全 文 ：中国兰科植物研究杂记?
金效华 , 樊 杰
(中国科学院植物研究所 , 北京 100093)
摘要 : 报道了中国兰科植物一个新记录属和三个新记录种 , 短距兰属 ( Penkimia)、短距兰 ( P . na-
galandensis)、长序大苞兰 ( Sunipia cirrhata)、白花叉喙兰 ( Uncifera thailandica)。短距兰属 ( Penkimia) 区别
与鸟舌兰属 ( Ascocentrum) 在于侧萼片合抱蕊柱 , 唇瓣没有任何附属物以及锥形的距 ; 长序大苞兰的花序
长于叶 , 唇瓣基部具一个胼胝体 ; 白花叉喙兰唇瓣的距后弯并朝向子房。
关键词 : 兰科 ; 新记录 ; 中国
中图分类号 : Q 949 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 0253 - 2700 (2008) 05 - 531 - 02
Miscellaneous Notes on Orchidaceae from China
J IN Xiao-Hua, FAN Jie
( Instituteof Botany, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 , China)
Abstract: Penkimia, P . nagalandensis, Sunipia cirrhata and Uncifera thailandica were reported as new records to Chi-
na . Penkimia primarilydiffers from Ascocentrumby having lateral lobesoverlapping thecolumn, lip lackingany appendag-
es, and the conical spur . Sunipia cirrhata is characterized by its inflorescence exceeding leaf , lip with a callus at base,
each pair of pollinia with stipe and viscidium . Uncifera thailandica is primarily distinguished fromits relatives by its apex
of spur curved backwards towards ovary .
Key words: Orchidaceae; New records; China
During our botanical trip to Yunnan from 2004 to 2007 ,
many new species and little known orchidswere found . Here we
report new records to China .
1 !Penkimia Phukan & Odyuo in Orchid review 330 . 2006 .
(短距兰属 )
Epiphytic . Rootswith thick velamen . Leaves terete, adaxi-
ally channeled . Flowers yellow to orange, densely along the ra-
chis, small . Lip three lobed, lacking callus, lateral lobes en-
closing the column, spur curved forwards . Pollinia two, porate .
Thegeneric delimitation of Aeridinae iswell-known problem
due to convergences of morphological characters ( Dressler,
1993; Garay, 1972 ; Seidenfaden, 1988; Topik et al. , 2005) .
This recently described monotypic Penkimia is closely allied to
Ascocentrumby having semi-terete and channeled leave, yellow
toorange flowers densely on rachis, column with column wings,
two pollinia porate . However, it can be separated from Ascocen-
trumby lateral lobes overlappingthe column, lip lacking any ap-
pendages, and theconical spur .
2 ?Penkimia nagalandensis Phukan & Odyuo, Orchid review
330 . 2006 . (短距兰 )
Epiphytic . Plant up to 20 cm high . Roots white, terete,
covered with thick velamen, 3 - 4 mm in diam . Stem up 2 cm
long, closed by leaf-sheaths . Leaves distichous, 3 - 8 , terete,
acuminate, channeled, moreor less arched, 4 - 15 cmlong, 3 -
4 mmin diam . , fleshy . Inflorescences oneto three, arisingform
base, 3 - 10 cmlong, densely with3 - 25 flowers, basewithatu-
bular bract . Bracts persistent, 1 . 5 - 3 mm long . Pedicel with
ovary 6 mmlong . Flowers 4 - 5 mmacross, fullyopen, yellow to
云 南 植 物 研 究 2008 , 30 (5) : 531～532
Acta Botanica Yunnanica DOI : 10 .3724?SP. J . 1143 .2008.07325
? ?Foundation items: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (30600037) , the construction of scientificand technological platformsfrom the
Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2005DKA21006 ) , and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
( KSCX2-YW-Z-061)
Received date: 2008 - 01 - 09 , Accepted date: 2008 - 04 - 08
作者简介 : 金效华 (1975 - ) 男 , 博士 , 主要从事兰科植物分类学研究。 E-mail : xiaohuajin@ ibcas. ac. cn
orange, middle veins of tepal tinged with purple . Sepals sub-
equal, fleshy, reflexed; dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse, 3 .5 mm
long, 2 mm wide; lateral sepals elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 4 mm
long, 2 mm wide; petals elliptic-oblong, 3 .5 mm long, 2 mm
wide; lipmore or less hooded, three lobed, near rhombic when
pressed, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide; lateral lobes semi-circle,
erect, 1 mmlong, 1 mmwide; middle lobe sub-orbicular, 2 mm
long, 2 . 5 mm wide; spur conical, curved forwards . Column
short, 1 . 5 mmlong, footless . Pollinia two, porate . Capsule .
China . Yunnan : Tengchong, Wuhe, alt . 2 000 m, 2007
- 03 - 15 , on tree, in forest, X . H . J in 8923 ( PE) .
