全 文 ：广 西 植 物 Guihaia 31(3)：291— 294 2011年 5月
DOI：10．3969／j．issn．1000—3142．2011．05．003
中国的齿状真菌研究 3．肉齿茵属
袁海生1，秦问敏1，周丽伟1，2
(1．森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室，中国科学院 沈阳应用生态研究所，
沈阳 110016；2．中国科学院 研究生院 ，北京 100049)
摘 要：对中国肉齿菌属的 3个种进行了总结 ，其 中花状肉齿菌为中国新记录种。该种采集 自海南省儋州市
热带植物园，主要特征：子实体花朵状、覆瓦状叠生，囊状体棒状或纺锤形，担孢子广椭圆形。根据采集的标本
对该种进行了详细的描述及显微结构绘图，对该种与其它种类的联系和区别进行了讨论，并列出了附有每种
简要描述的检索表。
关键词：花状 肉齿菌；地生真菌 ；分类；热带地区
CLC Number：Q939 Document Code：A Article ID：1000—3142(2011)03—0291-04
Hydnaceous fungi of China 3．Climacodon
(Polyporales，Basidiomycota)in China
YUAN Hai-ShengI，QIN Wen-Min1，ZH0U Li_Wei1，2
(1．State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology，Institute of Applied Ecology，Chinese Academy of Sciences，
Shenyang 110016，China；2．Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China)
Abstract：Three species of hydnaceous genus Climacodon P．Karst．in China are summarized．C_dubitativus(Lloyd)
Ryvarden is newly recorded from China．It is characterized by imbricate and efflorescence-like basidiocarps，clavate to
fusiform cystidia，and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores．An ilustrated description of the species is given based on the
materials collected from Hainan Province，and a key with synoptic description of each species is provided．
Key words：Climacodon dubitativus；terrestrial fungi；taxonomy；tropical area
1 Introducti0n
Extensive studies on wood-rotting fungi of China
were made during the last 20 years．A number of new
species and species new to China were found including
many medicinal and edible fungi(Dai& Yang，2008；
Dai 口Z．，2010)．Most of these taxa were focused on
polyporoid species(Cui& Dai，2008；Cui et a1．，2005，
2006；Dai，2004，2009；Dai Li，2002；Dai eta1．，2006，
2001；Qin et a1．，2010；Zhou et at．，2009)and hydna-
CL~3US fungi(Yuan& Dai，2005a，b；Yuan& Dai，2008；
Yuan et a1．，2006，2009)，and enriched the Chinese
fungal flora(Dai& Zhuang，2010)．During the study
on the hydnaceous fungi in China，two specimens were
identified as Climacodon dubitativus(Lloyd)Ryvarden
which has not been reported in China previously(Dai et
a1．，2004；Ryvarden，1992)．An illustrated description
of this species is given in the present paper based on
our materials．The knowledge of Climacodon iS sum—
marized and a species key to the genus from China is
provided．
Received date：2010—08—04 Accepted date：2010—12—04
Foundation items：Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3O70O004，31070023)
Biography：YUAN H~-Sheng(1975一)，male·Ph．D，Taiyuan of Shanxi Province，associate professor。mainly engaged in diversity and systematics of lignicolous
fungi，(E-mail)yuanhs911@yahoo．coin,ElL
292 广 西 植 物 31卷
The genus Climacodon P．Karst．was established
by Karsten with Hydnum pulcherrimum Ba rk．& M．
A．Curtis as the type species．It is characterized by the
features of pileate basidiocarps，hydnoid hymenophore，
a monomitic hyphae system (generative hyphae bear
clamp connections in context but simple septa in spine
trama)，presence or absence of cystidia，and cylindric to
ellipsoid，smooth，non-amyloid basidiospores(Maas
Geesteranus，1971)． The genus is closely related to
Mycoleptodonoides M．I．Niko1． macroscopically，but
the generative hyphae of latter bear clamp connections
both in context、and spine trama． Mycorrhaphium
Maas Geest．and Steccherinum Gray resemble Climac—
odon by having pileate basidiocarps and hydnoid hym—
enophore，however，these two genera have a dimitic
hyphae structure with plenty skeletal hyphae(Banker，
1912；Yuan{ Dai，2005a，2009)．
2 Materials and methods
