W. Wang, Z. Wu / Plant Diversity 38 (2016) 17e2218
in its ciliolate staminate bracteoles. In E. cuspidatum, the leaves are
sessile or subsessile, abaxially glabrous, their cystoliths are larger,
all bacilliform, 0.3e0.5mm long, the staminate involucral bracts are
broadly ovate or depressed-triangular in shape, at apex 1-
corniculate, or thickly apiculate, and the staminate bracteoles are
glabrous (Wang, 2014).
Elatostema cuipingfengenseW. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu, sp. nov.
Fig. 2: A-D.
(Sect. Elatostema ser. Cuspidata W. T. Wang).
Species nova haec est affinis E. cuspidatoWight, quod caulibus et
foliis subtus glabris, eorum cystolithis majoribus 0.3e0.5 mm
longis, stipulis majoribus albis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis
5e10 (20) mm longis 2e3 mm latis glabris longitudinaliter 1-
viridi-nervibus, bracteolis staminatis glabris cystolithis carentibus
recedit.
Perennial herb. Stem 10e50 cm tall, ca. 3 mm diam. near base,
near apex puberulous, elsewhere glabrous, above base 1-branched.
Leaves alternate, sessile or shortly petiolate; blades thinly papery,
obliquely long elliptic, (3.5-)8e15 (1.2-)3e5 cm, apex cuspidate
or acuminate, base obliquely cuneate, margin dentate; surfaces
adaxially densely strigose, abaxially on basal and secondary nerves
puberulous; nervation semi-triplinerved, with ca. 4 pairs of sec-
ondary nerves; cystoliths not dense, bacilliform, ca. 0.2 mm long;
petioles 0e4 mm long, puberulous or glabrous; stipules greenish,
Fig. 2. AeD. Elatostema cuipingfengense A. leaf and axillary staminate capitulum; B. staminate capitulum, seen from beneath; C. another smaller staminate capitulum; D. two
staminate bracteoles and staminate flower bud. (from holotype) EeH. E. viridicostatum E. apical part of staminate stem; F. staminate capitulum, seen from beneath; G. two
staminate bracteoles and young staminate flower; H. a larger staminate bracteole, abaxial view, (from holotype).
W. Wang, Z. Wu / Plant Diversity 38 (2016) 17e22 19
narrowly linear or subulate, 2.5e3.5 ca. 1.5 mm, puberulous,
nerveless. Staminate capitula singularly axillary, shortly peduncu-
late; peduncle 1e2 mm long, glabrous; receptacle broadly oblong
or subquadrate, 8e10 7 mm, glabrous; involucral bracts either 6,
of them 2 larger, opposite, narrowly lunulate, ca. 1 6 mm, sub-
glabrous, apex with a tail-like projection ca. 4 mm long and near
apex pilose, the other 4 bracts smaller, broadly depressed-ovate,
1e1.8 4e5 mm, subglabrous, apex with a tail-like projection
3 mm long, or involucral bracts 4, broadly ovate, 1.8e2 4e5 mm,
glabrous, apex with a tail-like projection ca. 1.5 mm long; bracte-
oles numerous, dense, membranous, whitish, cuneate-linear or
oblong, 2e3.5 0.5e1.2 mm, above with some bacilliform cysto-
liths, apex rounded and sparsely ciliolate. Staminate flower buds
subglobose, ca. 1.2 mm in diam., glabrous, apex with 4 tail-like
projections 0.6e0.8 mm long. Pistillate capitula and pistillate
flowers unknown.
Yunnan Province: Jinghong Shi, Mengla Xian, Menglun Zhen,
Cuipingfeng. Alt. 557 m. 2009-08-01. Zeng Y. Wu 09257 (holotype,
PE; isotype, KUN).
This species is related to E. cuspidatum Wight, and from the
latter differs in its puberulous stem and abaxially puberulous
leaves, which have smaller cystoliths ca. 0.2 mm long, in its smaller
greenish narrowly linear or subulate puberulous and nerveless
stipules only 2.5e3.5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm broad, and in its ciliolate
staminate bracteoles with some bacilliform cystoliths above. In
E. cuspidatum, the stems and the leaf abaxial surfaces are glabrous,
the cystoliths of leaves are larger, 0.3e0.5 mm long, the stipules are
white, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5e10 (20) mm long, 2e3 mm
broad, glabrous, and 1-green-nerved, and the staminate bracteoles
are glabrous and lack cystoliths (Wang, 2014).
