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Rediscovery of Camellia tonkinensis (Theaceae) after More Than 100 Years

东京金花茶百余年后的重新发现



全 文 :东京金花茶百余年后的重新发现∗
杨世雄1ꎬ Nguyen Hieu2∗∗ꎬ 赵东伟1ꎬ 税玉民1
(1 中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室ꎬ 云南 昆明  650201ꎻ
2 越南科学与技术联合会植物保育中心)
摘要: 东京金花茶一百多年后在越南北部被重新发现ꎬ 该种是 C􀆰 J. Pitard根据 B. Balansa 1887年采自越南巴
维山的标本于 1910年描述发表的ꎮ 本文对该种的花部特征进行了补充描述并提供了它的新分布点信息ꎮ
关键词: 东京金花茶ꎻ Ngoc Soꎬn ̄Ngo Luong自然保护区ꎻ 重新发现ꎻ 越南
中图分类号: Q 949            文献标识码: A                文章编号: 2095-0845(2014)05-585-05
Rediscovery of Camellia tonkinensis (Theaceae)
after More Than 100 Years
YANG Shi ̄Xiong1ꎬ Nguyen Hieu2∗∗ꎬ ZHAO Dong ̄Wei1ꎬ SHUI Yu ̄Min1
(1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asiaꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ
Kunming 650201ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 Center for Plant Conservation of Vietnam (CPC)ꎬ Vietnam Union of Science and
Technology Associationsꎬ 25 / 32 Lane 191ꎬ Lac Long Quan Rd.ꎬ Hanoiꎬ Vietnam)
Abstract: Camellia tonkinensis is recollected after more than 100 years with extending distribution in northern Viet ̄
nam. C􀆰 J. Pitard described this species in 1910 based on the collections of B. Balansa in 1887 from Mt. Bavi. Added
description of flower and location of new collection are provided.
Key words: Camellia tonkinensisꎻ Ngoc Soꎬn ̄Ngo Luong Nature Reserveꎻ Recollectionꎻ Vietnam
  Based on the rare yellow petalsꎬ yellow / golden
camellias are highly significant in horticulture and
science for their important gene resource. In 1965ꎬ
the publication of Theopsis chrysantha Hu ( =Camel ̄
lia nitidissima Chi) (Chang and Yeꎬ 1991) in Guan ̄
gxi Province of China had caused the sensation and
even been taken as the first discovery of yellow ca ̄
mellia in the world (Liangꎬ 1990ꎬ 2007). In factꎬ
the earliest descriptions of yellow camellias were
Thea tonkinensis Pitard and Thea flava Pitard from
the northern Vietnam ( Pitardꎬ 1910). The latter
was combined as Camellia flava ( Pitard ) Sealy
(Sealyꎬ 1949)ꎬ which has been investigated with
added collections and new distribution in succession
after its first publication (Sealyꎬ 1958ꎻ Mingꎬ 2000ꎻ
Ninhꎬ 2002ꎬ 2003).
Thea tonkinensisꎬ transferred to Camellia as
C􀆰 tonkinensis ( Pitard) Cohen Stuart by Stuart in
1916ꎬ was described from a specimen collected by
B. Balansa (Balansa 3860ꎬ P) from Mt. Baviꎬ Ha
Tay Prov. ( presently belonging to Hanoi) in 1887
(Fig􀆰 1). It is revealed that the specimens (Fleury
37816 and Petelot s􀆰 n.) identified as Camellia
tonkinensis areꎬ in factꎬ Camellia pubicosta. Soꎬ no
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报  2014ꎬ 36 (5): 585~589
Plant Diversity and Resources                                    DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201413224

∗∗
Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270246) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences (KSCX2 ̄EW ̄Z ̄1ꎬ KSCX2 ̄EW ̄Z ̄10)
The author contributed equally to this work
Received date: 2013-11-20ꎬ Accepted date: 2014-01-08
作者简介: 杨世雄 (1963-) 男ꎬ 博士ꎬ 主要从事植物系统分类学研究ꎮ E ̄mail: shxyang@mail􀆰 kib􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
collection of C􀆰 tonkinensis has been gathered from
any locality in Vietnam since the collecting of type
specimen. In the past 20 yearsꎬ many surveys of Ca ̄
mellia had been carried out in Vietnam and a lot of
new camelliasꎬ as well as the rediscoveries of old
speciesꎬ have been continually reported ( Ninhꎬ
1998aꎬ bꎻ Ninh and Hakodaꎬ 1998ꎻ Rosmannꎬ
1999ꎻ Richards et al.ꎬ 2002ꎻ Ninh and Ninhꎬ
2005ꎻ Orelꎬ 2006ꎻ Orel and Wilsonꎬ 2010aꎬ bꎬ
2012ꎻ Orel et al.ꎬ 2012). Howeverꎬ no news of
C􀆰 tonkinensis has been presented.