The studied specimens are deposited at the her—
barium of the Institute of Applied Ecology．Chinese A—
cademy of Sciences(IFP)．The microscopic methods
employed in the series studies are same as that de—
scribed by Yuan& Dai(2008)．In the text the folow—
ing abbreviations are used：CB一 一 acyanophilous。IKI
一 一 neither amyloid nor dextrinoid．L— mean spore
length(arithmetical mean of al1 spores)，W — mean
spore width(arithmetical mean of all spores)，Q—ex—
treme values of the length／width ratios among the
studied specimens。and n— the number of spores meas—
ured from given number of specimens． Special color
terms are from Rayner(1970)and Petersen(1996)．
3 Results
Climacodon dubitativus(Lloyd)Ryvarden，Mycot—
axon 44：129，1992(Fig．1—2)．
— — C efflorescens Maas Geest．， ．K．Ned．
Akad． ．，Afd．Natuurkunde，Tweede Reeks 60：
135，1971．
— — P0Z 5 c “s dubitativus Lloyd，M yco1．Wr
7：1111，1922．
Fruitbody——Basidiocarps annual，sessile or with
short central rooting stipe，often in large imbricate
clusters and efflorescence-like，leathery when fresh，
without odour or taste，becoming bone hard and light
in weight when dry．Pilei flabelliform，semicircular to
circular，up to 25 cm wide and 1 cm thick：margin ob—
tuse when fresh，thinning out and undulate when dry
．
Upper surface cream to pale buff，tomentose to veluti—
nate，indistinctly concentrically zoned when fresh，be—
coming ochraceous to orange-brown，strigose，distinctly
zonate when dry；margin darker than center．Hymeno—
phore hydnoid，hymenophore between the spines
smooth；spines waxy when fresh，crowded in centre，
sparse at margin，white to cream when fresh，cinnamon
to yellowish brown upon drying，subulate，terete，
straight to flexuous，up to 1．5 mm long，3—4 per mm
．
Context homogenous，fibrillose，zonate，white when
fresh，cream to pale buff when dry，up to 5 mm thick
．
Stipe concolorous with pileal surface，up to 1 cm wide
and 3 cm long，spines slightly decurrent．
Hyphal structure— Hyphal system monomitic；
generative hyphae bearing clamp connections in context
and simple septa in spine trama；IKI一 ，CB一 ；tissues
unchanged in KOH．
Context- Generative hyphae hyaline，thin： to
thick-walled，bearing clamp connections，occasionaly
branched，semi—gelatinous，3．5- 5
． 5“m diam ，regular—
ly arranged．
Spines~ Generative hyphae hyaline，thin- to
slightly thick-walled，bearing simple septa，seldom
branched，1．8— 3 “m diam，subparallel along the
spines． Cystidia clavate to fusiform ，thin-to slightly
thick-walled，originated from trama，embedded or pro—
jecting out of the hymenium，37～45×5．5—7 um．ba—
sidia clavate，with a basal simple septum and four steri—
gmata，20— 23×4．5— 6“m；basidioles in shape similar
to basidia，but slightly smaler．
s1)0 —一Basidiospores broadly elipsoid，hya—
line，thin-walled，smooth，with a distinct guttule，IKI
一
，CB一 ，4．2—5．1(一5．2)×3．1—3．6(一4)um，L一
4．65 m，W=3．39 m，Q一1．37(n=30／1)．
Specimens ex帅 ined— — China，Hainan Prov．，
Danzhou County， Tropical Botanical Garden， on
3期 袁海生等：中国的齿状真菌研究 3．肉齿菌属 293
ground。2．VI．2008 Dai 10028 10039．
Other Specimens examined— — CIimacodon pul—
cherrimus． China，Hainan Prov．，Bawangling Nat．
Res．，on rotten angiosperm trunk，2．IX．2006 Dai
7845；Henan Prov．，Neixiang County，Baotianman
Nat．Res．，on rotten angiosperm wood，30．VIII．2005
Li 438；Heilongjiang Prov．，Jiagedaqi，on wood of
Quercus，20．XIII．2003 Dai 4880；Hunan Prov．，
Nanyue Co unty，Hengshan Forest Park，on fallen angi—
osperm trunk，29．VI．2007 Dai 8185；on fallen trunk of
Pinus，29．VI．2007 Li 1846；Yunnan Prov．，Mengla
Co unty，Wangtianshu Forest Park，on rotten angio—
sperm wood，25．IV．2008 Yuan 5401；on fallen angio—