Elatostema viridicostatum W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu, sp. nov.
Fig. 2: E-H.
(Sect. Elatostema ser. Cuspidata W. T. Wang).
Species nova haec est fortasse affinis E. cyrtandrifolio (Zoll. &
Mor.) Miq., quod foliis apice cuspidatis vel longe acuminates supra
strigosis, stipulis viridulis minoribus subulatis vel anguste lanceo-
latis 4 mm longis enervibus, capituli staminati bracteis involucra-
libus paucioribus sex 1-seriatis haud corniculatis, bracteolis
staminatis dorso infra apicem nec viridi-maculatis nec viridi-
costatis a specie nova diversa est.
Perennial herb. Stem ca. 30 cm tall, below ca. 2 mm across,
glabrous, simple, ca.10-leaved. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate or
sessile, glabrous; blades papery, obliquely oblong or oblanceolate-
oblong, 6.5e11.5 2.2e4 cm, apex acuminate, base at leaf narrow
side cuneate, at broad side rounded, margin denticulate; nervation
semi-triplinerved, with 3e4 pairs of secondary nerves; cystoliths
dense, conspicuous, bacilliform, 0.2e0.4 mm long; petioles
0e1.2 mm long; stipules membranous, whitish, narrowly trian-
gular, ca. 7 1.5e2 mm, longitudinally 1-green-nerved, with
numerous bacilliform cystoliths, apex acute. Staminate capitula
singularly axillary, shortly pedunculate; peduncle ca. 0.5 mm long,
glabrous; receptacle subquadrate, ca. 4 4 mm, glabrous, 2-lobed;
involucral bracts ca. 10, 2-seriate, membranous, whitish, glabrous,
outer bracts 2 opposite, larger, broadly depressed-ovate, ca.
1 3 mm, abaxially near apex longitudinally shortly 1-ribbed, with
the rib projecting into a green horn-like projection 0.5e0.8 mm
long, inner bracts ca. 8, slightly unequal in size, broadly ovate
or obliquely broadly ovate, 1e1.2 1e3 mm, abaxially near
apex shortly and thickly 1-green-ribbed, with the rib slightly pro-
jecting out; bracteoles numerous, dense, membranous, whitish,
navicular-obovate or cuneate-linear, 1e2 0.3e1.2 mm, above
sparsely ciliolate or subglabrous, abaxially below apex thickly 1-
green-maculate or shortly 1-green-ribbed. Young staminate
flower glabrous: pedicel ca. 0.5 mm long; tepals 4, broadly
navicular-obovate, ca. 0.7 0.7 mm, abaxially below acute apex
longitudinally shortly 1-green-ribbed; stamens 4. Pistillate capitula
and pistillate flowers unknown.
Yunnan: Baoshan Shi, Longyang Qu, Mangkuan Zhen, Baihual-
ing Cun, Huangzhu River. 9845022.0700E; 2517059.4300N. Alt.
2426 m. 2013-03-17. J. Liu, Y. H. Luo, X. W. Liu, Z. G. Yang, L. B. Hong
& Q. P. Zheng GLGE 13612 (holotype, PE; isotype, KUN).
This species is probably related to E. cyrtandrifolium (Zoll. &
Mor.) Miq., and from the latter differs in its acuminate and glabrous
leaves, in its larger (7 mm long) white stipules with one green
nerve, in its staminate capitulum with ca. 10, 2-seriate and 1-
corniculate involucral bracts, and in its staminate bracteoles
which are 1-green-maculate or 1-green-ribbed abaxially below the
apex. In E. cyrtandrifolium, the leaves are cuspidate or long acumi-
nate at apex, and strigose adaxially, the stipules are green, smaller,
subulate or narrowly lanceolate, only 4mm long, and nerveless, the
staminate capitulum has 6 involucral bracts, 1-seriate, and not
corniculate, and the staminate bracteoles are abaxially neither
green-maculate nor green-ribbed (Wang, 2014).
Elatostema flexuosicaule W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu, sp. nov.
Fig. 3: A-D.