1  Rediscovery
Ngoc Son ̄Ngo Luong Nature Reserve ( NS ̄NL
NR) (20°23′-20°36′ Nꎬ 105°07′-105°30′ E) is
located in the Southwest of Hoa Binh Provinceꎬ Vi ̄
etnamꎬ covering an area of roughly 19254 ha. NS ̄
NL NR is characterized by steep and rugged karst to ̄
pographyꎬ and largely covered by limestone forests.
The elevation range is from 100 m to 1 065 m with an
average of 600 m.
During a plant expedition to assess the flora of
NS ̄NL NR in 2010ꎬ one species with yellow flower
was collected. Study on the collected specimens and
perusal of literature (Pitardꎬ 1910ꎻ Gagnepainꎬ 1943ꎻ
Sealyꎬ 1958ꎻ Changꎬ 1981ꎬ 1996ꎻ Chang and Bath ̄
tholomewꎬ 1984ꎻ Hoꎬ 1990ꎻ Ming and Zhangꎬ 1993ꎻ
Rosmannꎬ 1997ꎻ Mingꎬ 1999ꎬ 2000) revealed that
the plant is Camellia tonkinensis. This species is uni ̄
que in having leaves obtuse or rounded at the baseꎬ
puberulent outsurfaces of sepalsꎬ puberulent stamensꎬ
3 ̄loculed hairy ovary and 3 styles appressed hairy al ̄
most to the apex (Fig􀆰 2). This is the first substan ̄
tive recollection and new record of this species after
its first collection more than 100 years ago.
    The previous description of C􀆰 tonkinensis de ̄
rived from type specimen with fruiting shoot. The fea ̄
tures of corolla and stamens were unknown. There ̄
foreꎬ a complete description of this species is provid ̄
ed for the accurate identification of the species.
Fig􀆰 1  Distribution of Camellia tonkinensisꎬ indicating the locality of type specimen (cross) and new locality ( triangle)
685                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 36卷
Fig􀆰 2  Camellia tonkinensis. A. habitatꎻ B. flowering shootꎻ C. flower with corolla and androecium removedꎻ D. flower.
Pictures A & B were taken by Nguyen Quang Hieu (CPC)ꎬ pictures C & D were taken by Yang Shi ̄Xiong
2  Taxonomic treatment
Camellia tonkinensis (Pitard) Cohen Stuart in
Meded. Proefst. Thee 40: 67. 1916 et in Bull. Jard.
Bot. Buitenzorg 3 (1): 247. 1919ꎻ Melchior in En ̄
glerꎬ Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2ꎬ 21: 129. 1925ꎻ Sea ̄
lyꎬ Rev. Gen. Camellia 40ꎬ fig. 10. 1958ꎻ H􀆰 T.
7855期        YANG Shi ̄Xiong et al.: Rediscovery of Camellia tonkinensis (Theaceae) after More Than 100 Years       
Changꎬ Tax. Gen. Camellia 88. 1981 et in Acta Sci.
Nat. Univ. Sunyats. 35 (1): 82. 1996ꎻ H􀆰 T. Chang
et B. Bartholomewꎬ Camellias 112. 1984ꎻ T􀆰 L.
Ming et W􀆰 J. Zhang in Acta Bot. Yunn. 15 (1): 8.
1993ꎻ T􀆰 L. Ming in Acta Bot. Yunn. 21 (2): 151.
1999 et Monogr. Gen. Camellia 87. 2000. ———Thea
tonkinensis Pitard in Lecomteꎬ Fl. Gen. Indo ̄chine
1: 343. 1910ꎻ A. Chevalier in Bull. Econ. In ̄
dochine 21: 531. 1919ꎬ pro parte quoad typumꎻ
Gagnepainꎬ in Supple. Fl. Gen. Indo ̄chine 1: 308.
1943ꎬ pro parte quoad typum. Type: Vietnamꎬ Mt.
Baviꎬ B. Balansa 3860 (P).