sperm trunk，25．IV．2008 Yuan 5416．— — septen—
trionalis．China，Heilongjiang Prov．，Hegang，Lianying
Forest Farm ，on living tree of Acer，29．VIII．2008
Y1】aI】51]]＆ Yuan 5134．
Fig．1 Fruitbodies of Clirnacodon
dubitativus(Lloyd)Ryvarden
4 Discussions
Two species in Climacodon were recorded before
in China(Dai et aZ．，2004)：Climacodon pulcherrimus
(Berk．& M．A．Curtis)Niko1．and C septentrionalis
(Fr．)P．Karst．C pulcherrimus(Berk．& M．A．Curtis)
Niko1．is unique because its contextual generative
hyphae have one to four clamps connections per sep—
rum．C septentrionalis(Fr．) P． Karst． and C
chlamydocystis Maas Geest．are the two species closely
related to C．dubitativus by having distinct cystidia．
However，C chlamydocystis has encrusted cystidia，
while they smooth in C．dubitativus．C·septentrionalis
differs from C dubitativus by cylindric to narrowly el—
lipsoid basidiospores． Moreover，the fruitbody of C．
dubitativus usually bear a short central rooting stipe．
A key to the accepted species with synoptic de—
scription of Climacodon from China．
1．Generative hyphae with one clamp connection
per septum in context．cystidia present ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 2
1．Generative hyphae with one to four clamp con-
nections per septum in context，cystidia absent ⋯
⋯ ⋯ C．pulcherrimus(Berk．& M．A．Curtis)Niko1．
Frb．annual，effused-reflexed to sessile，upper surface
cream to pale buff when fresh，yelowish brown
when dry，tomentose to strigose，azonate；spine su—
bulate，1．5— 2 mm long，3— 5 per mm．Generative
hyphae in context with one to four clamp connec—
tions per septum；generative hyphae in spine trama
with simple septa． Cystidia absent；basidiospores
short cylindric to elipsoid，IKI一 ，CB一 ，(4一)4．1—
5．1(一5．5)×(2一)2．1—2．5(一2．6) m，L一4．53
m，W一2．23 m，Q==：2．03(n一30／1)．
2．Basidiospores cylindric to narrowly ellipsoid，
cystidia distinctly thick-walled ·⋯ ⋯ ··⋯ ·⋯ ⋯ ··⋯
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ C septentrionalis(Fr．)P．Karst
Frb．annual，sessile，usually imbricate，upper surface
white to cream when fresh，buff to pale brown when
dry，tuberculate to strigose，indistinct zonate；spine
subulate。up to 7 mm long，3—4 per mm．Generative
hyphae in context with one clamp connection per
septt~m ；generative hyphae in spine trama with sim—
ple septa． Cystidia tubular to ventricose，thin- to
thick-waled(up to 2“m thick)；basidiospores short
cylindric to narrowly ellipsoid，IKI一 ，CB一 ，(4一 )
4．1—4．6(一5)×2—2．3(一2．7) m，L一4．29 m，
W：2．19“m，Q=1．96(n一3o／1)．
2．Basidiospores broadly elipsoid，cystidia thin-to
slightly thick-walled ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ C．dubitativus(L1oyd)Ryvarden
Frb．annual，sessile or with a short central stipe，up—
per surface cream to pale buff，tomentose to veluti—
nate，indistinctly concentrically zoned when fresh，
becoming ochraceous to orange-brown，strigose，dis—
tinctly zonate when dry；spine subulate，up to 1．5
294 广 西 植 物 31卷
mm long，3— 4 per mm．Generative hyphae in con—
text with one clamp connection per septum；genera—
tive hyphae in spine trama with simple septa．Cys—
tidia clavate to fusiform，thin- to slightly thick-
walled；basidiospores broadly ellipsoid，IKI一 ，CB一 ，
4．2—5．1(一5．2)×3．1— 3．6(一 4)btm，L一4．65
gm，W一3．39／_tm，Q一1．37(n一30／1)．
( ◎◎⑦ 固◎
===二至
b
]=二二二=)
(二二=二)
C ====二) —、
C
a
a ：一
5 Hm
b—d：——
1 0 um
e
Fig．2 Microscopic structures of Climacodon dubitativus
(Lloyd)Ryvarden(drawn from Dai 10028)
＆Basidiospores；b．Basidia and basidioles；c Cystidia；d．Hyphae
from spine tramg；e．Hyphae from context．
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