(Sect. Elatostema ser. Cuspidata W. T. Wang).
Species nova haec est affinis E. pianmaensi W. T. Wang, quod
caulibus haud flexuosis superne sparse hirtellis, foliis subtus ad
nervos hirtellis, stipulis majoribus lanceolato-linearibus 9e14 mm
longis 2.2e2.5 mm latis dorso ad costam hirtellis, bracteolis pis-
tillatis viridibus haud fere hyalinis, acheniis longitudinaliter 5-
costatis abhorret.
Perennial herb. Stem ca. 25 cm tall, below 1.5 mm across,
glabrous, above zigzag, simple, ca. 7-leaved. Leaves alternate,
shortly petiolate or sessile; blades thinly papery, obliquely long
elliptic or narrowly obovate, 7e12 2.5e4.5 cm, apex acuminate or
cuspidate-acuminate, base at leaf narrow side cuneate and at broad
side subauriculate, margin dentate; surfaces adaxially sparsely
strigillose, abaxially glabrous; nervation semi-triplinerved, with ca.
3 pairs of secondary nerves; cystoliths dense, inconspicuous,
shortly bacilliform, 0.1 0.15 mm long; petioles 0e3 mm long,
glabrous; stipules cadacous, subulate, ca. 4.5 0.6 mm, glabrous.
Staminate capitula, staminate flowers and pistillate flowers un-
known. Infructescences singularly axillary, sessile; receptacle
obliquely elliptic, ca. 7 5 mm, glabrous; involucral bracts ca. 20,
membranous, whitish, triangular or obliquely triangular,
1e1.5 1e2 mm, sparsely ciliolate, apex acute; bracteoles
numerous, dense, semihyaline whitish, linear or spatulate,
1e1.8 0.1e0.4 mm, glabrous or on apex ciliolate. Achenes brown,
ellipsoidal, ca. 0.9 0.5 mm, longitudinally 10-12-ribbed.
Yunnan Province: Baoshan Shi, Longyang Qu, Mangkuan Zhen,
Baihualing Cun, near Nanzhaigongfeng. 9844018.0600E;
2517027.9400N. Alt. 3109m. Under bamboo forest in valley. 2014-10-
14. J. Liu, J. N. Liu, X. W. Liu& Z. G. Yang GLGE 141533 (holotype, PE;
isotype, KUN).
This species is related to E. pianmaenseW. T. Wang, and from the
latter differs in its zigzag glabrous stems, in its abaxially glabrous
leaves with smaller glabrous subulate stipules ca. 4.5 mm long,
0.6 mm broad, in its semihyaline whitish pistillate bracteoles, and
in its 10-12-ribbed achenes. In E. pianmaense, the stems are not
zigzag, above sparsely hirtellous, the leaves are abaxially on nerves
hirtellous, the stipules are larger, lanceolate-linear, 9e14 mm long,
2.2e2.5 mm broad, the pistillate bracteoles are green and not
semihyaline, and the achenes are 5-ribbed (Wang, 2014).
Elatostema globosostigmatum W. T.
Wang & Zeng Y. Wu, sp. nov. Fig. 3: E-L.
(Sect. Elatostema ser. Dissecta W. T. Wang).
Species nova haec est affinis E. dissecto Wedd., quod caulibus et
foliis glabris, foliorum cystolithis majoribus 0.3e0.7 mm longis,
bracteis involucralibus staminatis linearibus vel anguste lanceolatis
W. Wang, Z. Wu / Plant Diversity 38 (2016) 17e2220
glabris, bracteis involucralibus pistillatis lineari-ovatis glabris apice
nec apiculatis nec corniculatis glabris, stigmate penicillato differt.
Perennial herbs, monoecious. Stem ca. 30 cm tall, below ca.