Shrubsꎬ 2 - 4 m tall. Young branches grayish
brownꎻ current year branchlets purplish brownꎬ 2-3
mm thickꎬ glabrous. Leaf paperyꎬ ellipticꎬ oblong ̄
ellipticꎬ or oblong ̄ovateꎬ 9-13􀆰 5 by 2􀆰 5-5 cmꎬ a ̄
pex acuminate or narrowly acuminateꎬ base obtuse to
roundedꎬ widely and very shallowly denticulateꎬ ad ̄
axially dark greenꎬ glabrousꎬ abaxially palerꎬ brown
glandular punctateꎬ sparsely puberulous along the
midrib near the baseꎬ midrib abaxially elevated and
adaxially flat or slightly impressedꎬ secondary veins
8-10 on each side of midribꎻ petiole 3-5 mmꎬ pu ̄
berulous. Flowers axillary or subterminalꎬ solitaryꎬ 4
- 5 cm in diam. Pedicel 7 mmꎬ stoutꎬ glabrousꎻ
bracteoles 5ꎬ spreadingꎬ not covering pedicelꎬ lu ̄
nate to ovateꎬ 2-4 mm long ꎬ leatheryꎬ yellow pu ̄
berulent on the back and glabrous on the face. Sep ̄
als 5ꎬ orbicular or suborbicularꎬ 5-9 mm in diam.ꎬ
leatheryꎬ outside yellow puberulent and inside gla ̄
brousꎬ margin membranousꎬ ciliolate. Petals 9-12ꎬ
pale yellowꎬ glabrousꎻ outer 4 or 5 petals broadly el ̄
liptic to suborbicularꎬ 1􀆰 5-2 by 1-1􀆰 5 cmꎻ inner
petals elliptic to oblong ̄ellipticꎬ 2 - 3 by 1􀆰 2 - 1􀆰 6
cmꎬ basally connate for 4-5 mm. Stamens nume ̄
rousꎬ ca. 2􀆰 5 cmꎬ puberulentꎻ outer filament whorl
basally connate into ca. 4 mm tube. Ovary globoseꎬ
ca. 2 mm in diam.ꎬ pale yellow tomentoseꎬ 3 ̄lo ̄
culedꎻ styles 3ꎬ distinctꎬ ca. 1􀆰 6 cmꎬ appressed pale
yellow tomentose almost to the apex. Capsule oblateꎬ
1􀆰 7 by 2􀆰 5-3 cmꎬ 3 ̄loculed with 1 seed per loculeꎻ
pericarp 1 mm thick when dryꎬ outside pale yellow
tomentose. Seeds brownꎬ globoseꎬ 1􀆰 2 - 1􀆰 5 cm in
diam.ꎬ sparsely yellowish brown pilose near hilum.
Fl. Oct.ꎻ fr. Nov.
    Distribution and habitat: North Vietnam. In log ̄
ged primary closed evergreen broad ̄leaved submon ̄
tane forests on slopeꎬ 960-1 030 mꎬ limestone.
    Specimens examined. Vietnamꎬ Ngoc Son ̄Ngo
Luong Nature Reserveꎬ Hoa Binh prov. (20°34􀆰 18′
Nꎬ 105°07􀆰 13′ꎬ Fig􀆰 1)ꎬ N􀆰 Q. Hieu et al. 616ꎬ 673ꎬ
712ꎬ 776 [Center for Plant Conservation (CPC)ꎬ
Hanoiꎬ Vietnam].
3  Discussion
Camellia tonkinensis is endemic to the northern
Vietnam and is so far reported from Mt. Baviꎬ the
type localityꎬ and NS ̄NL NRꎬ the new distribution
site (Fig􀆰 1). Its occurrence in Mt. Bavi is uncertain
at present because it has never been recollected from
the type localityꎬ where an expedition developed in
2012 with attempts to find this long lost species but
met with disappointment finally. In NS ̄NL NRꎬ the
extant plants are in a very vulnerable situation. This
area is currently surrounded and broken by heavily
agricultural landꎬ where all the non ̄limestone habi ̄
tat has been converted to agricultural areas for annu ̄
al crops. In limestone areasꎬ most primary forests
have been heavily degraded by timber loggingꎬ fire
wood harvesting and occasional forest fires. Soꎬ there
is an urgent need to conserve this rare species before
it is completely wiped out from the area.
    Camellia tonkinensis is easily distinguished from
its related species C􀆰 flava by its 3 ̄loculed ovary and
leaves obtuse or rounded at the base. Camellia nit ̄
idissima Chi differs from C􀆰 tonkinensis by its gla ̄
brous ovary and styles.
Acknowledgements: To complete the botanical survey and
the reportꎬ we also would like to thank Ngo  􀅰c So
ꎬn Ng Luông
Nature Reservereꎬ Ngo  􀅰c So
ꎬn Ng Luông Projectꎬ Spanish A ̄
gency for International Cooperation and Developmentꎬ Hoa
Binh Forest Protection Department and Foundation for Social
Promotion of Culture in Spain for supporting and funding.
885                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 36卷
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