Distribution: China and India .
Our fieldwork indicated that the natural fruit set of thisspe-
cies is unusual high . More than 50% flowers set fruit in 2006
and 2007 .
3 ?Sunipia cirrhata ( Lindl .) P . F . Hunt in Kew Bull . 26 :
184 . 1971 . ——— Ionecirrhata Lindl . Fol . Orchid . Ione2:
1 , no . 1 . 1853 . Types: India, Sikkim, Hooker 51 ( syn .
K-LINDL ) . (长序大苞兰 )
Epiphytic on trunks and branches . Rhizome cylindrical , 3
- 4 mmin diam . Pseudobulbsconical , 1 - 2 cmfar away alongthe
rhizome, 2 - 3 cm high, 1 . 5 cm in diam . , with 1 leaf . Leaf
leathery, 10 - 12 cmwide, 2 - 3 cmwide, uneven lobed . Inflo-
rescence fromthebaseof the pseudobulbs, with 4 - 7 flowers, 30
- 40 cm long . Flowers white, with purple veins . Pedicel and
ovary about 1 - 1 .5 cm long; middle sepal lanceolate, 2 . 1 cm
long, 0 .7 cmwide, 7-veined; lateral sepals connate; 2 cmlong,
1 cmwide; petals elliptic, dentate, 4mm long, 4 mmwide, 3-
veined; lip purple, lanceolate, 1 . 7 cmlong, 0 . 9 cmwide, base
with acallus, middle vein of abaxial part green . Column white,
3 mm long, column foot 4 mm long, rostellum saddle-shaped;
anther cap white; pollinia8 in two pairs .
Distribution: China, India, Myanmar .
China . Yunnan: Lushui county, Liu-ku, east slope of
GaoligongMts ., alt . 1 800 m, in evergreen forest, Dec . 12 ,
2007 , X . H . J in 9261 (PE) .
Pearce and Cribb ( 2002) stated that this entity occurred in
Yunnan, however, no material was cited . This species is wide-
spread in the valley of Dulongjiang River ( upper part of Irrawad-
dy or Ayeyarwady River) , characterized by the inflorescence
longer than leaf , lip with a callus at base .
4 ?Uncifera thailandica Seidenf . & Smitin . Orchid . Thail . 4 ,
2 : 828 . fig . 621 . 1965 . (白花叉喙兰 )
Epiphytic ontrunk or branches . Stem5 cmlong, 0 . 8 cmin
diam . , enclosed by the leaf sheath . Leaves4 - 5 , fleshy, 3 - 3 .5
cmwide, 7 - 8 cmlong, obtuse, uneven bilobed . Rachis purple,
penetrate through the leaf-sheath . Infertile bracts pale yellow;
fertile bracts lanceolate, 5 - 6 cm long . Flowers 10 - 15 , pale
white greenish, tinged with purple in middle veins; dorsal sepal
elliptic, concave, 0 . 5 cmlong, 0 . 5 cmwide; lateral sepals ob-
lique, ovate, 0 . 6 cmlong, 0 . 5 cmwide; petals concave, ovate,
0 . 5 cm long, 0 .5 cmwide, obtuse; lip three lobed, spurred;
later lobes obtuse; middle lobe very small ; spur white, compress
in middle, apex curved backwards towards ovary, 0. 7 - 0 .8 cm
long . Anther cap extending, visicidium elliptic, yellowish
brown .
Distribution: China, Thailand .
China . Yunnan: Ying-J iang County, Tong-Bi-Guan, 1 400
m, in evergreen forest, June 28 , 2007 , X . H . J in 9026 (PE) .
This species is characterized by its leaves uneven lobed,
and the apex of spur curved backwards towards ovary .
Acknowledgement: Special thanks are due to N . Odyuo, with
whom I enjoyedmany discussions on the systematics of Penkim-
ia .
References:
Pear ?ceNR , Cribb PJ , 2002 . TheOrchidsof Bhutan [M ] . Huddersfield:
Charlesworth Group
Dres ?sler RL , 1993 . Vandeae [ A ] . In: Dressler RL ( editor) Phylogeny
and Classification of theOrchid Family [M ] . Cambridge: Cambridge
University, 205—207
Gara ?y LA , 1972 . On the systematics of the monopodial orchids I [ J ] .
Botanical MuseumLeaflets Harvard University, 23 ( 4) : 149—212
Seid ?enfaden G, 1988 . The orchid genera in Thailand XIV . Fifty-nine
vandoid genera [ J ] . Opera Botanica, 95 : 1—360
Topi ?k H , Yukawa T, Ito M, 2005 . Molecular phylogenetics of subtribe
Aeridinae (Orchidaceae) : insights from plastid matK and nuclear ri-
bosomal ITS sequences [ J ] . J Plant Res, 118: 217—284
235 云 南 植 物 研 究 30 卷