2 mm across, on apex puberulous, elsewhere glabrous, from below
to apex ca. 5-branched, with branches 0.9e15 cm long, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate or sessile; blades thinly papery,
obliquely elliptic or obovate, 1.2e9 0.9e4.2 cm, apex shortly
cuspidate or acuminate, rarely acute, base obliquely cuneate,
margin dentate; surfaces adaxially strigillose, abaxially on nerves
puberulous; nervation semi-triplinerved, with 2e4 paris of
secondary nerves; cystoliths not dense, not conspicuous, shortly
bacilliform, ca. 0.1 mm long; petioles 0e2 mm long, glabrous;
stipules membranous, whitish or greenish, oblong or linear,
4e6 1e2 mm, glabrous, longitudinally 1-green-nerved, apex
acute. Staminate capitula singularly axillary, long pedunculate;
peduncle 0.7e2.5 cm long, glabrous; receptacle rectangular,
5e20 3.5e10 mm, glabrous, often from peduncle apex with 2
winged ribs; involucral bracts ca. 20, membranous, whitish,
depressed-ovate, 0.5e0.6 1e2 mm, sparsely ciliolate; bracteoles
numerous, dense, semihyaline, cuneate-linear, linear or narrowly
Fig. 3. AeD. Elatostema flexuosicaule A. apical part of pistillate stem; B. infructescence, seen from beneath; C. three pistillate bracteoles; D. achene. (from holotype) EeL. E.
globosostigmatum E. flowering stems apical part with three axillary staminate capitula; F. staminate capitulum, seen from beneath; G. five staminate bracts; H. four staminate
bracteoles; I. staminate flower bud; J. pistillate capitulum, seen from beneath; K. three pistillate bracteoles and pistillate flower; L. achene. (from holotype).
W. Wang, Z. Wu / Plant Diversity 38 (2016) 17e22 21
linear, 1e1.8 0.1e0.8 mm, on apex ciliolate, larger bracteoles with
apexes subtruncate or rounded, on themiddle thickened and green.
Staminate flower bud obovoid, ca. 1 mm long, on apex with 4 ovate
pilose projections. Pistillate capitula singly axillary, shortly
pedunculate or sessile; peduncle 0e0.5 mm long, glabrous;
receptacle rectangular or subquadrate, 2e4 2e9 mm, glabrous;
involucral bracts 2-seriate, membranous, greenish, outer bracts
5e10, depressed-ovate, 0.5e0.8 1.2e3 mm, ciliolate, apex shortly
1-corniculate, inner bracts 15e45, triangular or broadly linear,
0.6e0.8 0.3e6 mm, densely ciliolate, apex apiculate or shortly 1-
corniculate; bracteoles numerous, dense, greenish, spatulate,
narrowly oblanceolate or linear, 0.8e1.2 0.1e0.3 mm, above
ciliate. Pistillate flower: Pedicel thick, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous;
tepals wanting; ovary long ellipsoidal, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous;
stigma subglobose, ca. 0.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Achenes
yellowish, long ellipsoidal, ca. 0.8 0.4 mm, longitudinally 8-
ribbed.
Yunnan Province: Gongshan Xian, Dulongjiang Xiang, on the
way from Kongdang to Longyuan Cun. 9819028.99400E;
2758002.27400N. Alt. 1685 m. At shady places by stream. 2014-09-
28. J. Liu. J. N. Liu & K. Chen GLGE 141139 (holotype, PE; isotype,
KUN).
This species is related to E. dissectumWedd., and from the latter
differs in its puberulous stems and leaves, in its smaller cystoliths of
leaves ca. 0.1 mm long, in its depressed-ovate and ciliolate stami-
nate involucral bracts and depressed-ovate or triangular, cornicu-
late or apiculate, and ciliolate pistillate involucral bracts, and in its
subglobose stigma. In E. dissectum, the stems and leaves are
glabrous, the cystoliths of leaves are larger, 0.3e0.7 mm long, the
staminate involucral bracts are linear or narrowly lanceolate, and
glabrous, the pistillate involucral bracts are linear-ovate and
glabrous, and at apex neither apiculate nor corniculate, and the
stigma is penicillate (Wang, 2014).
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Liu Jie for collecting specimens, to Mr.
Raymond Porter for correcting the English text and to Miss Zhong
Xiao-hong for type-writing the manuscript of this paper. The pre-
sent study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technol-
ogy of the Peoples Republic of China (2012FY110800), and The
Ministry of Science and Technology, China, Basic Research Project
(No. 2013FY112600).
Reference
Wang (王文采), W.T., 2014. Elatostema (Urticaceae) in China (中国楼梯草属植物).
Qinggao Publishing House, Qingdao.
W. Wang, Z. Wu / Plant Diversity 38 (2016) 17e2222